Kubwerera kuchokera masiku anayi ku Sao Paulo, Brazil. Yakwana nthawi yolingalira za chisankho cha Purezidenti Lula kwa nthawi yachiwiri.
Poyang'anizana ndi atolankhani akumanja akumanja, chisankho cha Lula chikuwoneka ngati chipambano chodziwika bwino kumanzere. Pambuyo polephera kupambana mosayembekezeka kuti apambane ochuluka mโchigawo choyamba, iye anachita kampeni mwamphamvu kuti apeze chichirikizo cha osauka. Chotsatira chake chinali chakuti anthu opitilira 60 miliyoni, 59 peresenti ya anthu ovota, adavotera purezidenti yemwe adachita kampeni yotsutsana ndi kusungitsa anthu komanso chilungamo cha anthu, yemwe adayima ndi Evo Morales ndi Hugo Chavez motsutsana ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere ndi US. Kodi Lula ayenera kuwonedwa ngati gawo la Latin America รขโฌหaxis of hopeรขโฌโข yomwe yaperekedwa posachedwa ndi Tariq Ali, pambuyo pake?
"Zonse" zikuphatikizanso kuti Lula avomereze kwanthawi yoyamba zonse zomwe bungwe la IMF likufuna, kuyenderana ndi bizinesi yazaulimi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthaka, osachita chilichonse kuthana ndi kusalingana kwakukulu kwa dziko. Wophunzira wa payunivesite ya Katolika ku Sao Paulo anaseka pamene anandiuza kuti: รขโฌหNdinavotera Lula, kenako ndinapita kutchalitchi kukavomereza.
Ndinali ku yunivesite kuti ndikhazikitse buku lochokera ku zoyankhulana m'chilimwe chatha ndi petistas (othandizira PT, Brazilian Workers Party). Zoyankhulanazi zidachitika pomwe a petistas adachita mantha atawululidwa kuti utsogoleri wachipanichi udapereka ndalama zochitira kampeni ya Lula m'njira yachinyengo ngati zipani zonse zaku Brazil ndipo amagula thandizo ku Congress "mwachizolowezi". โข njira (onani Red Pepper, October 2005).
Pamsonkhano wotsegulira anthu onse anali omasuka kwambiri kuti Lula wapambana. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusunga kumanja kunali chinthu chofunikira choyamba. "Tidavotera kuti tikhale ndi moyo, osati polojekiti ya ndale ya Lula," adatero pambuyo pa chisankho cha Co-ordination of Social Movements (CMS) - bungwe lodziwika bwino lomwe limagwirizanitsa akuluakulu. gulu lopanda malo (MST), mwina gulu lothandiza kwambiri lachitukuko mdziko muno, bungwe lazamalonda losamala kwambiri (CUT), World March of Women ndi gulu la ophunzira kwambiri.
Chofunikira chachiwiri ndikukakamiza boma kuti likwaniritse zofunikira zachangu monga kusintha kwa nthaka, malipiro ochepa kwambiri komanso kuthandizira pazachuma. Koma zoyesayesa zawo zimayamba ndi vuto. Magulu ambiri ku Brazil akhala akutenga nawo gawo pomanga kapena kuthandizira PT makamaka ngati njira yomwe mayendedwe angakakamize mabungwe andale. Tsopano akukumana ndi zowona kuti chida chopangidwa mwaluso ichi chimayima patsogolo pawo chopindika ndikuchita dzimbiri. Sikungolemba kwathunthu mwina, koma si chida chomwe angagwiritse ntchito momwe amafunira.
Izi ndizothandiza kuti tisiyanitse ndikufanizira ndi zolakwika zathu zandale, Labor Party, kuti timvetsetse zenizeni za ndale za ku Brazil komanso chifukwa zokambirana za ku Brazil zomwe zatsala mu nthawi yachiwiri ya Lula zitha kupereka zambiri. zidziwitso zamalingaliro athu anzeru ku Europe.
Magulu onse awiriwa adabadwa mokulirapo kuchokera kugulu la mabungwe ogwira ntchito, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Choyamba, chipani cha Labor chinali chotsatira cha kugawanika kwa ntchito pakati pa ndale ndi mafakitale "mapiko" a gulu la ogwira ntchito. Ndiponso, unasonkhezeredwa ndi zochitika zogwirizanitsa anthu zankhondo, makamaka nkhondo yachiลตiri yapadziko lonse.
PT, kumbali ina, inabadwa chifukwa cha nkhondo yandale yolimbana ndi ulamuliro wopondereza wa asilikali, umene unalamulira dziko la Brazil kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1985. Mabungwe amene anayambitsa bungweli nthaลตi zonse ankadziona ngati andale mโlingaliro la kukhala ndi udindo kwa anthu onse. . Pamene PT inakhazikitsidwa, mwambo uwu wamagulu a anthu monga ochita ndale, akuyambapo pa nkhani iliyonse, anakhalabe wolimba. Chimodzimodzinso chikhulupiriro cha kufunikira kwa mikangano monga chiyambi cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Zowonadi, omwe adayambitsa chipanichi adawona kuti ndale zachisankho ndi mbali imodzi yolimbikitsa ndi kuvomereza magulu a anthu.
Kuonjezera apo, pamene chipani cha Labor chinali choyamba choyimira, mochuluka kapena mocheperapo, m'dziko lomwe linalipo, zochitika za kubadwa kwa PT zinali zolimbana ndi malamulo atsopano, a demokalase omwe anali ndi masomphenya awo.
Zoyambira izi zidabala miyambo iwiri yokhalitsa komanso yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha kumanzere kwa Brazil: kuti magulu a anthu ndi ochita ndale mwa iwo okha, komanso kuti demokalase iyenera kumangidwa chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pagulu. Pamene utsogoleri wa chipanichi wakhala ukuyang'ana kwambiri pa kupambana kwa chisankho mu dziko losasinthika la Brazil, miyamboyi yafowoketsedwa mkati mwa chipanicho, koma imakhalabe yolimba m'magulu ambiri (ochepa m'mabungwe a ogwira ntchito). Iwo ali ndi mawonetseredwe atatu okhalitsa a kufunikira kwa kukonzanso kumanzere padziko lonse lapansi.
Choyamba, magulu a chikhalidwe cha anthu nthawi zonse amakhala ndi masomphenya ochuluka a kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kuposa momwe amaganizira; ndipo ali ndi chizolowezi chogwirira ntchito limodzi, m'malo mongoyang'ana andale kuti apeze mayankho amtundu uliwonse. Iwo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi chidziwitso champhamvu cha kufunikira kwa kudziyimira kwawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuchita modziyimira pawokha ngakhale PT.
Chachiwiri, ali ndi lingaliro losiyana komanso lokhazikika la demokalase yokhala ndi magawo awiri ofanana. Izi ndi izi: mfundo ya voti yapadziko lonse yomwe aliyense, kaya akugwira ntchito kapena alibe ndale, ali ndi mawu ofanana; ndipo, monga lamulo lopangitsa voti kukhala lofunika kwambiri, mfundo yotengapo mbali kwa anthu komwe anthu ali ndi ufulu ndi udindo wokhala oyang'anira demokalase ndikulimbikitsa kutenga nawo gawo kwa demokalase yomwe atha kudzikonzekeretsa kuti agwiritse ntchito. kulamulira mabungwe aboma.
Palibe zongoyerekeza kuti mwapanga mtundu wina wa mabungwe omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Koma nโzoonekeratu kuti kulimbana ndi ulamuliro wankhanza kunachititsa kuti anthu akhale ndi lingaliro lolimba la โunzika wokangalikaโ, kuphunzitsa phunziro lopweteka loti ufulu wa demokalase ndiwofooka kwambiri kuti udziteteze ku kulowererapo kwa zofuna zomwe demokalase yeniyeni iliyonse imawopseza. , kaya zofuna zimenezo ndi za olamulira ankhondo akale kapena amitundumitundu amakono.
Mwambo wachitatu womwe umawonekera m'magulu ambiri a anthu ku Brazil, ndipo wakhudza kwambiri PT, ndi maphunziro otchuka. Zoonadi, kusaphunzira kwa anthu ambiri kunapangitsa maphunziro a akulu kukhala gawo lofunikira la ntchito iliyonse yakusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, koma chikoka cha Paulo Freire chatulutsa mtundu wa maphunziro womwe umakhudza anthu kuzindikira mphamvu zawo zobisika zakusintha dziko m'malo mongophunzira. za izi.
Formaรยงรยฃo ndi liwu lodziwika kumanzere ku Brazil, kumasulira kwenikweni ngati รขโฌหmapangidweรขโฌโข koma mchitidwe otanthauza "kukulitsa kuthekera kobadwa nako kwa anthu monga gawo la njira yodzimvera chisoni yosintha chikhalidwe". โข. Kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe adathandizira kumanga PT pazaka zapitazi za 20, nthawi yoyamba ya pulezidenti wa Lula inali mtundu wa formaรยงรยฃo, zonyengerera zofooketsa zomwe, m'mawu a mtsogoleri wa MST Gilmar Mauro, รข โฌหmtsogoleri wamkulu angapereke yankhoรขโฌโข.
Pamene ndinayendera sukulu ya MST kumidzi yozungulira Sao Paulo, ndinamvetsera zowonetsera za munthu wochenjera ku CUT, ndinamva kukhumudwa ndi chisangalalo cha anthu omwe adachita kampeni ya P-SOL (Partido Socialismo e Liberdade, yemwe adapambana kwambiri. 7 peresenti ya mavoti otsutsana ndi Lula m'gawo loyamba) ndikulemba ziyembekezo zatsopano za woyambitsa wakale wa PT, zinkawoneka ngati anthu akukonzanso miyambo yomwe inapanga PT koma kuika nkhani ya zipani za ndale, kuti abwerere kuchokera paudindo watsopano wamphamvu zandale.
Tengani mwambo wamagulu a anthu monga ochita ndale. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi National Popular Assembly. Ndi ndondomeko yozikidwa pamisonkhano yotseguka m'matauni ndi m'mizinda yoposa 200, yomwe chaka chatha inagwira ntchito yokonzekera malingaliro ndi malingaliro a รขโฌหO Brasil que queremosรขโฌโข, Brazil yomwe tikufuna.
Izi zinafika pachimake pa msonkhano wa dziko lonse kenako chikalata chodziwika bwino cha maphunziro, chomwe sichimangofotokoza mwachidule malingaliro omwe adagwirizana komanso kupanga mapu oti akwaniritse.
Mabungwe monga CMS tsopano akuganiza kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yodziwika bwino yolimbikitsa anthu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti, mwazinthu zonse, ndizopangidwa ndi ndondomeko yodzilamulira yokha. Palibe bungwe lomwe limatsogolera kapena รขโฌหeni akeรขโฌโข. Mabungwe osiyanasiyana amathandizira kuti ntchitoyi ichitike koma onse omwe akukhudzidwa avomereza njira yowonekera, yogawana popereka malingaliro ndi kuvomereza malingaliro ngati maziko azinthu zolumikizana.
Kudzipereka kumeneku pakupanga mtundu wa demokalase yodzilamulira yokha yodzilamulira ndi yofala. Zikuwonekera mu ndondomeko za "bajeti yogawana nawo" zomwe zayambika ndi kumanzere m'maboma ang'onoang'ono ku Brazil, komwe nthumwi zosankhidwa ndi misonkhano yoyandikana nawo zimakambilana zofunikira za ndalama zatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo omveka bwino, okonzedwa bwino. amavomereza chaka chilichonse.
Koma pali chododometsa mu zonsezi. Nโchifukwa chiyani dziko limene latulutsa mitundu yotukuka ya demokalase likudaliranso kwambiri mtsogoleri aliyense payekha?
"Kudalira atsogoleri uku ndiye chidendene cha Achilles kumanzere waku Brazil," atero a Geraldo Campos, wachinyamata wa petista yemwe adachoka ku PT ali wachisoni komanso wokwiya ndipo sakufuna kutsatira mtsogoleri wina. "Pakufunika kuti anthu avomereze udindo wodzilamulira okha." Iye akuganiza kuti zomwe Lula adakumana nazo mu chigawo choyamba chayamba kuphunzitsa anthu kuti "malingaliro ndi kukakamizidwa zimadalira khama lawo. Ngati satenga udindo, palibe chomwe chingachitike.รขโฌโข
Zizindikiro zoyamba ndi zoti magulu aku Brazil akulowa mu gawo lachiwiri ali ndi udindo mwachangu. Koma kodi zoyamba zawo zidzapeza chithandizo chodziwika bwino?
Lula amalankhula zilankhulo ziwiri. Patsiku lomwe adapambana chisankho ndi kampeni yomwe ikugogomezera chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, adatsutsa zolengeza za mtsogoleri wake wa kampeni kuti ndondomeko zake zachuma zidzasintha mu nthawi yachiwiri.
Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe adamuvotera sakhala akuwerenga mawu ngati amenewa. Adzangomva maadiresi ake apawailesi yakanema, momwe amafotokozera kudzipereka kwake pa zosowa za osauka. Iwo amamuona ngati mmodzi wa iwo. Ndipo ndithudi iye amagogomezera zokumbukira zake za umphaลตi.
Koma ndi zokumbukira chabe ndipo chowopsa ndichakuti, pomwe machitidwe ake ndi malingaliro ake zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala bata, "mabanki amitundumitundu ndi mabanki aziyamwa dziko," monga a Marcos Arruda, m'modzi mwa owonetsa makanema a National Popular Assembly, yikani izo. Lula mwiniwake sali wodalirika wolumikizana ndi chiyembekezo. Koma mayendedwe omwe adamuyika pamenepo, ngati atha kutsimikizira mphamvu zawo zodzilamulira, alidi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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