Jeb Bush ankafuna kupambana ku Miami, ndipo adapeza imodzi, kotero White House imati. Aliyense wowona moona mtima, komabe, amadziwa kuti zokambirana za Free Trade Area of โโthe Americas (FTAA) zinalephera zisanayambe.
Pafupifupi sabata imodzi isanachitike, akuluakulu a zamalonda adalengeza kuti palibe nkhani zazikulu za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse zomwe zidzakambirane. Zokambirana pazinthu zazikulu zomwe zayambitsa mikangano pakati pa US ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene - monga mitengo yazaulimi, nzeru, ndi malamulo oyendetsera ndalama zakunja - zidzayimitsidwa mpaka chaka chamawa. Pofuna kupewa kugwa kwa World Trade Organisation (WTO) ku Cancรยบn miyezi ingapo yapitayo, US m'malo mwake idalimbikitsa "FTAA-Lite" yopulumutsa nkhope yomwe imayika kuwala kwadzuwa panjira.
Kodi โkudalirana kwa mayikoโ kwatha? Chifukwa chiyani njira ngati WTO ndi FTAA zikulephera? Ndipo nchifukwa chiyani masauzande aife tasonkhana kunja kwa misonkhano ya Miami kuti tidzudzule mgwirizano womwe wamwalira ku Biscayne Bay ku Florida?
Posachedwa, Bush Administration, yomwe imasungabe kuzunzana ngakhale pakukambirana zamalonda, ikuyenera kutamandidwa chifukwa chakumiza zokambirana za Miami. Woyimira zamalonda a Robert Zoellick sanapereke chilichonse mwazovomerezeka zomwe anthu apamwamba aku Latin America amafunikira - mayendedwe enieni akutsegulira misika yaku US. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa chifukwa chomwe dziko la South South limapereka zosagwirizana nazo.
Koma gulu la chilungamo padziko lonse lapansi lingathenso kunena kuti ndi gawo loyenera kuletsa kupita patsogolo kwa FTAA. Zipolowe m'madera onse a dziko lapansi zagwedeza kwambiri lingaliro lakuti ndondomeko za zachuma za US zikuyimira ulendo wosapeลตeka komanso wolandiridwa. Zionetsero zachitikanso limodzi ndi kunyada kochulukira kwa maboma ambiri m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene, omwe sakhala pachiwopsezo chocheperako poyerekeza ndi m'mbuyomu ku ziwopsezo za White House.
Madzulo a unduna wa FTAA, Bush Administration idalengeza kuti itsatira mgwirizano wamalonda ndi mayiko ngati Colombia, Peru, ndi Bolivia. Zochita zapam'modzi zotere zimachotsa kuthekera kosokoneza kwa mgwirizano wamalonda waku Southern. Komabe, pambuyo pa Miami, US idataya chuma chofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi: Venezuela, Argentina, komanso kwambiri Brazil. Boma lakumanzere ku Brazil la Lula da Silva adatsogolera zokambiranazo ndipo adatenga nawo gawo polimbikitsa FTAA-Lite. Koma sichinasunthike pazofuna zomwe zili zotsimikizika kuti ziwononge zokambirana zamtsogolo.
Anthu aku Venezuela, omwe adatcha mgwirizano wonse wa FTAA ngati "projekiti yachitsamunda yomwe ikufuna kudzikakamiza kuti igwirizane ndi malamulo adziko lililonse," sananene zambiri za zotsatira za Miami. "Ichi ndi chipambano chodabwitsa polimbana ndi FTAA," adatero Edgardo Lander, membala wa Komiti ya Purezidenti wa Venezuela ya FTAA. โAnkafuna mgwirizano wathunthu, wokwanira, ndipo sanaupeze. Sadzachipeza konse icho. Uku sikutha kwamasewera. Koma ndiye kugonja kwakukulu kwa ndondomeko ya US. "
Gulu lathu, lozolowera kuchenjeza za zoopsa zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi "NAFTA pa steroids," zachedwa kutengera uthengawu. Koma ngati sitiyamika kulephera kwa zokambirana za FTAA, timayika pachiwopsezo chothandizira kuyesetsa kwa Boma kuti lisinthe kugonja kwa Florida ngati kupita patsogolo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chiyembekezo cha Bwanamkubwa Bush pa FTAA-Lite chikutsutsa mfundo yovuta: Sabata ino ku Miami, nduna zamalonda zathetsa zokambirana zawo mofulumira chifukwa analibe chokambirana.
Otsutsawo anali atapeza tsiku limodzi padzuwa. Ndipo ambiri akadakhala ndi ulendo wokondwerera kunyanja, zikadapanda apolisi.
**********
Mkulu wa apolisi John Timoney anali munthu pasanapite nthawi. Zaka zambiri Boma la Bush lisanakhazikitse chiphunzitso cha "nkhondo yodziwiratu" ndipo a John Ashcroft adayamba kugwetsa ufulu wachibadwidwe waku America, Timoney anali kumanga anthu omwe adawonetsa ziwonetsero zawo poyera. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, atakhala ku Philadelphia, adasesa m'misewu mwa anthu otsutsa panthawi yomwe Bush adakwera ku 1999 Republican National Convention. Owonetsa makumi asanu ndi atatu (inene pakati pawo) omwe akufuna kuchita ziwonetsero ndi zikwangwani ndi zida kuchokera kumalo osungiramo zidole zapakati pa mzinda sanatuluke pakhomo; tinaimbidwa mlandu pasadakhale chifukwa chotsekereza misewu. Timoney analinso mtsogoleri wamasomphenya pakugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zolakwika. Chigamulo chomangidwa ku Philadelphia chitangodziwika, maloya adapeza kuti chinali ndi kafukufuku woperekedwa mothandizidwa ndi Richard Mellon Scaife, yemwe anali wosunga ndalama, akuchenjeza kuti "Ndalama zathu zomwe akuti zimachokera ku zipani za Chikomyunizimu ndi zotsalira komanso ... .โ
M'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene adadutsa ku New York kupita ku Miami, Timoney watenga njira ina. Ponena za zionetsero za kudalirana kwa mayiko, wafanizira ziwonetsero za Osama bin Laden. Iye waika nzika tcheru za kuukira kwa Anthrax. Ndipo wanena kuti ndodo zamatabwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zikwangwani ndi zidole ndi zikwangwani ziyenera kuletsedwa ku mzinda wa Miami, kuopera kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza chitetezo cha kwawo.
Tisanakhale Achikomyunizimu. Tsopano ndife zigawenga.
Timoney anakhala miyezi ingapo akuika mantha m'mitima ya anthu aku South Floridians. Pambuyo pa tsiku la ziwonetsero zomwe nyuzipepala ya Miami Herald inafotokoza kuti inali yamtendere wochuluka, mkulu wa apolisi nthaลตi zambiri anagwidwa mawu ndi nyuzipepalayo kuti, โAwa ndi anthu akunja akubwera kudzaopseza ndi kuwononga mzinda wathu.โ N'zosachita kufunsa kuti kulemekeza ufulu wa ziwonetsero za kufotokoza sikunali chinthu choyamba chimene iye ankachiika patsogolo.
Sabata yophunzitsa-ins ndi maguba akumaloko adafika pachimake Lachinayi ndi tsiku lalikulu lochitapo kanthu. Gulu la achinyamata zikwi zingapo ndi zidole zambiri linasonkhana mofulumira ndipo mwamsanga linazunguliridwa ndi apolisi. Pamapeto pake, ochita zionetserowo adakambirana zoperekeza kudera lomwe lili kutsogolo kwa bwalo lamasewera lomwe lili kutsogolo kwa mzindawu, komwe ogwira ntchito zachitsulo okhala ndi malaya a "FTAA Sucks" amafika ku msonkhano wa anthu ogwira ntchito. Mabasi angapo amgwirizano akuti adatsekeredwa kunja kwachitetezo cha mtawuniyi, ndipo okwera ena sanabwere kudzachita mwambowu. Madzulo, anthu zikwi khumi omwe anali mkati mwa bwaloli adalumikizana ndi carnival yomwe ikukula ku Biscayne Boulevard kuti agumbe mozungulira derali. Asilikali a Timoney adachepetsa chiwonetserocho. Iwo adakana njira yomwe idakonzedwa pafupi ndi nduna yazamalonda ndipo m'malo mwake adathamangitsa ochita ziwonetsero kumtunda.
Kumenyana kukayamba masana, anthu ochita zionetserowo anayamba kuchita ziwonetsero pang'ono, kumene kunalibe. Apolisi adagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo za utsi wokhetsa misozi komanso zipolopolo za labala kuti achotse malowa. Nyuzipepala ya The Herald, yomwe si njira yochirikizira anthu okonda kupita patsogolo, inasimba kuti โkupatulapo zinyalala zingapo zimene anthu ochita ziwonetserozo anayatsa, palibe kuwononga kapena kuwononga katundu komwe kunasimbidwa masana.โ Apolisi anali kufunafuna kulimbana ndi ziwonetsero zopanda chiwawa, ndipo adazipeza. Pomalizira pake, anamangidwa pafupifupi 150, ndipo enanso 50 mawa lake. Malinga ndi Herald, ochita ziwonetsero khumi ndi awiri omwe adavulala adapita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa ku chipatala cha Jackson Memorial, ndipo opitilira zana adasefukira m'malo othandizira olimbikitsawo, akutuluka magazi chifukwa cha miyala ya mphira komanso kung'ambika kwa tsabola.
"Zomwe tidawona zinali zankhondo, zolipiridwa ndi ndalama zankhondo," atero LA Kauffman waku United for Peace and Justice, pozindikira kuti boma lamaloko lomwe lili ndi ndalama zambiri lidabwera ndi njira yatsopano yopezera ndalama zothandizira kulimbikitsa apolisi: $ 8.5 miliyoni. kuchokera pa phukusi la $ 87 biliyoni la Iraq lomwe lidayikidwa kuti likhale ndi ziwonetsero za FTAA.
