30 October 2010
Wokondedwa Purezidenti Calderón,
December watha, khothi la Inter-American Court on Human Rights (IACHR) linalamula boma la Mexico kuti lifufuze mokwanira za kutha kwa Rosendo Radilla Pacheco ku Atoyac de Álvarez pa Ogasiti 26, 1974.
Kwa kampeni ya chowonadi ndi chilungamo, motsogozedwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa Mr Radilla, Tita (woteteza ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Mexico Association of Relatives of Detained, Disappeared and Victims of Human Rights Violations (AFADEM)) dziko la Mexico lomwe lidayankha milandu yakale linali labwino kwambiri, ngakhale lidachedwa, chitukuko. Ndithudi, kwa awo okhudzidwa ndi mkhalidwe wa ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Mexico ndi padziko lonse lapansi, chigamulo cha Khotilo chinali chipambano chophiphiritsira ndi chotsimikizirika polimbana ndi kupanda chilango kwa asilikali ndi ndale.
Tikayang'ana m'mbuyo, zikuwoneka kuti chiyembekezo choterocho chinali cholakwika. Khotilo lidalamula boma la Mexico kuti lifufuze mokwanira komanso mozama za kutha kwa a Radilla pansi pa khoti lamilandu. Mpaka pano, boma limene lilipo silinachite zimenezi. Lidalamulanso asitikali kuti asinthe malamulo ake okhudza chilungamo chankhondo, makamaka nkhani 57, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti asitikali omwe akuphwanya ufulu wa anthu alibe chilango. Izi zitha kubweretsa chilungamo chankhondo ku Mexico kuti chigwirizane ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mofananamo, linalamula kuti makhoti a asilikali achotsedwe pamilandu yophwanya ufulu wa anthu komanso kuti dziko la Mexico litsatire lamulo la Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons. Khothi lidalamula kuti boma likhazikitse chikumbutso cha a Rosendo Radilla pakatikati pa Atoyac de Álvarez. Linalamula kuti zibwezedwe kubanja la a Radilla komanso mabungwe a boma zomwe zidawononga ndalama zobweretsa mlanduwu kukhoti.
Mwachidule, uwu unali mwayi woti boma lanu liyese njira yoyanjanitsa zolakwa za omwe adalipo kale ndikuyambitsa malo omasuka ndi oona mtima. Komabe, pazonse, boma la Mexico silinatsatire.
Khotilo linaumirira kuti kusowa kwa Rosendo Radilla sikunali chochitika chokhachokha kapena kuyang'anira kapena kulakwitsa kwa asilikali omwe anamumanga mu 1974. M'malo mwake, kusowa kwa Mr Radilla kunali mbali ya ndawala mwadongosolo mu 1960s ndi 1970s. kuthetsa magulu a anthu wamba ndi mabungwe a zigawenga omwe akufuna kutukuka kwa moyo wawo komanso kutenga nawo mbali pademokalase pazandale. M'chigawo cha Guerrero chokha, akuluakulu aboma adasowa anthu pafupifupi 650, pomwe mdziko muno anthu pafupifupi 1200 sanawonekerenso. Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, funso lakuti, ‘Ali kuti?’, silidzatha. Monga mukudziwira, komanso monga momwe Bwalo lamilandu lidanenera molondola, kufufuza mosamalitsa zakusowa kwa munthu m'modzi kumatanthawuza kupenda nkhani yomwe izi zidachitikira. Kulephera kutero ndiko kupitiriza kutukwana ndi kunyozetsa anthu amene anazunzidwa, kuphedwa kapena kuzimiririka pankhondo yonyansa.
Tita Radilla adayendera United Kingdom chaka chatha kuti adziwitse za zovuta za omenyera ufulu wa anthu komanso omenyera ufulu wa anthu komanso ndale - zakale ndi zamakono - ku Mexico. Pachifukwa chimenechi ulendo wake unali wopambana kwambiri. Adayendera mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe padziko lonse lapansi, monga Peace Brigades International ndi Amnesty International, adakamba nkhani pamasukulu aku yunivesite, adakumana ndi a MP aku Britain, Law Lords, nduna ya Latin America, maloya, oweruza ndi atolankhani. Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, nkhani iliyonse pankapezeka anthu ambiri amene ankakonda ku Mexico komanso pa nkhani za ufulu wachibadwidwe.
Paulendo wake, ambiri aife tidayesa kulingalira zowawa ndi chisoni chosaneneka chomwe wachibale wawo adasowa mokakamiza - popanda kufotokoza, kufufuza kapena kuyankha mlandu - ziyenera kuyimira. Chifukwa zowawa zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa achibale a omwe adasowa, zomwe zanenedwanso ndi lipoti la Khothi, ndi mlandu wopitilira, komabe womwe utsogoleri wapano walephera kuchitapo kanthu. Potengera zomwe tafotokozazi, potengera chowonadi ndi chilungamo komanso za boma lanu, ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muzitsatira zigamulo zoperekedwa ndi IACHR komanso kutsatira ndime 13 ya Constitution ya Mexico.
Nkhani zaposachedwa zonena kuti boma likuganiza zosintha ulamuliro wankhondo zikadakhala kuti zitasintha kwambiri mkhalidwe waposachedwa wa kupanda chilungamo ndi kupanda chilungamo. Komabe, njira zomwe zaperekedwazi sizithandiza chilichonse kugwetsa nyumba zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe nkhanza kwa anthu wamba zomwe zidachitidwa ndi asitikali. Malingalirowa akukayikitsa kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito ndime 57 ya Code of Military Justice, yomwe yatsimikizira kuti anthu ophwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe sangayimbidwe mlandu.
Malingalirowa amalola kuti milandu yothawa mokakamiza, kuzunzidwa komanso kugwiriridwa ndi asitikali aperekedwe ku khoti la anthu. Zina zonse zophwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe, malinga ndi malangizo omwe aperekedwa, zipitilira kufufuzidwa ndi makhoti ankhondo. Kupha anthu popanda chilolezo, kutsekeredwa m'ndende popanda chifukwa, kuchitira nkhanza akaidi, kupha anthu, milandu yolimbana ndi anthu, kusokoneza umboni ndi kulepheretsa kufufuza zifufuzidwe ndikuweruzidwa ndi bungwe lomwelo lomwe linaphwanya milanduyo.
Ngakhale kuti lamuloli likuwoneka kuti likuwonetsa kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa milandu yosowa mokakamizidwa, kuzunzidwa ndi kugwiriridwa, kwenikweni palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti izi zisintha momwe zinthu ziliri. M'malo mwake, woimira boma pamilandu adzawona zotsatira zake ngati mtundu wa mlanduwo ukuyenera kusamutsidwa ku bungwe loona zachilungamo. Monga momwe Amnesty International yanenera, pamilandu itatu yomwe IACHR idagamula Mexico, ya Rosendo Radilla Pacheco, Fernández Ortega ndi Rosendo Cantú, 'woimira boma pamilandu adalephera kupeza umboni woti apitirire nawo omwe adakhudzidwa ndendende pamilandu yophatikizika. , kuzunzidwa ndi kugwiriridwa'. Mofananamo, 'm'milandu ina yolembedwa ndi Amnesty International yokhudza asilikali omwe anapalamula milandu monga kupha munthu mopanda chiweruzo, kuzunza ndi kuchititsa kuti anthu azisowa, woimira boma pa mlandu wa asilikali anakana kuvomereza umboni wa milandu yoteroyo.'[1]
Ku Nyumba ya Senate, mudapereka malingalirowo ngati umboni wa kudzipereka kwa boma lanu pakupeza ufulu wachibadwidwe, koma lamuloli lidzasungabe momwe zinthu zilili zomvetsa chisoni. Chifukwa chiyani kulola kuti milandu yosowa mokakamiza, kugwiriridwa ndi kuzunzidwa, yomwe idadziwika nthawi ya kuponderezana kwandale komwe tsopano imadziwika kuti nkhondo yonyansa, kufufuzidwa ndi woimira boma pamilandu? Kodi tiyenera kukhulupirira kuti gulu lankhondo lomwe lingathe kuchita zolakwa zotere liyenera kukhala ndi udindo wofufuza? Icho sichinali chitsanzo choyenera m'mbuyomo, ndipo, ngati tikhulupirira malipoti a mabungwe akuluakulu a ufulu wa anthu, ndithudi sizoyenera masiku ano.
Ngati kulemekeza lamulo ndiko kufotokoza kwa akuluakulu a boma, kodi kulephera kumvera chigamulo cha IACHR sikulepheretsa zolinga za boma zomwe zalengezedwa? Kodi sizikuwulula kuti, patatha zaka 36 Rosendo Radilla atasowa, mwana wake wamkazi ayenera kutsagana ndi omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe padziko lonse lapansi kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chake? Monga Ms Radilla adandiuza za nyengo yomwe ili pano - momwe mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe kwa anthu wamba ku Mexico kuyambira pomwe mudatenga udindo mu 2006 - kulemekeza ufulu wachibadwidwe lero ndikoyipa, ngati sikuli koyipa, kuposa nthawi ya nkhondo yauve. Zikuoneka kuti n'chifukwa chokulirapo, kupenda zolakwa zakale kuti tichepetse zamasiku ano ndi kupewa zamtsogolo.
modzipereka,
Dr Peter Watt
Peter Watt amaphunzitsa ndikufufuza Maphunziro a Latin America ku Yunivesite ya Sheffield.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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