Nkhani yankhani idawonekera kumapeto kwa Januware - "Ecuador Kugulitsa Gawo Lachitatu Lankhalango Yake Yamvula ya Amazon Kwa Makampani Amafuta Aku China" - ndipo yawonekeranso mobwerezabwereza pa intaneti. Yolembedwa pamawebusayiti omwe akupita patsogolo monga Reader Supported News, Daily Kos, The PeoplesVoice.org ndi ThinkGlobalGreen.org, nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri imabwera ndi mamapu amadera omwe akhudzidwa, ndipo imaphatikizanso zithunzi za anthu amtundu womwe amakhala mwamtendere ndi chilengedwe kapena kutsutsa kukumba mafuta.
Pafupifupi nkhani zonsezi zimanena za nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa zaka zitatu zapitazo, mu Marichi 2013, mu magazini yaku Australia ya Business Insider:
"Ecuador ikukonzekera kugulitsa mahekitala mamiliyoni atatu mwa mahekitala 8.1 miliyoni a nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon kumakampani amafuta aku China," atero a Jonathan Kaiman a The Guardian. Ndipo, "Ecuador anali ndi ngongole ku China zoposa $ 7 biliyoni - kupitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a GDP yake - kuyambira chilimwe chatha. Mu 2009 China idayamba kubwereketsa Ecuador mabiliyoni a madola posinthana ndi kutumiza mafuta. Zinathandizanso kuthandizira ndalama zopangira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu kwambiri zopangira magetsi amadzi m'dzikolo, ndipo China National Petroleum Corp posachedwapa ikhoza kukhala ndi gawo la 30 peresenti m'makampani oyenga mafuta okwana madola 10 biliyoni ku Ecuador.”[1]
Nkhani yonseyi ikupereka mwayi kwa Adam Zuckerman wa bungwe la NGO lochokera ku United States la Amazon Watch kuti afotokoze nkhani yake yokhudza dziko la China lolamulira dziko la Ecuador, Purezidenti wa Ecuador Rafael Correa mofunitsitsa akugulitsa chilengedwe komanso anthu amtunduwu kuti alipire ngongole yake yaku China.
Vuto ndiloti nkhaniyi ndi yongopeka.
Nkhani yomweyi yodzudzula Correa ndi China chifukwa chothamangitsa anthu amtundu wawo mokakamiza ndikuwononga nkhalango chifukwa cha phindu lamafuta idawonekeranso mu June-Julayi 2015 - monga momwe ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi lingaliro la Correa lokweza misonkho kwa olemera zidachitika.
Business Insider imatenga nkhani yake yopha tizilombo kuchokera munkhani ina ya Guardian ya Marichi 2013, "Ecuador ikugulitsa malonda ku Amazon kupita kumakampani amafuta aku China".[2] Nkhaniyi ilibe umboni wotsimikizira zomwe akunena komanso imadaliranso mawu a Zuckerman.
Nkhani zonse ziwirizi sizikunena kuti Ecuador idagulitsadi nkhalango zazikulu za Amazon kumakampani aku China; iwo amati Ecuador “analinganiza” kugulitsa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nkhalango zake zamvula za Amazon, ngakhale kuti “ndondomeko” imeneyi sichirikizidwa ndi umboni uliwonse. Pafupifupi zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, palibe nkhalango yamvula yomwe imayenera kugulitsidwa ku China, koma nkhani yofananayi ikubwerezedwa.
Novembala watha, International Business Times inanena kuti ngongole yaku Ecuador yaku China idakwana $5 biliyoni, pomwe banki yayikulu idati ngongole yonse yakunja inali $20 biliyoni[3], zomwe zimapangitsa gawo la China kukhala kotala yokha. Ecuador ilinso ndi imodzi mwa ngongole zotsika kwambiri zakunja ku GDP (22.4%) ku Latin America.[4] Izi sizikutsimikizira kuti Ecuador ili pachiwopsezo ku China.
Nyuzipepala ya Guardian ili ndi mbiri yopereka malipoti achinyengo ku Ecuador. Christian Tym[5], Aliya Alwi[6] ndi Kazembe wa Ecuador ku Britain Carlos Abad[7] onse alankhulapo.
Zomwe zachitika ndikuti mu Januwale 2016 - zaka zitatu pambuyo pa nkhani ya Guardian - Ecuador idagulitsa ufulu wofufuza ku kampani yaku China kwa $ 80 miliyoni kuti ifufuze mafuta kudera la Amazon nthawi imodzi ndi theka kukula kwa Los Angeles. Kuti tifotokoze izi, kufufuza mafuta padziko lonse ndi bizinesi pafupifupi madola thililiyoni.[8]
Ndithudi Ecuador ili ndi ufulu wofufuza mafuta, monganso makampani aku China, omwe mosiyana ndi mabungwe akumadzulo amavomereza teknoloji ndi luso lamakono losamutsidwa kumayiko omwe amachita nawo bizinesi.
Poyerekeza, minda yamafuta a mchenga wa Alberta ndi 1500 kukula kwa malo ang'onoang'ono omwe Ecuador adatsegulidwa kuti akafufuze mafuta ku Yasuni. Kuphatikiza apo, Meyi watha Obama adavomereza kubowola mafuta ku Artic Sea, komwe migolo 20 biliyoni yamafuta ndi ma cubic feet 90 triliyoni a gasi wachilengedwe tsopano akupezeka mosavuta chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa ayezi ku Arctic.
Chifukwa chiyani tikuwona mobwerezabwereza nkhani zachinyengo zonena za Correa kupereka chilengedwe komanso anthu amtundu wawo ku ludzu lamafuta aku China? Iyi ndi kampeni yolimbana ndi Correa yomwe ikutsogozedwa ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma aku US monga Amazon Watch, omwe akuwononga mbiri yake yoyenera kukhala mtsogoleri polimbana kuti Chevron alipire milandu yawo yaku Ecuador. [9]
Pakhala pali kampeni yazaka zingapo yolimbana ndi Correa ndi China pobowola mafuta ku Amazon, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zofuna za eni eni omwe amakhala kumeneko. Komabe, monga momwe pulezidenti wakale Humberto Cholango wa chitaganya cha anthu a ku Ecuador, CONAIE ananenera, “Mitundu yambiri ya Amazonia imanena kuti “onani, ife ndife eni gawolo, ndipo inde tikufuna kuti ligwiritsiridwe ntchito.”[10] Iwo amapeza zimenezo. motsutsana ndi chidwi chawo chosiya chuma chamtengo wapatali chosakhudzidwa pamene anthu awo amapita opanda sukulu zokwanira, nyumba, misewu, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi ntchito.
Kampeni yolimbana ndi Correa iyi ikugwirizana ndi kupambana kwa mlandu wa Ecuador wotsutsana ndi Chevron kuti alipire ngongole ya $ 9.5 biliyoni chifukwa choipitsa dala mafuta m'dera lalikulu la Amazon. Kampani ya Chevron, yokhala ndi mphamvu zake monga bungwe lalikulu la mayiko osiyanasiyana, yamenya nkhondo mobwerezabwereza m'khoti, ngakhale kufunafuna kutengera kukhoti anthu 30,000 omwe anazunzidwa ndi maloya awo.[11]
Christian Tym ananenanso kuti, "Kuyambira Julian Assange anapatsidwa chitetezo, atolankhani akumadzulo ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma akhala akumenya kwaulere ku Ecuador."[12]
Kampeni ya Amazon Watch motsutsana ndi Correa
Amazon Watch yachita kampeni yosalekeza yotsutsana ndi Correa Citizens Revolution ku Ecuador.[13] Mu 2013, a Kumadzulo adatsutsa Yasuni Initiative ya Ecuador, njira yotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kuti mafuta a Yasuni asawonongeke ngati mayiko akumadzulo adabwezera Ecuador theka la mtengo wamafuta. Amazon Watch idagwiritsa ntchito kulephera kwa ntchitoyi osati kuwonetsa kuti maboma aku Western alibe chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa kutentha kwa dziko, koma kulengeza kuti, "Njira zotsutsana za Correa komanso kusayendetsa bwino ntchitoyo mwina ndiye kuthetsedwa kwake."[14]
Mwina nkhani yonyansa kwambiri ya Amazon Watch inali imodzi yomwe ikuchirikiza zionetsero zotsutsana ndi Correa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mapiko amanja mu Ogasiti 2015. mafuko awo anathetsedwa, monganso mmene maphunziro a zilankhulo ziŵiri azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, ntchito za umoyo, ndalama za zachuma, ndi ndale zadziko zinachitikira….Kulimbana kwachiwawa ndi nzika kunayamba ndipo kunachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asowe, kutsekeredwa m’ndende, kuzunzidwa, ndi kufa m’dziko lonselo.” [15]
Izi ndi zabodza mwadala, monga tikuwonera pazithunzi za ziwonetsero zomwe zikuwonetsa tsiku lomwelo akuukira apolisi pofuna kulanda nyumba ya Purezidenti.[16]
Sizikudziwika chifukwa chake Amazon Watch ikuchita nawo kampeni yotsutsa Correa, yomwe boma la US likufuna. Koma zikuwonekeratu kuti NGO iyi imadalira opereka ndalama omwe amathandizidwa ndi makampani, [17] ndi misika yopita kumakampani osankhika akasitomala kupita ku Amazon "yabwino" ndi "anthu ake."[18]
Zikuwonekeranso kuti olamulira aku US ali otanganidwa ndi kulimbana ndi China ngati mphamvu yokhayo padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikuwona ikuwopseza ulamuliro wake wapadziko lonse lapansi[19], chifukwa chachikulu cha mgwirizano wamalonda wotsutsana ndi China TransPacific Partnership (TPP). Ndipotu, China imapereka ngongole pa chiwongoladzanja chochepa, sichilowererapo pazochitika zapakati pa mayiko ena, imalemekeza njira za mayiko ena za chitukuko cha zachuma ndi ndale, ndipo imalimbikitsa mgwirizano wa South-South monga chotsutsana ndi Western hegemony. Sizingakhale mwangozi kuti Amazon Watch - kapena Guardian - ikuwonetsa dziko la China ngati mtsamunda watsopano, ngati mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya kwachilengedwe ndi ufulu wa anthu omwe amati ndi Correa.
Stansfield Smith ndi nthumwi ya Chicago ALBA Solidarity Committee, wotsogolera tsamba la Facebook "Friends of Ecuador -North America", mtsogoleri wa Komiti yakale ya Chicago Yomasula Cuban 5, wakhala pa nthumwi ku Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia. mu 2015.
zolemba
[1] http://www.businessinsider.com.au/ecuador-selling-its-rainforest-to-china-2013-3
[2] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/ecuador-chinese-oil-bids-amazon
[3] http://www.brecorder.com/markets/equity/americas/267764-ecuador-vows-to-pay-debt-for-first-time-ever.html
[4] http://www.elciudadano.gob.ec/ecuador-es-uno-de-los-paises-latinoamericanos-con-menor-deuda-externa/
[5] http://www.importantcool.com/murder-amazon-guardians-quest-correa/#more-1634
[6] http://www.importantcool.com/six-ways-the-guardian-is-wrong-about-ecuador-again/
[7] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/27/the-right-to-protest-in-ecuador-is-absolutely-granted?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Copy_to_clipboard
[8] http://www.reuters.com/article/oil-explorers-idUSL6N0PL2VD20140710
[9] http://amazonwatch.org/news/2016/0121-ecuadorian-villagers-ask-un-to-block-chevron-from-attacking-human-rights-defenders
[10] http://lalineadefuego.info/2014/04/11/entrevista-a-humberto-cholango-dios-la-naturaleza-y-las-fuerzas-de-los-espiritus-de-los-lideres-van -a-proteger-para-que-la-conaie-no-caiga-en-manos-de-la-derecha/
[11] https://www.greenleft.org.au/node/60984
[12] https://znetwork.org/znetarticle/why-there-is-a-progressive-case-to-drill-baby-drill-in-ecuador/
[13] http://www.telesurtv.net/english/analysis/Ecuadors-Citizens-Revolution-Transformed-a-Nation–20150113-0022.html
[14] http://amazonwatch.org/news/2013/0816-ecuador-president-pulls-plug-on-innovative-yasuni-itt-initiative
[15] http://amazonwatch.org/news/2015/0819-ecuadorian-government-violates-human-rights-and-the-constitution
[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKcZnH0-zAo
[17] http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Amazon_Watch
[18] http://www.wrongkindofgreen.org/category/non-profit-industrial-complex-organizations/organizations/amazon-watch/
[19] http://monthlyreview.org/2015/09/01/dangerous-circumstances/
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