"KODI anali ndi zowawa zake kale?" Siward akufunsa za mwana wake wophedwa ku Macbeth.
Akufuna kudziwa ngati mabala a mwana wake adatsimikizira kuti anali kumenyana ndi ma Goons a Macbeth pamene anamwalira, kapena ngati - atabayidwa kumbuyo - anali akuthawa.
Macbeth akanatha kukhala wolamulira wankhanza ku Middle East, wokonda mphamvu, kupha adani ake, kupondereza anthu ake mothandizidwa ndi mkazi wankhanza komanso wankhanza. Ndipo al-Qaida, pankhondo zake ndi adani ake osakhulupirira - aku Russia, America, Israel, West ndi Arab potentates omwe amachita, kapena adachita, zomwe tikufuna - sathawa. Mabala awo ankhondo ndi mbali ya umunthu wawo.
Osama bin Laden adandinyadira za zipsera za zipolopolo zaku Russia zomwe zidawotchedwa m'thupi lake ku Afghanistan - zitatu zonse - ndipo mtsogoleri wa Taliban Mullah Omar, yemwe adavala chovala cha Mneneri ku Kandahar, wakhala akusangalala nthawi zonse m'diso lomwe adataya adani ake. Ndipo tsopano tili ndi Mokhtar Belmokhtar ndi diso lina lotayika kwa adani a Mulungu.
Cyclops uyu samavala chigamba chobisa chilonda chake. Kodi idawomberedwa ndi pro-Western "mujahedin" ku Afghanistan atachoka Soviet? Kapena amawombedwa ndi nkhope yake pamene "akuyendetsa molakwika" zophulika panthawi ya nkhondo, pamene Belmokhtar ndi abwenzi ake anali adakali ngwazi, ofanana ndi athu - kamodzi, pamaso pa Ronald Reagan - a Oyambitsa Abambo?
Tsopano amabisala mkati - kapena amapambana, ngati mumakhulupirira zomwe mukuuzidwa - Mali. Al-Qa'ida wabwereranso, koma msilikali wankhondo waku Algeria uyu ndi chizindikiro chochititsa chidwi cha njira yomwe Osama bin Laden adawonongeka tsopano. Kwa mbiri ya nkhondo ya Belmokhtar ya ku Afghan yasokonezedwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali mwankhanza pankhondo yoyipa ya 1990s ndi boma lankhondo mdziko lake - adabadwira mumzinda wa Ghardaia ku Algeria zaka 40 zapitazo - komanso chifukwa cha ziphuphu zomwe zakhudza Asilamu ambiri aku North Africa. zigawenga.
Pamene anapita ku Afghanistan, anali ndi zaka 19 zokha; pamene iye anamenyana mofanana ankhanza ochirikiza boma paramilitaries mu Algeria, iye anaphunzira kuti nkhondo si kwenikweni kutha, kuti chipambano zimatheka mwa manyazi adani anu, osati kugonjetsa asilikali.
Koma Belmokhtar anali mwana wa mbiri ya dziko lake. Wobadwa pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene atsamunda aku France adachoka ku Algeria, adakula akulankhula chilankhulo cha omwe kale anali opondereza dziko lake. Chifalansa chake chinali changwiro, ndipo azungu ochepa omwe adakumana naye - nthawi zambiri ngati akapolo ake - adayenera kukumbukira bwino. Kalashnikov ali pamapazi ake, Belmokhtar amawerenga Koran - chithunzi chagalasi cha Bin Laden - monga mtsogoleri wa al-Qa'ida mu Islamic Maghreb ndipo, atasiya maudindo awo patapita nthawi yaitali atagonjetsedwa ku Algeria, monga wophika. a al-Muwaqqiun bil Dima, movutikira koma moziziritsa kumasuliridwa kuti "Omwe Amasaina Ndi Magazi". Iwo omwe apulumuka nkhanza zomwe zidachitika pamalo opangira mafuta ku Amenas sabata yatha - ndipo, ndikuganiza, omwe sanapulumuke - adapeza zomwe zikutanthauza.
Mu kanema, Belmokhtar walankhula za kulimbana ndi kusakhulupirira - mwa kuyankhula kwina, ife, Kumadzulo - kufunikira kwa malamulo a Chisilamu ndi polojekiti ya Chisilamu kumpoto kwa Mali. Iye ndi munthu wodabwitsa kwambiri kuti asazindikire kuti kuzunzika kwa Mali kumachokera kumpoto kwa Tuareg-Berber-Arabophone kwa zaka makumi ambiri kukana kulamulidwa ndi boma lakuda kumwera, koma adakopeka - monga Bin Laden ku Afghanistan - ku Afghanistan. dziko lomwe mphamvu zapakati zinali zofooka kapena kulibe. Pamene magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe adalemba zilango zowopsa za Chisilamu - kuphedwa, kudula ziwalo, kuponderezedwa kwa amayi; mndandandawu ndi wodziwika bwino - adalankhula za sharia yomwe idadyetsa osauka, idakhazikitsa chilungamo pakati pa Asilamu, ndi ufulu wofanana.
Andrew Lebovich, wofufuza za ku Africa ku Dakar, adawonetsa kuti jihadism ya Belmokhtar ingakhale yeniyeni, ngakhale kuti akugwira nawo ntchito yozembetsa ndi kugulitsa malonda, komanso kuti zomwe adanena pagulu ziyenera kuphunziridwa ndi kutengedwa mozama. Kumpoto kwa Mali kunaopsezedwa ndi "mitundu yakumadzulo ya Crusader, makamaka France", Belmokhtar adalengeza, ndipo zigawenga zidzamenyedwa "m'nyumba zawo", ndi "kutentha kwa mabala" m'maiko awo, ndipo zofuna zawo zidzawukira. Apa, ndithudi, panali chenjezo la Ku Amenasi. Ulosi, tinene kodi?
Belmokhtar adapereka moni kwa Mullah Omar, mtsogoleri wa Taliban, ndi wolowa m'malo wa Bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri, "emir wolimbikira". Mwanjira ina, anali kutsimikiziranso kukhulupirika kwake ku mfundo zoyambirira za al-Qa'ida. Koma vuto - lomwe ife Kumadzulo timakana kulimvetsa - ndiloti al-Qa'ida mwiniwake wasintha. Masiku omwe bungwe lowopsali lidafuna utsogoleri wapadziko lonse wa Chisilamu adapita kale. Kudzutsidwa kwa Aarabu - kuukira kwakukulu kwa Arabu motsutsana ndi utsogoleri wankhanza - kunatembenuza Bin Laden kukhala munthu wadzulo. Kuwonera kwake wailesi yakanema ku Abbottabad m'masiku asanaphedwe ndi Achimerika kunatsimikizira Bin Laden kuti palibe wotsutsa m'modzi - kuchokera ku Cairo kupita ku Damasiko kupita ku Yemen - adakweza mbendera ya al-Qa'ida kapena kunyamula chithunzi chake.
Zowonadi, pakati pa kulumikizana komaliza kwa Bin Laden ndi otsatira ake ku Yemen kunali kufuna kumasulira kwa nkhani yomwe ndidalemba mu The Independent, momwe ndidafotokozera al-Qa'ida - kutsatira kukhudzidwa kwake ndi opha ma Shia a Sunni ku Iraq - ngati gulu lankhondo. mabungwe ampatuko kwambiri padziko lapansi. Bin Laden anali atachita zionetsero kwa nthawi yayitali motsutsana ndi udindo wa chovalacho pakupha anthu ampatuko ku Iraq. Ndipo kotero al-Qa'ida wokhazikitsidwanso watulukira.
Abdel Bari Atwan wa nyuzipepala ya Al-Quds al-Arabi - yemwe amamvetsetsa bwino mzimu wakuda wa al-Qa'ida kuposa wina aliyense - walankhula za momwe Bin Laden nthawi zonse amalankhula "molakalaka" za mapiri a Atlas a Maghreb - Tora. Bora wa kumpoto kwa Africa - komanso zokonda za America ku Africa komweko. Ambiri mwa asilikali a Bin Laden adachoka ku Afghanistan kupita ku Algeria, Mali, Mauritania, Chad ndi Niger, ngakhale Nigeria. A US tsopano akuitanitsa mafuta ochuluka kuchokera ku Nigeria monga momwe amachitira kuchokera ku Saudi Arabia, dziko la Bin Laden yemwe ali nzika yake. Monga Gaddafi - yemwe Bin Laden adanyansidwa naye - al-Qa'ida adayamikira kufunikira kwachuma kwa Africa. Kodi Bin Laden mwiniyo sanathe zaka zisanu ali mu ukapolo woopsa ku Sudan?
Mwa njira yodabwitsa koma yomveka bwino, zotsatira za nkhondo yapachiweniweni ya ku Algeria yowopsya inali m'malo mwa Belmokhtar. Purezidenti Bouteflika, bwenzi lapamtima la France kumpoto kwa Africa, adayitanitsa referendum yopambana yomwe idakhululukidwa omenyera Asilamu pomwe amakhululukira ozunza komanso magulu opha anthu aboma. Motero abale ofooka a chipanduko cha Chisilamu anapita kwawo pamene amuna olimba mtima, osakhululuka anasamukira ku zipululu ndi kudutsa malire a Algeria. Belmokhtar adalandira "kuyeretsedwa" al-Qa'ida katiba - ndi mtundu watsopano wankhondo ya Bin Laden.
Kuyambira pano "kuyera kwa zida" za al-Qa'ida - ndipo izi sizinavomerezedwe - sizikanalunjika ku chikhumbo chopanda chiyembekezo cha utsogoleri wapadziko lonse, koma pa zolimbana zomwe zingachepetse adani a kafir a Islam. Njira zankhondo za Bin Laden sizinasinthe; nzeru zake zokha zikanasiyidwa mokoma mtima. Tsopano omenyera nkhondo ake - m'manja mwa Belmokhtar kapena mdani wake waposachedwa, Abdulhamid Abu Zeid yemwe amati ndi woipa - ayenera kutsitsa magulu ankhondo aku Western omwe atha kuwakakamiza kuti alowerere m'dziko lachi Muslim. Monga momwe msilikali aliyense wakumadzulo yemwe angalowerere ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq anali chandamale, choncho msilikali aliyense wa ku France wofika ku Mali ayenera kukhala chandamale.
Chepetsani magulu ankhondo amphamvu akumadzulo ndikuwakokera ku chiwonongeko ndi ogwirizana nawo amagazi. Ili ndiye dongosolo lankhondo la al-Qaida. Pomwe France - ndi America ndi Britain - zitha kukwiyitsidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi boma loyipa la Algeria kapena opha gulu lankhondo la Mali, kupambana kwakukulu kwa al-Qa'ida. Kale, mantha aku France ndi aku Britain pa kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Algeria ndi zigawenga ku In Amenas kwachotsedwa kale m'mbiri. David Cameron mosadziwa - komanso ndi zolemba zomwe mwina zinalembedwa ndi Belmokhtar - adalengeza kuti "kutsimikiza kwathu kwamphamvu kuposa kale lonse kugwira ntchito ndi ogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi kuti tichotse ndikugonjetsa mliri wauchigawenga". Kupatulapo mawu owopsa a Cameron ("root out", "mliri") - omwe modabwitsa amafanana ndi mawu otopetsa a al-Qa'ida - izi zikugwirizana bwino ndi United Kingdom ndi boma lakupha ku Algeria. Pali ma Macbeths ambiri kumeneko.
Tsopano magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe akupereka lipoti la kubwezera kupha anthu wamba a Tuareg m'matauni "omasulidwa" atsopano ndi asitikali aku Mali. "Akazembe a Kumadzulo", gulu la mapiri omwe amatikonda kwambiri majournos, tsopano akuti "achenjeza kwanthawi yayitali kuti gulu lankhondo [la Maliya] litenga nawo mbali pakupha anthu obwezera. Chisoni sanatiuze zimenezo mwezi wapitawo. Kenako tili ndi Nduna Yowona Zachitetezo ku France, a Jean-Yves le Drian, akutiuza kuti zigawenga za Belmokhtar "zasintha njira zawo. Amatha kuchoka mtawuni nthawi iliyonse, kapena kusakanikirana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu… Ndipo sanatiuze zimenezo mwezi wapitawo, sichoncho?
The Associated Press - osati, ndiyenera kuvomereza, bungwe lomwe ndimalikonda kwambiri lachowonadi chapadziko lonse lapansi - lidasindikiza lipoti lodabwitsa komanso labwino kwambiri la Rukmini Callimachi sabata ino, nkhani ya momwe wachigawenga mnzake wa Belmokhtar Abdulhamid Abu Zeid adafika ku tawuni ya Diabaly ku Maliya, atalanda anthu wamba. nyumba mothandizidwa ndi asilikali akale ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, anabisala kupewa French airstrikes, anapereka mphatso kwa ana, anapereka kulipira lendi ndi ndalama madzi ndi, kulondera ndi amuna asanu zida, amadya mabokosi a chakudya kunja Algeria. “Anadya sipaghetti ndi mkaka waufa, anawerenga Koran ndikukonzekera nkhondo,”
Ndipo apo inu muli nazo izo. Musanyalanyaze iwo, ndipo mwataya "nkhondo yolimbana ndi zoopsa". Menyanani nawo, ndipo mukukumana ndi Kunyozeka. Belmokhtar waku Algeria amamvetsetsa izi. Sititero. Njira zosiyanasiyana, nduna ya ku France ikutiuza. Kukumana ndi anthu. Kubisa. Birnam Wood amabwera ku Dunsinane.
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