Powonetsa mgwirizano wofunikira, woimira AFL-CIO Ron Judd adanenanso kwa atolankhani madzulo omwewo pamalo ochitira ziwonetsero. Judd, msilikali wakale wa ziwonetsero zosawerengeka komanso (monga mtsogoleri wakale wa King County Labor Council) munthu wotchuka ku Seattle, komabe anati, "Aka kanali koyamba kumva momwe zinalili kuchita ziwonetsero m'boma la apolisi." Mkulu wa zantchito, Purezidenti wa UNITE, Bruce Raynor, akulankhula pamaso pa anthu opuma pantchito abungwe, Steelworkers, ndi ochirikiza opuma pantchito, ananenanso chimodzimodzi: "FTAA yabweretsa boma la apolisi mumzinda wa Miami, ndipo izi nzosadabwitsa. manyazi.โ
Izi zinali zitachitika kuti ena mwa omvera ake atatsekeredwa m'bwalo lamasewera loyang'anizana ndi bwalo lamasewera pomwe apolisi akudzaza derali ndi utsi wokhetsa misozi. Panthawi ina masana, opumawo anayesa kuyimba nyimbo ya fuko, koma makina omverawo sanali amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zinali zovuta kuwamva pamwamba pa kulira kwa helikopita. Magalimoto awiri okhala ngati thanki adagudubuzika kunja.
**********
Zimakhala zovuta kumva kuti ndapambana pambuyo pa ziwonetsero, ziwonetsero zikadali m'ndende komanso apolisi akusangalala. Komanso, ena owonera ziwonetsero zakale, powona gulu la achinyamata akusonkhana m'misewu ya Miami, akuyenda ndi Steelworkers m'njira yomwe inali kutali ndi zokambirana zamalonda, ndikuwona momwe apolisi amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pambuyo pake, adawona kuti palibe vuto. wamba powonekera.
Koma zionetserozo zinali zatsopano ku South Florida. Derali lilibe mbiri yolimba yokonzekera anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo limakhala kutali kwambiri ndi malo a radicalism. Kuchita misonkhano ya FTAA ku Dade County kunali kofanana ndi lingaliro la WTO lochita zokambirana kudziko lakutali la Middle East la Qatar.
Kusonkhanitsa khamu lalikulu ngati 20,000 pa tsiku lalikulu lochitapo kanthu kunayimira ntchito yochititsa chidwi yokonzekera. Ndipo kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mzinda wa Miami atatsekeredwa modzidzimutsa ndi apolisi okhala ndi zida zachiwawa kunalimbikitsa kwambiri mfundo yakuti, ziribe kanthu komwe angapiteko, nduna zamalonda sizidzaloledwanso kusadziwika komwe adakondwera nazo podula. amachita zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Mosiyana ndi zimene Timoney ananena, anthu a mโderali anathera miyezi ingapo akulimbikitsana mโmadera awo. Omenyera ufulu wa anthu aku Palm Beach County, ophunzira, ndi dera la Greens adathandizira ziwonetsero zam'misewu. Mgwirizano wotchedwa Root Cause, wopangidwa ndi mabungwe akuluakulu monga Coalition of Immokalee Workers, Miami Workers Center, ndi Low Income Families Fighting Together, adatsogolera ulendo wamasiku atatu kuchokera ku Fort Lauderdale kupita ku Miami, kuwonetsa zotsatira za kudalirana kwa mayiko pa anthu. mtundu ku South Florida. Ndipo Jobs with Justice ndi mabungwe am'derali adachita misonkhano yomwe idakana njira zothanirana ndi mayiko pazamalonda ndikudzaza ziwonetserozo ndi mzimu wokondana ndi ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Pokhala ndi zokambirana zamalonda mumkhalidwe wachisokonezo, mgwirizano wapadziko lonse uwu udzakhala wofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Masomphenya athu a kudalirana kwa mayiko, ozikidwa pa mgwirizano, kusinthanitsa chilungamo, ndi kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu, sizinathe. Ngakhalenso kulambira kwapadziko lonse kofuna kupeza phindu kumene timatsutsa. Chitsamba sichinthu chapadziko lonse lapansi; ndiye wowonetsera mphamvu, wolamulira wamasiku otsiriza. Adzapitilizabe kufunafuna chidwi chamakampani ngakhale popanda njira zamalonda zamayiko osiyanasiyana zomwe tazipanga kuti ziwonekere komanso zodziwika bwino, ndipo pamapeto pake zitha kuwonetsa zovuta kwambiri kwa olimbikitsa chilungamo padziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, pakali pano, chiyembekezo chakuti FTAA idzakhalanso mdima ndi chifukwa cha chikondwerero. Anthu aku America, ndikukayikira, sadzaphonya.
- A Mark Engler, wolemba komanso wolimbikitsa anthu omwe amakhala ku New York City, atha kufikiridwa kudzera pa webusayiti http://www.DemocracyUprising.com. Thandizo lofufuza nkhaniyi loperekedwa ndi Jason Rowe.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama