Palibe njira ina. Capitalism ndi tsogolo lokhalo. Misika yaulere ndiye maziko a demokalase.
Kodi tikudziwa bwanji? Chifukwa timauzidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi anyamata anzeru ochokera m'mabungwe ndi boma, komanso atolankhani ndi ophunzira omwe amalipidwa kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake anyamata anzeru akulondola.
Poyang'anizana ndi "mgwirizano" umenewo, anthu a Program on Corporations, Law and Democracy (POCLAD) aukira mwachindunji chikhalidwe cha bungwe, bungwe lomwe lili pachimake cha capitalism yamakono.
Ndiye, kodi ndi openga kapena angosokonezeka?
Ngakhalenso. Mamembala a POCLAD akuwonekera momveka bwino, ndipo buku lazolemba zawo - Defying Corporations, Defining Democracy - limapanga mlandu wokakamiza pakuwunika kwawo ndi njira zawo.
Chofunikira ndichakuti kutsutsa kwawo ndi chikhalidwe cha bungwe. Sikuti amangonena kuti mabungwe amachita zoipa kapena nthawi zina amapotoza demokalase (anthu ambiri omasuka ngakhale ena okonda kuvomereza amavomereza zimenezo, makamaka pambuyo pa Enron). M'malo mwake, amatsutsa kuti kukwera kwabungwe lamakono kwachititsa imfa ya demokalase yopindulitsa. Ngakhale ndikuganiza kuti kusanthula kwawo kuyenera kufutukuka (zambiri pa izi pambuyo pake), gulu la POCLAD lachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pokonza nkhani ya chilungamo pazachuma m'chinenero chofikiridwa ndi anthu omwe sanakopekebe ndi kusanthula kumanzere / patsogolo.
Nayi nkhani yomwe POCLAD akutiuza:
Abambo athu olemera omwe adayambitsa adakonza njira yomwe imawalola kukhalabe ndi mphamvu - poletsa kukhala nzika kwa amuna oyera, komanso kudzera m'mabungwe otsogozedwa ndi akuluakulu monga Nyumba Yamalamulo ya US ndi Khothi Lalikulu lomwe limatha kutsata malingaliro amtchire omwe anthu wamba angatsatire. Nyumba Yoyimilira ya demokalase yambiri, kapena maboma ndi maboma. Komabe, mfundo za demokalase zomwe dzikolo linakhazikitsidwa zinali zenizeni, ndipo magulu odziwika m'kupita kwa nthawi adakulitsa chilolezocho ndikuyambitsa demokalase yochulukirapo.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo nkhondozi zakhala zikuchitika, maloya ndi olimbikitsa anthu achita nkhondo kuti awonjezere mphamvu zamakampani. Nthawi zambiri kudalira oweruza kuti achite zomwe ngakhale nyumba zamalamulo zotsatiridwa bwino sizikanachita, mabungwe adasiya kukhala ochepa.
mabungwe m'zaka za m'ma 18 ndi theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 19 omwe amatha kulamulidwa ndi anthu ndi oimira awo, mpaka masiku ano chuma ndi mphamvu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuthawa kulamuliridwa ndi anthu ambiri.
M'chilankhulo cha POCLAD, mabungwe adayamba ngati mabungwe omwe ali pansi pa anthu odziyimira pawokha koma pamapeto pake adakhala ambuye, ndikuchotsa lingaliro lalikulu la demokalase - mphamvu zimakhala mwa We People. Chofunika kwambiri pa izi chinali kupereka kwa makhoti kwa mabungwe ufulu wa anthu, kuphatikizapo ufulu wa 14th Amendment ndipo pamapeto pake ngakhale ufulu wolankhula. POCLAD ikunena zodziwikiratu: Ufulu ukhoza kuperekedwa ndi anthu okha, ndipo mabungwe si anthu enieni koma ndi nthano chabe, zolengedwa motsatira malamulo.
Malinga ndi POCLAD, tiyenera kupitilira kumenyera mabungwe malinga ndi zomwe akufuna - kulimbana ndi zolakwa zawo zoipitsitsa kudzera m'malamulo owongolera kapena kuwapempha kuti athetse nkhanza pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo odzifunira. M'malo mwake, omenyera ufulu wa nzika ayenera kukakamiza mabungwe kuti azichita zinthu mogwirizana ndi ma charter awo kapena kuchotsedwa kwa ma charter, chilango cha imfa kwa mabungwe.
Ali m'njira, POCLAD imanenanso mbiri yakale yaku America, ndi zotsatira zazikulu ziwiri. Choyamba, zimasokoneza bungwe - ndipo kutanthauza capitalism - kusonyeza kuti monga machitidwe ena aliwonse ndi chotulukapo cha zosankha zaumunthu, osati dongosolo lachilengedwe losasinthika. Chachiwiri, mamembala a POCLAD amatikumbutsa za kukana kwamakampani m'mbuyomu - kuyambira theka loyamba la mbiri yakale yaku America pomwe mabungwe adasungidwa pachilichonse chachifupi kwambiri ndipo kuchotsedwa koteroko kunachitika, ku zolimbikitsa za Populists kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 kutsutsa kuvomerezeka kwamakampani, kuti ntchito ya gulu loyambirira la ogwira ntchito kuti afotokoze njira ina yosinthira capitalism. Kuti kusintha kwa ndale kwapangโonopangโono kutheke, anthu samangofunika kumvetsetsa mmene machitidwe ndi mabungwe amene ali ndi mphamvu amachitira, komanso kuona kuti nโzotheka kuti machitidwe asinthe.
Bukulo limasonyeza kuti mabungwe samangochita malonda koma amalamulira mbali yaikulu ya moyo wathu, mโdongosolo limene limawononga anthu achilengedwe amene akulimbana ndi anthu ongopeka amenewa. Defying Corporations, Defining Democracy imapangitsa mfundoyi kukhala yabwino kwambiri pokambirana za malamulo a ntchito, zomwe zimapatsa kasamalidwe ubwino waukulu kuposa ogwira ntchito omwe akuyesera kulinganiza. Olembawo amatsutsanso momveka bwino kuti zipambano zilizonse zanthawi yayitali nzika ndi magulu achilengedwe apambana, kapena angapambane, m'mabungwe owongolera, thanzi lachilengedwe lapadziko lapansi lawonongeka, ndipo lidzapitilirabe kuwonongeka. Malingana ngati mabungwe atha kudziunjikira chuma ndi mphamvu zomwe malamulo ndi ndale zamasiku ano zimalola, omenyera ufulu wawo amayambira pa dzenje.
Pamene makalata, nkhani, ndi zolankhula izi (zonse zazifupi komanso zosavuta kukumba) zikulongosola nkhaniyi, zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu a POCLAD asankha mwanzeru kuyang'ana mabungwe ndikupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "capitalism." Chisankho chimenecho nโchomveka mโdziko limene zikhulupiriro za ukapitalizimu zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zakunja (European or Third-World socialism and communism) ndi machitidwe opondereza (Soviet Union ndi satellites). Ngakhale zili zowona kuti kutsutsa kwamphamvu kwa capitalism ndi gawo lakale la mbiri yakale yaku America (ena akutchulidwa m'bukuli, monga Knights of Labor's) osati zogulira kunja, pakadali pano m'mbiri njira yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri bungwe ndizotheka. kuti agwirizane kwambiri ndi aku America. Ziribe kanthu zomwe anthu amaganiza za capitalism monga dongosolo (ngati akuganiza za izo), pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi chifukwa china cha kusakonda kapena kusakhulupirira mabungwe; Tonse tasokonezedwa ndi kampani - monga mpikisano, wogwira ntchito, ogula, kapena otiyimilira - mwanjira ina nthawi ina.
Poganizira kuti mabungwe ndi capitalism yamakono sangathe kulekanitsidwa kapena kufotokozedwa mosiyana, kutsutsa kwa POCLAD kwa bungwe kumapita pamtima pa dongosololi. Ndizotheka kuwunikira zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimachitika mu capitalism - kufunikira kwake kwakukula kosalekeza, kudyera masuku pamutu kwa ogwira ntchito, kugulitsa chilichonse - poyang'ana kwambiri mabungwe. Zowonadi, capitalism monga tikudziwira kuti siyingakhalepo popanda mawonekedwe akampani. Komabe, panthawi ina pokambirana za ndale ndi zachuma, anthu amafunsa momveka bwino, "Chabwino, simukukonda zomwe tili nazo - mukufuna dongosolo lanji?"
Kodi anthu akumanzere/opita patsogolo amayankha ponena kuti tikufuna ukapitalizimu wopanda mabungwe? Kapena capitalism yokhala ndi mabungwe omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa? Sizidziwikiratu kuti mawu oyamba angatanthauze chiyani, komanso sizikuwonekeratu kuti yachiwiriyo ibweretsa kusintha kwakukulu.
Kapena kodi timalongosola masomphenya omwe - kaya tigwiritse ntchito kapena ayi - adzamveka mofanana ndi zomwe kale zimadziwika kuti socialism: palibe umwini wazinthu zopangira, kulamulira kwa ogwira ntchito pakupanga, magulu amagulu / khonsolo pachuma chonse. , dongosolo logwirizana ndi zina zotero. mwachitsanzo, Michael Albert ndi Robin Hahnel amachitcha kuti โchuma chogawana nawoโ (onani buku lawo Loyang'ana Patsogolo kapena patsamba lawebusayiti la www.parecon.org). Koma potsirizira pake, sikuli kwanzeru kuti anthu ayembekezere yankho la funso limenelo.
Wina anganene kuti sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kupereka udindo kwa bungweli, kuwonetsa osati momwe limawonongera demokalase mu ndale komanso kuphwanya anthu mwachinsinsi. Palibe mkangano pamenepo, koma sitepe yoyambayo imatsogolera mwachangu ku mafunso okhudza masomphenya a dongosolo lina. Uku sikufuna njira ina yofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yochotsera kutsutsa dongosolo lomwe lilipo. Zoonadi, pamene dongosolo lirilonse liri lopondereza, ndilokwanira kuti dongosololi lithe. Koma kuchita bwino kwa kufunikira kumeneku kumakulitsidwa kwambiri ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino mfundo zoyambira (zomwe POCLAD imapereka) komanso zokambirana zina za masomphenyawo, ngakhale atakhala ongoyeserera komanso ojambula (omwe sanaphatikizidwe mu bukuli).
Gawo lina lofunikira patsogolo ndikuphatikizanso kuwerengera kwa tsankho, kusankhana mitundu, ndi imperialism yaku US - osati monga nkhani zosiyanitsidwa ndi capitalism yamakampani koma zogwirizana nazo. Zikuwonekeratu kuti POCLAD ikufuna kuyang'anitsitsa mphoto yamakampani omwe akupikisana nawo, koma kukulitsa kusanthula kungathandize pantchitoyo.
M'lingaliro lina, chikapitalism sichikhala chosankhana mitundu kapena kugonana - mabungwe ndi okondwa kudyera masuku pamutu aliyense pofuna kupeza phindu. Koma eni ndi mameneja agwiritsa ntchito tsankho kugawanitsa ogwira ntchito ndi kulimbitsa ulamuliro, ndipo kusankhana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kwakhala kofunikira posunga ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi amayi kapena "ntchito za amayi" (monga kukula kwa gawo la utumiki wa makasitomala) malipiro ochepa. Nkhani zimenezo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mbiri ya bungwe.
Ndikofunikiranso, popeza ufumu waku America ukufunitsitsa kulamulira dziko lonse lapansi, kulumikiza machitidwe amakampani ndi mfundo zakunja zaku US komanso zankhondo. Panthaลตi imene mawu osonyeza kukonda dziko lako akuchulukirachulukira, zimenezi zingaoneke ngati zowopsa. Koma ndizovuta kuganiza zolimbana ndi mphamvu zamabizinesi kunyumba popanda kutsutsa nkhanza ndi ziwawa za mfundo zaku US chifukwa zimateteza chuma ndi misika yakunja kwamakampani.
Izi ndizovuta zomwe mayendedwe osiyidwa / opita patsogolo ayenera kufulumira. M'dziko la machitidwe angapo opondereza ndi kuponderezana omwe ali odzaza ndi anthu, tilibe chochita koma kuthana nawo mopenda. Munthu m'modzi kapena gulu litha kusankha kuyang'ana pa nkhani inayake, koma kuwunika komwe kumayambitsa kuti ndale sikunganyalanyaze zovuta izi.
Zirizonse zosiyana mu njira ndi kutsindika zomwe ndingakhale nazo ndi POCLAD, Defying Corporations, Defining Democracy amatikumbutsa kuti mtundu uwu wa ntchito zandale ukhoza kuchitidwa m'chinenero chomwe chimalankhula ndi anthu wamba. POCLAD imapewa zolemba zazitali, zodzaza ndi jargon zomwe zingatseke owerenga ambiri, ndipo ndizo zabwino. Koma zambiri mwazidutswa zazifupizi, mpaka-pansozi zimabwereza mitu yofanana, nthawi zina m'chilankhulo chofanana kwambiri. Bukhuli likadadulidwa pakati ndikupereka zambiri zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lothandiza kwambiri pazida zofikira anthu wamba.
Komabe, otsalira ndi omwe akupita patsogolo ayenera kuwerenga Defying Corporations, Defining Democracy - ndikupitiriza ntchito ya gulu kudzera pa webusaitiyi ( www.poclad.org ) ndi nkhani zamakalata (By What Authority) - osati mbiri yakale ndi kusanthula komwe ikupereka komanso njira zolankhulirana zotengera uthenga kwa anthu. POCLAD imatikumbutsa kuti ntchito si kutsimikizira opanga mfundo ndi osankhika za vuto lamakampani koma kufikira anthu ndikupanga gulu lalikulu.
Panthaลตi imene anthu ambiri amavomereza bodza lalikulu lakuti kulibe tsogolo kunja kwa ukapitalist, ndi nthaลตi yoti tipite patsogolo ndi njira za ndale zozikidwa pa kuzindikira kuti palibe njira yolingalira za tsogolo labwino kupatulapo kunja kwa ukapitalist.
Mabungwe Otsutsa, Kufotokozera Demokalase
Yosinthidwa ndi Dean Ritz
Apex Press
masamba 336, $17.95.
Robert Jensen ndi pulofesa wa utolankhani ku yunivesite ya Texas ku Austin, membala wa Nowar Collective, komanso wolemba buku la Writing Dissent: Kutenga Malingaliro Opambana Kuchokera M'mphepete mwa nyanja kupita ku Mainstream. Kabuku kake kakuti, โCitizens of the Empire,โ kakupezeka pa http://www.nowarcollective.com/citizensoftheempire.pdf.
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