Zaka zitatu zapitazo, pa chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu zomwe zisanachitike ku Iraq, ndinathamangira kwa mnzanga wazaka za 16, mowoneka wokondwa ndi kukula kwa gulu la anthu komanso malingaliro a cholinga chimodzi. Sangapite kunkhondo tsopano, sichoncho? iye anati, โOsati zitatha iziโฆโ Chabwino, iwo anatero, ndipo zaka zitatu pambuyo pake mantha a otsutsawo akhala akuchitika kambirimbiri. Komabe kukula kwa zionetsero kwachepa.
Izi sizili chifukwa zifukwa zochitira zionetsero zapita. M'malo mwake, chiwopsezo cha nkhondo yatsopano yolimbana ndi Iran, kutumiza kwa asitikali opitilira 3,000 aku UK kunkhondo yosatha ku Afghanistan ndipo, koposa zonse, kupitilizabe kusalungama ndi kuwononga kwa ntchito ya Iraq kuyenera kupereka chilimbikitso chokwanira kwa anthu. kuti alowe nawo pamipikisano yomwe ikuchitika Loweruka lino ku London komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Zakuti zotsatira za kuwukirako zakhala zowopsa tsopano zikuvomerezedwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, koma pali chisokonezo pamtundu wa tsokali ndi zomwe zidayambitsa komanso njira yake. Ku Britain, kufalitsa ziwawa ku Iraq kumayang'ana kwambiri za ziwopsezo zodzipha komanso kuphulika kwa mabomba komwe kumakhudza anthu wamba. Izi zachulukirachulukira ndipo ndizowopsa, koma zimangotengera gawo laling'ono la ziwawa zomwe zidasokoneza Iraq.
Malingana ndi asilikali a US, panali zigawenga za 34,000 ku 2005 - mpaka 30% pa 2004. US Government Accountability Office posachedwapa inauza Congress kuti panali 2,500 "kulimbana kwachiwawa" mu December 2005 (kuposa 80 tsiku ndi "pafupifupi 250 %โ kuposa mu Marichi 2004). Zochititsa chidwi, pafupifupi 80% ya zigawengazi zimayang'ana asilikali, 10% ikuyang'ana asilikali a Iraq ndi pafupifupi 10% ya anthu wamba aku Iraq. Ziwopsezo zodzipha ndi mabomba agalimoto zidakwera kufika pa 411 mu 2005 kuchokera ku 133 mu 2004, komabe zidangokhala 1.2% yokha.
Kwa anthu aku Iraq, chiwopsezo cha ziwawa zatsiku ndi tsiku chimachokera kumadera ambiri: alonda pamalo ochezera, magalimoto okhala ndi zida omwe amalondera, zigawenga, magulu opha anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi boma ndi apolisi, ndipo, ocheperako, adachita nawo magulu ankhondo aku US-British. M'dziko lino mulibe malipoti ochepa, ogwidwawo akhala akuwonjezera nkhondo yawo yapamlengalenga motsutsana ndi malo omwe amati ndi oukira boma. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayi ya 2005, asitikali aku US adachita ziwopsezo zopitilira 400, zophatikizira mabomba, mfuti kapena ma drones osayendetsedwa. Njira zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Falluja mu Novembala 2004 - zomwe zidasiya nyumba zopitilira magawo awiri mwa atatu a nyumba zamzindawu kukhala zosakhalamo komanso kupha anthu masauzande ambiri - zabwerezedwa kwina. Ku Ramadi, Al-Qaim, Haditha, Baiji ndi kwina, ziwawa zaukadaulo zolimbana ndi madera okhala ndi anthu ambiri zapha ndikuvulaza anthu wamba, zawononga zipatala, masukulu ndi nyumba, ndikusintha masauzande aku Iraq kukhala othawa kwawo. Seymour Hersch mu New Yorker akuti, kuyambira March 2003, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing yokha yatsitsa matani oposa 500,000 ku Iraq, poyerekeza ndi matani a 2m omwe adagwetsedwa ndi asilikali onse a US panthawi yonse ya nkhondo ya Vietnam.
Bungwe lothandizira mayiko akunja la US lati dziko la Iraq likuvutika ndi "kusokonekera" komwe zigawenga "pafupifupi ufulu". Chiyambireni ntchitoyi, ophunzitsa, asayansi ndi aluntha oposa 300 aphedwa. Nduna yoona zolowa m'malo ndi kusamuka ku Iraq idavomereza kuti sikuli bwino kuti ma Iraqi abwerere kuchokera kunja. Amnesty International yati "mkhalidwe waufulu wa anthu m'dziko muno udakali woyipa". Asilikali omwe akugwira nawo ntchito amanga anthu opitilira 35,000 aku Iraq popanda mlandu kapena mlandu. Pakalipano, osachepera 15,000 akusungidwa m'misasa ya US kapena British - kuwonjezeka kwa 300% pa March 2004. Chiwerengero chosadziwika cha omangidwa akuzunzidwa ndipo ena anaphedwa. Malinga ndi mkulu wakale wa bungwe la United Nations loona za ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Iraq, mwezi uliwonse ku Baghdad mokha anthu mazana ambiri aku Iraq amazunzidwa mpaka kufa kapena kuphedwa mwachidule ndi magulu opha anthu omwe amagwira ntchito kuchokera ku unduna wa zamkati.
Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu zokhala m'dzikolo, "pafupifupi miyeso yonse ya kayendetsedwe ka mafuta ku Iraq, magetsi, madzi ndi ngalande zakhala pansi pamikhalidwe yomwe isanawukire", malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya New York Times. Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku MoD chaka chatha adawonetsa kuti 71% ya aku Iraqi sapeza madzi oyera, 47% sakhala ndi magetsi okwanira, ndipo 70% akuti njira zawo zotayira zimbudzi sizigwira ntchito. Ntchito yomanganso idayima ndipo ndalama zatsopano zokha zomwe US โโโโadasankha ndi zandende. Kupanga mafuta kunatsika mu Januwale mpaka theka la magawo ake nkhondo isanachitike.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi IMF ndi United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) adawonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu aku Iraq omwe ali pansi paumphawi chawonjezeka kuyambira pomwe Saddam Hussein adagwa mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu aanthu, pomwe mabanja a 2 miliyoni aku Iraq pano akukhala osakwanira. $ 1 patsiku pa munthu. Zomwe zimayambitsa umphawi wochuluka zinaperekedwa monga "kukwera kwa ulova, chiwawa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito za boma ndi ntchito za boma". Kafukufuku wina wa UNDP adanenanso kuti kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa ana aku Iraq kwawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri kuyambira kuukira kwa 2003. Komabe mwezi watha, boma la Iraq linachepetsa magawo a chakudya ndi 25%. Malinga ndi malamulo a IMF, idachepetsanso ndalama zothandizira mafuta, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mitengo ikwere kasanu.
Pakadali pano, ziphuphu (zokhudzana ndi magulu ankhondo, akuluakulu aku Iraq ndi mabungwe amayiko osiyanasiyana) zachuluka. Mu lipoti lake la 2005, Transparency International, woyang'anira wodziyimira pawokha, adachenjeza kuti Iraq itatha nkhondo ikhoza kukhala "chiphuphu chachikulu kwambiri m'mbiri".
Zonsezi - chiwawa, kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu, umphawi, kusokonekera kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma, zofunkha - zikuchitika osati ngakhale chifukwa cha ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma Iraqi nawonso akhala akufuna kuti izi zithe. Pakafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Britain, 82% adati "amatsutsa kwambiri" kukhalapo kwa asitikali amgwirizano ndipo 67% adadzimva kukhala osatetezeka chifukwa cha ntchitoyo. Chofunikira, ochepera 1% adakhulupirira kuti mabungwe amgwirizano adathandizira chitetezo. Malingaliro awa atsimikiziridwa ndi zisankho zina komanso ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu zotsutsana ndi ntchito zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, koma sizinafotokozedwe pano. Kuonjezera apo, pafupifupi magulu onse omwe adachita nawo zisankho chaka chatha apempha kuti pakhale ndondomeko yosiya. US ndi Britain akulimbikira kuti amadziwa bwino.
Zowona zankhanza zantchitoyo, zosanenedweratu momwe zilili, ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kuti aliyense atuluke Loweruka m'mawa. Komabe ambiri akukayikirabe, akuvutika ndi chikhalidwe cha kukana, kuopa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, komanso malingaliro opanda pake pa zionetsero za ndale.
Sitiyenera kudabwa kuti kukana kwachiwawa kwachitika poyankha ntchito yachiwawa. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti kukana uku kwatsimikizira kuti ndizovuta, zamitundu yambiri komanso zosinthika. Mapiko a "Zarqawi" ake ndi ankhanza, osagwirizana komanso ampatuko, koma ndi omwe adayambitsa zigawenga mazana angapo mwa zigawenga za 34,000 chaka chatha. Ndizosavomerezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Iraq, ambiri mwa iwo (kuphatikiza pafupifupi zipembedzo zonse) amatsutsa njira zake zankhanza. Koma kukana kwathunthu ndi nkhani yosiyana kwambiri. Magulu ambiri amayendetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuthetsa ntchito zakunja, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatalikirana ndi oponya mabomba omwe amayang'ana misikiti ndi anthu wamba. Umboni waposachedwa wa GAO Congression umatchula mkulu wina wankhondo waku US kunena kuti "pafupifupi onse" a 'magulu a zigawenga osiyanasiyana ... kuwukira.
Chiwopsezo cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni chikuwoneka kuti ndicho chifukwa chomwe chimayamikiridwa kwambiri pakutalikitsa ntchito. Ndizowona kuti mikangano yamagulu ndi ziwawa zakhala zikukulirakulira, makamaka kuyambira kuphulitsidwa kwa bomba kwa mzikiti wa Shia ku Samarra. Komabe, mazana masauzande omwe adawonetsa m'mizinda yaku Iraq pambuyo pa nkhanzazi sanangokana kugawanikana kwamagulu koma adapereka mlandu kwa omwe adakhalamo, osati popanda chifukwa. A US ndi Britain atsatira njira yosagwirizana ndi kugawikana, kukakamiza ma Iraqi kuti ayimidwe m'magulu achipembedzo kapena mafuko, ndikusewera gulu limodzi motsutsana ndi linzake. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo losadziwika la zigawenga zamagulu zimachitidwadi ndi magulu omwe amathandizidwa ndi US ndi Britain. Kugawanikana kwamagulu ndi mafuko kunalipodi ku Iraq kusanachitike nkhondoyi, koma ntchitoyo yakula ndikuyaka. M'malo moletsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, kupezeka kwa US-British kumapangitsa kuti izi zitheke. Asilikali omwe ali pachiwopsezo alibe zovomerezeka, zolinga zawo zimakayikiridwa kwambiri ndipo sangathe kuchita ngati alonda amtendere, ngakhale atafuna.
Lingaliro lakuti ntchitoyo ikhoza kubweretsa bata, demokalase kapena chilungamo ku Iraq imanyalanyaza momwe ndi chifukwa chake asitikali aku US ndi Britain adafikako poyambirira, komanso zomwe maboma omwe adawatumiza kumeneko amafunikira. Izi zatsala kuti ziteteze boma logwirizana ndi kumadzulo komanso kulamulira chuma cha dera. Zolinga izi sizikugwirizana ndi zofuna za ma Iraqi. Kusalemekeza komweko kwa ufulu wa ma Iraqi ndi kuthekera kwawo kudziwa tsogolo lawo lomwe lidathandizira kuwukirako kumadziwitsa ntchitoyo, ndipo apitiliza kutero. Kuthetsa ntchitoyo sikungathetse mavuto onse aku Iraq, koma ndichinthu chofunikira kuti ma Iraqi agwirizane ndikumanganso.
Pambuyo pazaka makumi angapo za zilango zothandizidwa ndi akumadzulo ndi nkhondo, udindo wathu kwa anthu aku Iraq sizimathera pamenepo. Padzafunika pulogalamu yayikulu yobwezera. Koma izi sizingayambe mpaka titamaliza kuyesa kwa US-British kulamulira tsogolo la Iraq pogwiritsa ntchito zida.
Ambiri omwe amagwirizana ndi zonse zomwe tafotokozazi sadzachitabe zionetsero Loweruka chifukwa akhulupirira kuti boma la Blair (kapena boma lililonse) silingathe kuchita zionetsero. M'lingaliro lina, gulu lodana ndi nkhondo lakhala likuvutitsidwa ndi chipambano chakecho. โTinaguba mochuluka kwambiri kuposa kale lonse,โ anthu akutero, โkomabe anapita kunkhondo, komabe sanatimvere โ ndiye nโchifukwa chiyani kugubanso?โ
Ndilibe yankho losavuta la funsoli. Ndikufuna kunena kuti kwatsala pang'ono kuweruza kufunikira kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ziwonetsero zomwe zidachitika zaka zitatu zapitazo. Anthu omwe adachita nawo kampeni yopanda mgwirizano ku India m'zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30 adadikirira nthawi yayitali kuti apeze ufulu wodzilamulira. Panali zaka zisanu ndi zitatu za zionetsero ndipo oposa 2 miliyoni anafa nkhondo ya Vietnam isanathe. Komabe, ndikukayikira kuti mnzanga wachichepere, yemwe tsopano ali ndi zaka 19, sangakhudzidwe ndi mikangano yamtunduwu. Chimene ndikudziwa nโchakuti kusachita zionetsero kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mpata woti ndondomeko yoipa ipitirirebe kugwira ntchito, komanso kuti mavuto ambiri adzatuluka. Poganizira zomwe zikuchitika ku Iraq, ndikupatsidwa udindo wa boma lathu pa izi, kuguba Loweruka kumakhudzanso chikumbumtima.
www.mikemarquesee.com
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama