CARACAS PA - Ndi manja ake pa gudumu, Nicolas Maduro, yemwe adatenga udindo wa Purezidenti wa Venezuela pambuyo pa imfa ya mwezi watha wa Hugo Chavez, akutembenukira kumanzere ndikuyimitsa galimoto ya Ford yomwe akuyendetsa.
Tikupeza kuti tili kutsogolo kwa chipata cha nyumba ina ku Barinas, kumidzi ya ku Venezuela, makilomita 500 kuchokera ku Caracas.
"Kodi mungandidikire m'galimoto kwa mphindi ziwiri? Ndipita kukaona munthu ndipo ndibweranso," iye anatifunsa, kusokoneza kukambirana kwa mphindi pafupifupi 20. Chipata chimatsegulidwa, Maduro amayima m'galaja laling'ono pafupi ndi chipinda chochezera. Mayi wina akutuluka pakhomo, akulira. Akukumbatirana. Amalira mokulira.
Ndi Elena Chavez, amayi a Hugo Chavez. Iye ena mwana, Adan Chavez, bwanamkubwa wa boma la Barinas, akubwera pafupi. Atatuwo amatha kwa mphindi 30.
Maduro akubwerera, atakhalanso pampando wa dalaivala. "Zimakhala zowawa kwambiri kwa iye, makamaka pamene akutiwona. Amakhumudwa kwambiri ndi kukumbukira mwana wake, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iye," akutero za Elena.
โKoma pitirizani ndi mafunso anu,โ iye akutero.
Pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi limodzi tikudikirira ku Venezuela, Maduro pomalizira pake anatifunsa mwapadera. Adalankhula mgalimoto, mumsewu pakati pa msonkhano womwe adachita nawo m'mawa womwewo ndi anthu pafupifupi 30,000 m'bwalo lochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi mumzinda womwe Chavez adakulira, ndi bwalo la ndege, komwe amanyamuka kupita ku ntchito ina.
Maduro nthawi zambiri amayendetsa galimoto yake panthawi ya kampeni. Wosankhidwa ndi Chavez ngati wolowa m'malo mwake, akupikisana ndi Purezidenti Henrique Capriles, woimira zipani zotsutsa. Mavoti akuwonetsa kuti Maduro ndiye atsogola pazisankho zomwe zakonzedwa Lamlungu.
Chochitika ku Barinas chinali chambiri kwambiri. Gawo la banja la Chavez linali pafupi ndi Maduro papulatifomu.
"Ngati tonse ndife ana a Chavez, Adani ndi chiyani kwa ife? Amalume oteteza!" Adatelo Maduro, atagwirana mkono ndi mchimwene wake wa Chavez. "Chavez amakhala moyo! Kulimbana kukupitiriza!" anabangula khamulo.
"Tikuyang'anizana ndi kutha kwakuthupi kwa mkulu wathu wamuyaya. Titeteza kusinthaku, cholowa cha Chavez. Ndikufuna thandizo lanu, komanso la banja lokongola ndi laulemerero la Chavez." Anthuwo adayankha: "Anthu ogwirizana sangagonjetsedwe!"
"Kodi mukufuna capitalism?" anafunsa Maduro. "Ayi!" Anayankha khamulo. "Mudzasankha ngati mukufuna Nicolas Maduro, mwana wa Chavez, kapena bourgeois yemwe angapatse dzikolo!" Adalankhula motele Capriles. "Bwererani ku nyumba yanu yaikulu ku New York, mabwanawe okongola. Ndidzakugonjetsani mothandizidwa ndi anthu aulemererowa."
Pamapeto pake, Maduro akukweza dzanja lake: "Ndikulumbira ..." adafuula mu maikolofoni. Khamu la anthu likutsatira chitsogozo chake. Maduro akubwereza "Ndikulumbirira ..." Akupitiriza kuti: "Kukwaniritsa malamulo a mkulu wathu Chavez ..." Khamu la anthu likuphulika mofuula.
Maduro ndi woyendetsa basi wakale, mtsogoleri wa bungwe, ndi congressman. Adakhala Purezidenti wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Venezuela mu 2006, pomwe Chavez adamusankha kukhala nduna yazachilendo mdzikolo. Iye anagwidwa modzidzimutsa. Anaitana alangizi ake, anatsegula mapu a dziko lapansi ndipo anati: "Ndimadziwa bwino mapu a Caracas. Tsopano ndikuyenera kudziwa iyi."
FOLHA DE SAO PAULO - Chitani chavism popanda Chavez kukhala ngati?
NICOLAS MADURO - Purezidenti Chavez adayambitsa gulu losintha anthu ku Venezuela. Anapereka lingaliro ndi malamulo. Ndondomeko yathu yosintha zinthu ili ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko. Anatipatsa ziphunzitso ndi mfundo. Anatisiyira umboni wa ndale, ndondomeko ya dziko, yokhala ndi zolinga zazing'ono, zapakati komanso zazitali.
Koma anthu 44 pa 2012 alionse aku Venezuela, omwe adavotera chipani chotsutsa pa chisankho cha pulezidenti wa XNUMX, sakugwirizana ndi ntchitoyi. Nanga zikhala bwanji pakanthawi kochepa komanso kapakati ngati muluza zisankho?
Tavomereza zisankho zonse zomwe talephera. Venezuela ili ndi abwanamkubwa ndi mameya otsutsana. Ili ndi 40% yotsutsa. Ngati apambana, zomwe ndikukayika kuti zidzachitika m'zaka za zana la 21, ndiye kuti atenga udindo. Ndipo anayenera kusankha chochita ndi dziko. Venezuela ili ndi nzika zozindikira komanso maziko olimba a dziko lodziyimira pawokha panjira yopita ku socialism.
Nthawi zambiri mumalankhula za umodzi. Koma pali magulu angapo a chavist. Kodi mukuganiza kuti magawano atha kuchitika, monga momwe zidachitikira ku Argentina?
Gulu losintha dziko limagwirizana mozungulira chithunzi, uzimu ndi malingaliro a Chavez. Padziko lonse polojekiti yake. Ndi ogwirizana mozungulira kasamalidwe kagulu komwe adamanga. Ndipo kuzungulira kwa Chavez kudziyika ndekha kukhala wotsogolera kusinthaku mu gawoli. Ndife ogwirizana.
Kodi padzakhala kusintha kwa utsogoleri wa chavist popanda utsogoleri wapadera wa Chavez?
Palibe ngakhale mneneri, mfiti, wambwebwe yemwe akudziwa chomwe tsogolo latikonzera ife. Chomwe ndingakuuzeni ndichakuti ndife olimba, ogwirizana munthawi yambiri iyi. Ndipo dziko liyenera kudziwa kuti kasamalidwe kagulu kameneka kakumana ndi mayesero angapo ndi moto. Takonzeka kupambana pa Epulo 14 ndikulamulira dziko lathu bwino kwambiri.
Ku Venezuela, mawayilesi apawailesi yakanema amakambira munthu wotsutsa, Henrique Capriles. Ndipo ma tchanelo opezeka anthu ambiri amakuchitirani kampeni. Njira zapagulu ndi za aliyense. Kodi sayenera kulowerera ndale?
Njira zapagulu, mukusintha monga momwe tikuchitira ku Venezuela, zikuyenera kuphunzitsa anthu, kuwakonzekeretsa zakusinthaku. Iyenera kuteteza chowonadi pamaso pa olamulira ankhanza atolankhani omwe adachita kulanda boma [mu 2002, mawayilesi apawailesi yakanema adathandizira kuyesa kolephera kuchotsa Chavez].
Aka kanali koyamba kulanda boma kochitidwa ndi ma TV. Tiyenera kufunafuna kumvetsetsa mozama za zomwe zikuchitika ku Venezuela. Makanema apa TV apagulu akhala akupikisana nawo oyenera ndikuyimira mzati womwe umakhazikitsira anthu. Zikanakhala kuti zitasowa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, pakanakhala nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Makanema a TV a chingwe akadatitsogolera kunkhondo yowopsa.
Globovision, wailesi yakanema yotsutsa payekha, iyenera kugulitsidwa kwa wamalonda yemwe ali bwenzi la boma. Ndizotheka kuti pafupifupi ma TV onse adzakhala ochirikiza boma.
Tinaphunzira zimenezi kudzera mโmanyuzipepala Globovision inali kugulitsidwa. Mulimonsemo, ndi kukambirana pakati pa amalonda omwe ali mabwenzi. Ndi vuto lawo, kwenikweni. Tiyenera kuwona momwe zidzathere. Ndani akudziwa, mwina uthenga wofunikira kwambiri woperekedwa ndi kugulitsa kwa Globovision ndikuti akudziwa kuti atayika.
Iwo ati adachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti asankhe mdani wa Chavez ndipo izi zidawapangitsa kuti avutike.
Globovision adangoyesera kugwetsa boma ndipo adalephera. Ndipo kulephera kwawo pazandale ndi kulankhulana kunawapangitsa kulephera kwachuma. Amati athyoka. Iwo ali kutali ndi anthu. Iwo akudziwa kuti tidzalamulira dziko lino kwa zaka zambiri, kusinthaku kukupitirirabe. Ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti atopa kale. Iwo anatopa ndi kusiya.
Capriles wati alibe mwayi wofikira mawayilesi chifukwa omwe amafalitsa otsutsa amaponderezedwa. Kodi simukuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuti mawu osiyanasiyana amveke?
Chabwino, ali ndi 80% ya media. Ngati mupita kulikonse ku Barinas ndikugula nyuzipepala, mudzawona kuti ali payekha komanso motsutsana ndi boma. Makanema apawailesi yakanema, mawayilesi, pakati pa 80% ndi 90% aiwo akutsutsana ndi boma. Otsutsa ali ndi zofalitsa zonse, ndipo tili ndi chimodzi chokha: chidziwitso cha anthu, chomwe chimagonjetsa otsutsa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Akamaponya poyizoni kwambiri, anthu amayankhanso kwambiri. Mutha kupita kulikonse ku Caracas. Nthawi zonse mudzapeza anthu ozindikira. Kodi zimenezi zinachitika bwanji? Ndi utsogoleri wa pulezidenti Chavez, yemwe anali mphunzitsi, adatuluka m'misewu, analankhula ndi kuphunzitsa anthu.
Kodi pali chipembedzo cha Chavez ku Venezuela?
Panalibe pamene iye anali moyo ndipo tsopano chikondi ndi zonse zomwe zilipo. Chipembedzo cha chikondi, chakuthokoza kwa anthu kwa mtsogoleri yemwe amatchedwa kale Khristu Muomboli wa Osauka ku America. Munthu amene anadutsa malire athu.
Zomwe zimatchedwa "civic-military union" ndi imodzi mwa mizati ya chikoka. Mโkontinenti ngati ya ku South America, kumene kuli mbiri ya zigawenga zankhondo, kodi sikungakhale bwino kuti magulu ankhondo asachite nawo ndale?
Tili ndi zida zankhondo zomwe zidabwezanso zikhalidwe za wowombola Simon Bolivar, omwe ali ndi chiphunzitso chotsutsa imperialist ndi anti-colonist. Chiphunzitso ichi ndi Latin America, ndi chathu. Mukudziwa kuti US imagwira ntchito ngati vampire waludzu, kufunafuna chuma chamafuta ndi zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi kudzera pankhondo ndi kuwukira. Ndipo gulu lathu lankhondo tsopano lili ndi chiphunzitso choteteza dziko lonse, lomwe ndi limodzi mwamalo osungira mafuta ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amateteza maloto, dziko lathu.
Iwo ali ndi chiphunzitso cha nationalist, revolutionary, adalandira socialism monga chifukwa cha umunthu kulenga makhalidwe atsopano. Tinkakonda kuphunzitsa akuluakulu ndi mabuku a Sukulu ya ku America [yothandizidwa ndi ndalama za US], yomwe inaphunzitsa asilikali a ku Latin America kwa zaka zana. Akuluakulu athu anaphunzitsidwa mโChingelezi, ndipo pafupifupi palibe omasulira. Ndi zamanyazi kuti kulibenso.
Mfundo yakuti magulu ankhondo salowereranso ndale zamkati amaonedwa kuti ndi kupambana kwakukulu ku Brazil. M'malo mwake, sikukanakhala bwino akanakhalanso m'misasa ya ku Venezuela, kusiya mkangano wandale kwa anthu wamba?
Ayi, ndiko kulakwitsa. Asilikali ankhondo sangathe kukhala m'misasa. Ayenera kukhala m'misewu, m'mafakitale, m'madera oyandikana nawo, ndi anthu, kuti ateteze dziko lawo. Sangakhale osankhika padera. Ayi. Iwo ayenera kukhala gawo la anthu iwo eni.
Ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwakukulu pazandale?
Chabwino, zimatengera kumvetsetsa kwanu kwa mawu akuti ndale. Asilikali athu ankhondo alibe chizolowezi pankhani ya ndale zachipani. Simudzaona mkulu wa boma akuuza anthu amene ali pansi pake kuti avotere chipani cha ndale, kapena kuchita kampeni yachipani.
Zoona, pulezidenti? Pamene Nduna ya Chitetezo Diego Molero akunena kuti asilikali adzachita chilichonse kuti akwaniritse malamulo a Chavez, zomwe zimatanthauzidwa ngati pempho la mavoti kwa inu.
Chabwino, zomwe anthu ayenera kudziwa, ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti zimadziwika ku Brazil, ndikuti Admiral-in-Chief Molero adapereka zokambirana tsiku limodzi pambuyo pa imfa ya pulezidenti wathu. Ndipo wotsutsayo adakhumudwitsa kwambiri banja la pulezidenti. Iye anakaikira imfa yake. Adandifunsa kuti mwina ndingatenge utsogoleri [Maduro panthawiyo anali wachiwiri kwa purezidenti]. Akuluakulu athu anakwiya kwambiri. Ndipo Molero adati "tikulemekeza wamkulu wathu watsopano Nicolas Maduro, Purezidenti wa Republic." Chinali chogwirizana ndi malamulo komanso chikhalidwe. Osati okonda zisankho.
Ulamuliro wa pulezidenti wakale wa ku Brazil, Lula, unachepetsa umphawi koma sanalankhulepo za kusintha ma capitalist a anthu aku Brazil, monga momwe Hugo Chavez adalalikirira ku Venezuela. Mukuganiza bwanji anthu akayerekeza "lulism" ndi "chavism"?
Dziko lililonse lili ndi mayendedwe ake. Ndidawonapo misonkhano yosachepera 14 pakati pa Purezidenti Lula ndi Purezidenti Chavez. Ndipo ine ndikhoza kukuuzani inu anali ngati abale. Anamvetsetsana bwino lomwe. Ndipo onse awiri adadziwa kuti zomwe Lula anali kuchita, monga mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Brazil, ndi Chavez akuchita apa zinali mbali za ndondomeko imodzi, yomwe ndi kumasulidwa kwa Latin America.
Kodi palibe chabwino chotsalira, ndi Lula, ndi choipa?
Anthu anayesa kunena zimenezo kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu 2007, panali kampeni yankhanza yolimbana ndi Purezidenti Chavez. Ndipo pofuna kuti asamenyane, Lula anapereka maganizo ake kuti: [kutsanzira Lula] "'Chavess', tiyeni tichite zotsatirazi. "Tikumane miyezi itatu iliyonse kuti tithetse miseche iyi." Ndipo ndi zomwe adachita. , anali ndi misonkhano yoposa 14. Inde, chimene ndingakuuzeni panopa ndi ichi: Lula nayenso ndi bambo kwa ife.Chifukwa chakuti Lula ndiye anayambitsa nthambi yatsopano ya chipembedzo chamanzere imene inaonekera pambuyo pake mโzaka za mโma 1980. makhalidwe, mphamvu zake, ndi utsogoleri wake wantchito.
Koma Lula, monga ndidanenera, sakunena za kusintha capitalism.
Aliyense wa iwo anachita ndi zochitika zakale za dziko lake. Lula anakankhira dziko la Brazil ku funde lalikulu lopita patsogolo, limodzi la chitukuko ndi chitukuko.
Capriles akuti chitsanzo chake ndi cha Lula.
Ndizoipa kwa osunga mwamboโฆndizoipa pamene osunga mwambo omwe sanagwirepo ntchito m'miyoyo yawo amayikidwa "ndevu ku ndevu" ndi Lula. Lula ankakhala mu uvuni wa kulimbana, mbiri.
Boma linapita patsogolo panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Chavez. Koma mabungwe achinsinsi akuyimirabe 58% yazachuma. Ngati mutapambana, kodi mudzapanga makampani ambiri, magawo ambiri? Kodi zomwe zimatchedwa "21st century socialism" zimafika pati?
Socialism ya zaka za zana la 21 ndi yosiyana. Lili ndi makhalidwe apadera ndi mizu muzochitika zenizeni za dziko lililonse. Dziko lililonse lili ndi zenizeni zake. Ndipo sitingaganize kuti pali sosholizimu yochulukirapo chifukwa yathu, ya Bolivia, Ecuador, Nicaragua kapena Cuba sizofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika kale Soviet Union kapena Romania.
Kodi pali malo oti pakhale bizinesi yolimba?
