Washington - Pakati pa malipoti akuti akuluakulu a pulezidenti wa US George W. Bush akuganiza zochitira mwankhanza asilikali achi Islam omwe ali ndi zida kumadzulo kwa Pakistani, kafukufuku watsopano watulutsidwa pano Lolemba wasonyeza kuti kuyesayesa koteroko kungatsutsidwe ndi anthu ambiri aku Pakistani omwe.
Kafukufukuyu, yemwe adathandizidwa ndi quasi-governmental US Institute of Peace (USIP) ndipo adapangidwa ndi University of Maryland's Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA), adapezanso kuti ambiri amphamvu aku Pakistani amaganizira za kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US ku Asia komanso. Afghanistan ndi chiwopsezo chovuta kwambiri ku dziko lawo kuposa gulu la al Qaeda kapena gulu la Taliban la Pakistan lomwe lili m'magawo amtundu wamalire ndi Afghanistan.
80 peresenti yokha ya omwe adafunsidwa adati boma la Pakistan liyenera kuloleza US kapena asitikali akunja kuti alowe ku Pakistan kuti akathamangitse kapena kulanda omenyera a al Qaeda, poyerekeza ndi 900 peresenti yomwe idati izi siziyenera kuloledwa, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu. pa zokambirana zakuya za anthu a ku Pakistani oposa 19 mโmizinda XNUMX pakati pa mwezi wa September.
Zotsatira zake, kafukufukuyu sanaganizire za zovuta zomwe zachitika ku Pakistan kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kuphatikiza boma ladzidzidzi la masabata asanu ndi limodzi lomwe Purezidenti Pervez Musharraf adalengeza, kuchotsedwa kwa Khothi Lalikulu, kubwerera kwawo ku ukapolo wakale. nduna zazikulu Benazir Bhutto ndi Nawaz Sharif, ndi kuphedwa kwa Bhutto pa Disembala 27 zomwe zapangitsa kuti zisankho zanyumba yamalamulo zichedwe kuyambira pa Januware 8 mpaka mwezi wamawa.
Momwe zochitikazi zidakhudzanso malingaliro a anthu ku Pakistan pazambiri zomwe zidachitika mu kafukufukuyu - makamaka ku Pakistani Taliban, m'modzi mwa atsogoleri awo, Baitullah Mehsud, akuimbidwa mlandu ndi boma kuti adapha Bhutto - sangathe. kudziwika.
Koma malingaliro omwe adawululidwa mu kafukufukuyu, makamaka ku US, angapereke chitonthozo chochepa kwa olamulira, omwe achita mantha kwambiri ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa ku Pakistan, makamaka imfa ya Bhutto, kukana kwa asitikali aku Pakistani kutenga a Taliban, ndi malipoti anzeru akuti al Qaeda ndi othandizana nawo akuderali, kuphatikiza a Taliban, alimbikira kusokoneza boma.
Lamlungu, nyuzipepala ya New York Times idatulutsa nkhani yakutsogolo yokhudza msonkhano wa White House Lachisanu pomwe akuluakulu, kuphatikiza Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Dick Cheney ndi Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, akuti adakangana zokakamiza Musharraf ndi utsogoleri wake watsopano wankhondo kuti alole Central Intelligence. Agency (CIA) ndi US Special Operations Forces (SOF) kuti igwire ntchito zobisalira zotsutsana ndi zomwe zasankhidwa ku Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), madera omwe amakhala odziyimira pawokha omwe akhala akulamuliridwa kwambiri ndi a Taliban aku Pakistani omwe adakhalapo. posachedwapa adakulitsa chikoka chawo ku Northwest Frontier Province. US pakadali pano ili ndi asitikali pafupifupi 50 ku Pakistan omwe amagwira ntchito mwaupangiri komanso wanzeru.
Ngakhale akuluakulu aboma akuti akukhulupirira kuti zomwe zachitika posachedwa zakakamiza a Musharraf ndi asitikali kuti akufunika thandizo lotere kuti athetse ziwopsezo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira za Taliban-al Qaeda, akatswiri amderali mkati ndi kunja kwa oyang'anira ati kulowererapo koteroko kungawonongenso dziko. zomwe zinayambitsa zomwe Times idatcha "kubwereranso kwakukulu" motsutsana ndi US ndi boma lililonse lomwe limawoneka kuti likuchita nawo.
Ngakhale kuti kwatha pafupifupi miyezi inayi kuchokera pamene kafukufuku wa USIP-PIPA adachitika, zomwe apezazo zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi ulosi womalizawu.
Ngakhale kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti ambiri mwa anthu aku Pakistani ali ndi malingaliro oyipa achisilamu opitilira muyeso, kuphatikiza a Taliban ndi al Qaeda, ndipo amakana mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa kwa anthu wamba, malingaliro awo a United States ndi zolinga zake ku Pakistan akuwoneka kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri. odana ndi osakhulupirira.
Okwana 84 peresenti adati kupezeka kwa asitikali aku US mderali kunali "kovuta" (72 peresenti) kapena "chofunikira" (12 peresenti) kuwopseza "zokonda za Pakistan".
Poyerekeza, 53 peresenti ya omwe anafunsidwa adanena kuti amakhulupirira kuti mikangano ndi India - yomwe Pakistan yamenyana nayo nkhondo zingapo - inali "chiwopsezo chachikulu"; 41 peresenti adatcha al Qaeda ngati "chiwopsezo chachikulu"; 34 peresenti amaika "zochita za zigawenga zachisilamu ndi a Taliban akumaloko" m'gulu lomwelo.
Atafunsidwa kuti asankhe pamndandanda wa zolinga za US m'derali, 78 peresenti adatchula chikhumbo cha Washington "chofuna kusunga mafuta ku Middle East" (59 peresenti adanena kuti "ndichotsimikizika" cholinga, 19 peresenti adanena "mwinamwake." "); 75 peresenti (53 peresenti โmotsimikizirikaโ anatchula โkufalitsa Chikristuโ; ndipo 86 peresenti (70 peresenti "ndithudi") adanena "kufooketsa ndi kugawa dziko lachisilamu". Ndi 63 peresenti yokha (41 peresenti "ndithudi") adasankha njira "yoletsa kuukira kowonjezereka monga kunachitika pa World Trade Center mu September 2001."
Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri omwe adafunsidwa adati amakhulupirira kuti US ikuwongolera "zambiri" (32 peresenti) kapena "pafupifupi onse" (24 peresenti) pazochitika zazikulu zaposachedwa zomwe zachitika ku Pakistan, poyerekeza ndi 22 peresenti yomwe akuti "ena" " kulamulira kwa US ndi anayi peresenti omwe adanena "zochepa kwambiri". XNUMX peresenti anakana kuyankha.
Ponena za mgwirizano wachitetezo ku Pakistan-US, osakwana m'modzi mwa anthu asanu omwe adafunsidwa adati zidathandiza Pakistan makamaka kapena onse mofanana. Makumi anayi ndi anayi mwa anthu 11 alionse ananena kuti anapindula kwambiri ku US; ndipo anthu XNUMX pa XNUMX alionse ananena kuti palibe chipani chimene chinapindula.
Kusakhulupirira kwa US, komabe, sikunatanthauze kuthandizira Asilamu amphamvu, a Taliban, kapena al Qaeda, malinga ndi kafukufukuyu. Ngakhale kuti amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri kuposa US, asanu ndi mmodzi mwa khumi omwe anafunsidwa adanena kuti amaona kuti a Taliban ndi al Qaeda ndi "ovuta" kapena "ofunikira" ku Pakistan.
Ndipo ngakhale akuluakulu akuluakulu amatsutsa kulowererapo kulikonse kwa US kapena mayiko akunja motsutsana ndi magulu awiriwa ku Pakistan, ambiri omwe akuyandikira 50 peresenti adanena kuti athandizira gulu lankhondo la Pakistani lolowa mu FATA kuti ligwire omenyana ndi al Qaeda kapena zigawenga za Taliban zomwe zadutsa kuchokera ku Afghanistan.
Magulu ambiri ofananirako adati amakomera kusiya malamulo apadera a FATA ndikuphatikiza madera ake m'malamulo onse adzikolo, komanso amakonda kutenga njira yomaliza yomwe imaphatikizapo kukambirana ndi a Taliban akumaloko pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo kukakamiza boma.
Kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti boma lili ndi thandizo lalikulu lozikidwa pa โmfundo zachisilamuโ komanso mfundo za demokalase, kuphatikizapo makhoti odziyimira pawokha komanso otsogozedwa ndi nthumwi zosankhidwa. Ngakhale asanu ndi mmodzi mwa khumi omwe adafunsidwa adati amathandizira gawo lalikulu la malamulo achisilamu, kapena Shari'a, pamalamulo aku Pakistan, ndi 10 peresenti yokha yomwe idati ikufuna kuwona zambiri "Talibanisation of daily life", mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma media aku Pakistani kutanthauza. kusamala kwambiri zachipembedzo.
Zowonadi, oposa asanu ndi atatu mwa 10 adanena kuti ndikofunikira kuti Pakistan iteteze zipembedzo zazing'ono; opitilira atatu mwa anayi adati kuwukira kwa anthu ang'onoang'ono "sikumveka konse"; ndipo pafupifupi aลตiri mwa atatu ananena kuti amachirikiza mapulani a boma olamulira masukulu achipembedzo, kapena kuti madrasa, kuwakakamiza kuphunzitsa maphunziro akudziko, monga masamu ndi sayansi. Anthu 17 okha pa XNUMX alionse ananena kuti amatsutsa kusintha kumeneku.
Nthawi zambiri, omwe adafunsidwa omwe adathandizira kukulitsa Sharia ndi boma potengera "mfundo zachisilamu" nawonso adakonda kutsata mfundo za demokalase komanso kusintha kwamaphunziro pamlingo wapamwamba kuposa ena.
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