Masabata awiri apitawa onse a Wall Street Journal ndi Financial Times adalemba nkhani zamasamba akutsogolo za milandu yotsutsana ndi Medco, kampani yaza Merck & Co. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi kafukufuku wa Medco wokhudza kuphwanya malamulo oletsa kukhulupilika, kuteteza ogula ndi malayisensi a pharmacy ndi akuluakulu a boma osachepera 25. Woimira boma pamilandu ku Philadelphia, a Patrick Meehan adati: milanduyi ikuwonetsa kuti, kwinakwake pamzerewu, cholinga chake chinali phindu m'malo mwa wodwala. (FT, June 24, 2003)
Penapake motsatira bungwe la capitalist linasankha phindu kuposa wodwala.? Imitsani makina osindikizira. Izi ndi zonyansa. Bungwe lopanga phindu, Medco, likuimbidwa mlandu woponya zikhalidwe pawindo kuti liyang'ane pakuwonjezera kubweza kwake pazachuma.
Kodi tiyenera kudabwa kuti mankhwala ambiri amayendetsedwa ndi chidwi chofanana ndi chuma chathu chonse chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi phindu? Ngati titero, ndichifukwa choti timapanga zomwe timakhulupirira kuti mankhwala ndi okhudza machiritso ndi kulimbikitsa kumakampani azachipatala. Timayiwala kuti chifukwa chokhacho chomwe chipatala chamasiku ano chikuwoneka ngati chaumunthu pang'ono ndi chifukwa cha zovuta za anthu wamba pazamankhwala azachipatala. Timanyalanyaza mfundo yoti makampani azachipatala, monga mabizinesi a capitalist nthawi zonse, amapangidwa kuti apange ndalama mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wamunthu, chikhalidwe kapena chilengedwe.
Makampani azachipatala sanyalanyaza zinthu zomwe zimapha.
Masabata awiri apitawa, Guidant Corp, m'modzi mwa opanga zida zazikulu kwambiri zachipatala adavomera milandu 10, kuvomereza kuti adanamizira boma ndikubisa masauzande amavuto azaumoyo, kuphatikiza kufa kwa 12, komwe kudachitika chifukwa chimodzi mwazinthu zake (NY Times June 13) . Chakumapeto kwa May, nyuzipepala ya NY Times inasimba kuti mkati mwa ma 1980 kampani yopanga mankhwala ya Bayer inagulitsa mamiliyoni a madola a mankhwala otsekereza magazi a anthu otaya magazi, mankhwala amene anali ndi ngozi yaikulu yopatsira AIDS, ku Asia ndi Lain America. Anagulitsa mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa kwa chaka choposa pamene akugulitsa mankhwala atsopano, otetezeka kumadzulo. (Meyi 22)
Mabungwe azachipatala amabera boma ngati n'kotheka.
Magawo azachipatala a Tenet adatsika ndi 26% mpaka $ 12 kuchokera pamtengo wapamwamba wa $ 50 mu Okutobala. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti Tenet ikufufuzidwa chifukwa, phindu lake lalikulu m'zaka zaposachedwa limachokera ku malipiro apadera ochokera ku Medicare. Mwa kutsata lamulo la kukwezera mitengo mwaukali pazipatala zake zina, Tenet anasangalala ndi chiลตerengero chachilendo cha malipiro apadera ameneลตa. (NY Times, Juni 24)
Zipatala zapadera zimatengera mwayi kwa omwe alibe mphamvu.
Zipatala zaku America nthawi zonse zimalipira omwe alibe inshuwaransi pamtengo wokwera kuposa omwe ali ndi inshuwaransi kuti alandire chithandizo chomwecho. Malinga ndi a KB Forbes omwe ali ndi gulu lolandirira alendo lopanda inshuwaransi ya Consejo de Latinos Unidos, Tenet Healthcare Corp., chipatala chachiลตiri chachikulu kwambiri ku USA, amalipira odwala omwe alibe inshuwaransi kuwirikiza katatu mpaka 10 kuposa ma HMO. (Wall Street Journal, June 19)
Makampani a zipatala amakakamiza maboma kuti azichita zinthu mwachinsinsi mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wa munthu.
Boma la Liberal lokonda bizinesi ku British Columbia (Canada) likuyesera kupanga zipatala zaboma. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku waposachedwapa mโmagazini a Canadian Medical Association Journal ndi Journal of the American Medical Association akusonyeza kuti odwala amatha kufa msanga mโzipatala ndiponso mโzipatala zongofuna kupeza phindu kusiyana ndi mโmalo osapeza phindu (Globe and Mail). Juni 16).
Chifundo chamakampani azachipatala ndichofunika pazachuma.
Kuchuluka kwa zonena za kusokonekera kwachipatala kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Zikukhala zosavuta kulembetsa madandaulo okhudzana ndi kusamalidwa bwino ndikupempha mayankho okhudza kuvulala kapena imfa yosayembekezereka. Chifukwa chake kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti suti zambiri zoyipa zimabweretsedwa osati chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa za chithandizo koma chifukwa odwala ndi mabanja awo adawona kuti azachipatala adanama kapena kuyesa kuwaponya miyala pambuyo pake. (Wall Street Journal, June 19) Ma HMO atatha zaka zambiri akuwukiridwa chifukwa chokhazikitsa zopinga kwa odwala kupeza akatswiri ndi mayeso achipatala, aganiza zokakamiza odwala kuti ayesedwe kwambiri ndikuwona akatswiri. Cholinga: kunyengerera, kunyengerera ndi kukakamiza odwala kuti apite kukaonana ndi madokotala, kudzaza malangizo komanso kudzisamalira bwino. Lingaliro ndiloti wodwala wathanzi adzakhala wodwala wotsika mtengo, ngakhale zitakhala ndalama zowonjezera patsogolo. (Wall Street Journal, June 17)
Makampani opanga mankhwala amakula bwino akamamwa motsogola.
Makampani opanga mankhwala amalimbikitsa kuti azitha kutsatsa malonda awo mopanda malire, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira za thanzi lawo. Pakadali pano, Pharma yayikulu ikukakamiza maboma aku Canada ndi Europe kuti aletse kutsatsa kwachindunji kwa ogula monga momwe zimakhalira ku US. Ngakhale umboni ukuwonetsa kuti zotsatsa za DTC zimakakamiza madokotala kuti alembe ndikuwononga ubale wa dokotala/odwala. Momwemonso, amachulukitsa kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe alibe mgwirizano wabwino ndi moyo wamunthu. Mwachitsanzo, anthu aku America ndi omwe ali ndi mapiritsi akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi koma amamwalira achichepere kuposa okhala m'maiko ena otukuka (mwamwayi US ndi dziko lotukuka lomwe lili ndi chidwi chachikulu kwambiri m'mabungwe azaumoyo, osatchulanso anthu onse.)
Zothandizira zopulumutsa moyo ndi za omwe angakwanitse kulipira.
Chaka chilichonse anthu 14 miliyoni amafa ndi matenda omwe mankhwala ake alipo koma osafikirika (National Post, June 2). Kampani ya ku France, Aventis, yomwe mu 1995 inasiya kupanga mankhwala omwe anali othandiza polimbana ndi matenda ogona chifukwa chakuti sanali. profitable, waiyambitsanso atazindikira kuti inalinso yothandiza pochotsa tsitsi la amayi. (Guardian Weekly, June 5)
Kafukufuku wachipatala amayang'ana kwambiri zomwe zili zopindulitsa.
Pali kusalingana kwakukulu kwapadziko lonse kwazinthu zaumoyo. Akuluakulu azaumoyo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti 10/90 gap. Kwenikweni, 10% olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amalandira 90% ya ndalama zonse zofufuza zaumoyo, pomwe osauka 90% amangolandira 10%. Malinga ndi MSF [Medecin Sans Frontieres], matenda onyalanyaza, omwe amawopseza miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, makamaka ku Africa, adawerengedwa mu 2002 chifukwa cha ndalama zosachepera 0.001% za $ 60-70bn zomwe zinathera chaka pa kafukufuku wamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi. (Guardian Weekly June 5) Malinga ndi cholinga cha phindu 90% ya anthu ndi yamtengo wapatali.
Malingana ngati zofuna za capitalist zikulamulira kukhazikitsidwa kwachipatala, phindu osati thanzi laumunthu lidzayendetsa dongosololi. Monga gulu lolemekezeka lomwe Metallica adanenera, izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni koma zoona.
yves engler ndi womenyera ufulu waku Montreal yemwe pano akugwira ntchito yolemba buku lonena zachitetezo cha ophunzira ku yunivesite ya Concordia. Iye akhoza kufikiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
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