Mbiri idakali yolembedwa. Pali malo opangira ndalama zomwe zitha kupanga njira yabwino komanso yophatikiza. Tsoka ilo, m'zaka zapitazi za 100 ku Venezuela, njira yopezera phindu ya petroleum sinalole kuti likulu lamphamvu liwonekere. Kwenikweni, capital idalumikizana ndi mafuta a petroleum popanda kupanga luso komanso chitukuko chaukadaulo. Likulu ili lilibe malingaliro adziko.
Gawo la ma bourgeois lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri ndi boma?
Chitsanzo chonsecho chikumangidwa. Tsopano tikuyitanitsa ndi kufunafuna zida zopezera ndalama ndikumanga mabungwe abizinesi adziko omwe angatilole kusokoneza chuma.
Ndi zachinsinsi?
Kumene. Zonse. Ndi ndalama, zolimbikitsa. Zamitundu yonse, yaying'ono, yapakatikati, yayikulu, yolumikizidwa ndiukadaulo, mafakitale, malonda. Zogwirizana ndi likulu lakunja, kuchokera ku Brazil, Argentina, Russia, China. Likulu la US.
Chifukwa chake Cuba ndiye kudzoza kwa chavism, koma osati chitsanzo.
Dziko lililonse lili ndi zikhalidwe zake. Ntchito ya Cuba inali kukhala nkhani mu 1960s, 1970s, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi Cold War. Chabwino, Cuba idatsutsana ndi zitsanzo zathu zakale zandale, zachikhalidwe komanso zachuma.
Ngati dziko la Venezuela lipitiliza kukhala ndi gawo lolimba labizinesi, likwaniritsa bwanji socialism?
Socialism ili ndi mbali zingapo. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi yauzimu, makhalidwe, maganizo, kusintha kwa anthu. Ndipo pamene anthu m'gulu limenelo, pa nthawi yonse ya maphunziro awo, miyambo yatsopano, ndale ndi kutenga nawo mbali komanso ndi ndondomeko yatsopano yachuma, yopindulitsa yomwe ikugwira ntchito mosiyana, ndiye kuti pali mikhalidwe yoti gulu la Socialist ligonjetse munthu payekha, chilakolako cha munthu payekha. chifukwa cha chuma.
Ndipo, pamodzi ndi izi, ndikusintha kwachitsanzo chatsopano chachuma chomwe chidzagonjetsa, makamaka ku Venezuela, kufunafuna phindu, kulingalira za capitalism. Socialism iyi idzamanga maziko a chuma chopindulitsa, chosiyana-siyana chomwe chidzapangitse chuma kuti chigawidwe kudzera mu chisamaliro chaumoyo, maphunziro, chakudya, chitetezo cha anthu, kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo wolemekezeka, kuti athe kuthana ndi umphawi kamodzi kokha. .
Chuma chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazolowa zoyipa za Chavez. Inflation ndi yokwera, kuchuluka kwa kuchepa ndi 20%. Ndipo kudalira mafuta a petroleum ndikokwera kwambiri. Kodi boma lisintha?
Pa Feb. 22 tinakambirana kwa maola asanu ndi pulezidenti Chavez za chuma. Anati: "Taonani, Nicolas, tikukumana ndi nkhondo yachuma." Chifukwa, ndi matenda a purezidenti, magulu ankhondo adziko lonse ndi mayiko ena adasamukira kudziko lochepa ndi zinthu, kuti aganizire zamitengo ndi dola. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti mavuto azachuma adzachitika, kutsogolera kuphulika kwamagulu ndi kusokoneza ndale. Tikulimbana nazo. Tidzalimbana ndi dola yofanana, ndipo tidzapambana.
Nanga bwanji za kukwera kwa mitengo?
Ndilo vuto la ntchito yongopeka ya capital. Kutsika kwa mitengo m'zaka 14 Chavez asanakhalepo anali 34%. M'zaka 14 zapitazi, idatsika mpaka 22%. Tikufuna kuti tichepetse 50% pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti titha kufikira nambala imodzi.
Kodi padzakhala zochepetsera ndalama?
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchepetsa kukhala ndalama zothandizira anthu kuti ateteze anthu komanso ndalama zachuma kuti apange chuma cha dziko. Ndipo ndiko kugwira ntchito bwino komwe kumabweretsa kusintha kwachuma ndikuchiritsa dziko ku malingaliro ngati dongosolo lamitengo komanso kusintha kwachuma.
Werengani nkhaniyo mu chinenero choyambirira.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama