January 1 linali tsiku lokumbukira kuonekera kwa gulu la EZLN, Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, mu 1994. Kuyambira m’mamawa pa December 31, 2012, mabanja masauzande ambiri anafika atanyamula chakudya, mabulangete ndi katundu m’tauni ya “Caracol. ” de Oventic, yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 40 kuchokera ku San Cristóbal de las Casas, m’chigawo cha Mexico cha Chiapas. Ku Oventic, komwe kuli Bungwe la Zapatista la Ulamuliro Wabwino, anthu masauzande ambiri adakondwerera zaka 19 zakulimbana ndi kukana pa chikondwerero cha ndale ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chinachitika mpaka mbandakucha. Masiku awiri zisanachitike, EZLN idasindikiza a communiqué kufotokoza masitepe ake otsatirawa, kutsatira kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwaposachedwa pa Disembala 21.
Zomwe Zapatistas adapeza ku Chiapas zikanatheka kokha ndi ulemu, bungwe komanso mwambo. Patsiku limene Amaya ananeneratu kutha kwa kuzungulira kwa kalendala imodzi ndi kuyamba kwa ina, Mayan Zapatistas osachepera 50,000 anatuluka m’madera awo odzilamulira kuti aguba mwakachetechete m’mizinda isanu ya Chiapas: Ocosingo, Palenque, Altamirano, Las Margaritas ndi San Cristóbal. ku Casas.
Izi zinali zolimbikitsa kwambiri zopanda chiwawa m'mbiri ya gulu la Zapatista, zazikulu kuposa ulendo wa May watha pamene mamembala a 45,000 adatuluka kuti athandizire Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity, motsogoleredwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo Javier Sicilia, yemwe amafuna kuti kutha nkhondo ya mankhwala. Kuguba kwa December 21 kunasonyeza mkhalidwe wauphungu ndi mgwirizano umene sunawonekere chiyambire kuukira koyambirira kwa Zapatista pa January 1, 1994, pamene zikwi zikwi za a Zapatista okhala ndi zida analanda mizinda kudutsa Chiapas, akumalengeza nkhondo ndi boma la pulezidenti wanthaŵiyo Carlos Salinas de Gortari ndi kukana kuvomerezedwa kwa Mgwirizano wa Ufulu wa Zamalonda ku North America.
Mayendedwe a Disembala apitawa adadza pasanathe mwezi umodzi kuchokera pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Purezidenti Enrique Peña Nieto, yemwe chisankho chake chinali chovuta. adalengeza ziwonetsero zazikulu ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe amawona pulezidenti watsopano ngati mbali ya oligarchy yachinyengo ya boma. M'nkhaniyi, zomwe zikuchitika - kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa Zapatista pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri - kunali ndi uthenga womveka bwino: Dziko lina lomwe tikufunika kumanga likhoza kutheka kokha ndi bungwe, chilango ndi kugwirizanitsa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Anthu masauzande amtundu wa Amaya adaguba mwakachetechete. Kodi uku kunali kuyambiranso kwa a Zapatista? Kuwonekeranso? Ayi. Iwo anabwera kudzauza anthu a ku Mexico ndi dziko lonse lapansi kuti sanachokepo. Iwo anali atakonzekera kwa zaka zoposa 19 kuti “atuluke mumdima” pa January 1, 2013. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, sanasiye kugwira ntchito, kukonza zinthu komanso kuvutika. Tidawona izi pa Disembala 21 pamaso pa achinyamata oguba omwe adabadwa ndikuleredwa munkhondo ya Zapatista ndipo tsopano ali ndi zaka 18. Tidaziwona mwa amayi omwe adaguba ndi ana awo - tsogolo lankhondo, chifukwa chawo chopitirizira kumenya nkhondo.
Kudikirira mawu
Tsiku lonse, anthu oonerera ankayembekezera kuti m’tauni iliyonse imene a Zapatista ankaguba adzamva uthenga. Komabe, anayenda—mwadongosolo, opanda zida ndiponso mwakachetechete—popanda uthenga uliwonse. Subcomandante Marcos, wolankhulira EZLN, panalibe. Omwe adayenda adaphimba nkhope zawo ndi masks otsetsereka ndikunyamula mbendera ya Zapatista: rectangle wakuda wokhala ndi nyenyezi yofiira pakati ndi zilembo EZLN.
Sizinayambe zachitikapo Zapatista zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu aziyembekeza zambiri za communiqué, momwe gululi limalumikizirana ndi mayiko akunja. Usiku wa November 17, tsiku limene linakwana zaka 29 chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa kwa EZLN mu 1983, uphungu unatuluka m’Chisipanishi patsamba la webusaiti la Zapatista: “Posachedwapa, mawu ochokera ku Komiti Yachipululuko Yachibadwidwe Yachikunja.” Mkati mwa mlungu umodzi, chinazimiririka. Uthengawu udasindikizidwanso pa Disembala 17, koma usiku womwewo unazimiririka. Patatsala masiku awiri kuti achitepo kanthu, adawonekeranso. Poganizira za mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, owonerera ankadikirira mwachidwi mawu ochokera kwa a Zapatista. Chimene palibe amene ankayembekezera chinali chakuti ndime yoyamba ya communiqué idzabwera ngati kuguba mwakachetechete.
Pomaliza, kumapeto kwa Disembala 21, Marcos adapereka chikalata cholembedwa, chomwe chidakhala ngati funso, chionetsero komanso chiyembekezo:
Kodi munamva?
Ndi phokoso la dziko lanu likuphwanyika.
Ndiko kumveka kwa dziko lathu lapansi.
Tsiku limenelo linali tsiku, linali usiku.
Ndipo usiku udzakhala usana umene udzakhala usana.
Demokarase!
Ufulu!
Chilungamo!
Kuchokera ku Mapiri a kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Mexico
Kwa Clandestine Indigenous Revolution Committee - General Command of the EZLN
Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos, Mexico · Kufika pa December 2012
Pa intaneti, mawuwo adawonekera ndi kanema wanyimbo "Monga Cicada." Wolembedwa ndi María Elena Walsh mu 1978 pa nthawi yaulamuliro wankhanza wa asitikali ku Argentina, mawuwa akuyimira kumenyera ufulu wa demokalase ku Argentina ndipo adakhala ngati uthenga wofanana ndi mawu achidule komanso andakatulo a Marcos.
Nthawi zambiri anandipha, nthawi zambiri ndinafa. Mosasamala ine ndiri pano, woukitsidwa. Ndikuthokoza chifukwa chamanyazi, ndi dzanja lankhonya chifukwa linandipha mwankhanza, komabe ndinapitiriza kuyimba.
Kuyimba dzuŵa ngati cicada, pambuyo pa chaka mobisa, monga momwe wopulumuka akubwerera kwawo kuchokera kunkhondo.
Nthawi zambiri amandifufuta, nthawi zambiri ndimasowa, kumanda anga ndikupita ndekha ndikulira. Ndinapanga mfundo mu mpango koma ndinayiwala pambuyo pake kuti sinali nthawi yokhayo, ndipo ndinapitiriza kuyimba.
Nthawi zambiri iwo anakuphani inu, nthawi zochuluka kwambiri inu mudzawukitsidwa, mausiku ochuluka kwambiri inu mudzakhala mwa kusimidwa. Panthawi ya kulephera ndi mdima, wina adzakupulumutsani kuti mupitirize kuyimba.
Zidziwitso ku meseji
Kodi a Zapatista ankafuna kunena chiyani ndi funso lakuti, “Kodi mwamva?,” limene linasanduka oxymoron lopangidwa ndi anthu 50,000 amene anaguba popanda kunena chilichonse. Maulendo asanu mwakachetechete, mawu a funso ndi mawu a Walsh amene akuyembekeza kuyambiranso kwa dziko latsopano - iliyonse ili ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimatithandiza kumvetsa zomwe zinachitika pa December 21. Tsiku limenelo, amuna ndi akazi ali chete. kukhalapo kunali chikumbutso ndi chovuta: Tikuchita ntchito yathu yoyenera - inu? Ngakhale kuti dziko lomwe tikudziwa likuphwanyidwa, gululi likupitiriza kupanga chowonadi china "momwe maiko ambiri angagwirizane," monga momwe Marcos adalembera. Ma Mayan Zapatistas awa, monga momwe nyimboyi ikufotokozera, amabadwanso tsiku ndi tsiku ndikupitiriza kuyimba ngakhale akuyesera kuwapha kapena kuwafafaniza. Iwo akupitiriza kuyimba “dzuŵa, ngati cicada pambuyo pa chaka mobisa, monga ngati munthu wopulumuka akubwerera kwawo kuchokera kunkhondo.”
Phunziro mu dongosolo ndi mwambo
Poyerekeza ndi chipwirikiti chanthawi zina chomwe chinachitika m'misewu ya mu mzinda wa Mexico City pa December 1, tsiku limene Purezidenti wokanganitsa Enrique Peña Nieto anakhazikitsira, maguba mwakachetechete a EZLN ndi zitsanzo zadongosolo ndi ulemu. Ngakhale kuti ku Chiapas sikugwa mvula m’nyengo yachisanu, December 21 inayamba ndi kutha ndi mvula yamphamvu yosalekeza, ndipo phokoso la madontho amvula linali phokoso lokhalo lotsagana ndi ulendowo. Ngakhale kuti kunali nyengo, mumzinda wa San Cristóbal de las Casas mokha pafupifupi 20,000 Zapatistas anaguba m’maŵa umenewo—mwachilango ndi mwadongosolo—kuchokera m’tauni ya San Juan Chamula kupita ku plaza pakatikati pa mzindawu.
Cha m'ma 7:30 m'mawa, magalimoto odzaza ndi Mayan Zapatistas anafika ku San Juan Chamula. Ataphimba nkhope zawo, ananyamula kansalu koyera kamene kanasokeredwa nambala munsaluyo ndipo anavala bandeji zofiira zomangirira m’khosi mwawo. Anafika amuna, akazi ndi ana. Azimayi ena ankavala zovala za makolo awo, zomwe m’mphepete mwa nsaluzo zinkasonyeza madera awo.
"Muli bwanji?" woonerera wina anafunsa wokonza mapulani amene ananyamula wailesi yotumiza mauthenga.
“Sindikudziwa, koma ena akubwera,” iye anayankha motero.
"Mwanyamuka nthawi yanji nonse?" khamu la anthu linakanikiza.
"Mdera lathu, tidanyamuka 3 koloko m'mawa," adatero.
A Zapatista anayamba kuyenda kulowera pakati pa mzindawo m’mizere inayi. Mofanana ndi nkhono imene amadziŵika nayo, anayenda pang’onopang’ono, akumayembekezera magulu ankhondo a Zapatista amene anapitirizabe kufika. Kuwonetsa bungwe lamwambowo, adadziyika malinga ndi manambala - 1 mpaka 29 - omwe adasokedwa m'maski awo aku ski. Ma Zapatista ochepa adayenda motsatira mizati, akuchita ngati oyendetsa ngati wina atuluka pamzere. Anajambula njira yowongoka m’misewu mpaka anathyola mizatiyo kuti apange chitsanzo cha chigoba cha nkhono pamene akuyenda.
Pofika masana, gulu lalikulu la a Zapatistas linali litafika mumsewu wa Diego de Mazariegos, msewu waukulu kumzinda wa San Cristóbal de las Casas. Panali anthu ambiri amene ankaguba moti anthu ongoonerera sakanatha kuona m’tsogolo. Zikwizikwi za amayi ndi abambo, agogo ndi agogo, achinyamata, ana ndi makanda adasefukira m'bwaloli. Zinapanga mpangidwe wa U, mofulumira kugwera m’malo monga mafunde a madontho akuda kapena mizere ya nyerere zogwirira ntchito zimene njira yake ili yosasinthika. Iwo adawoneka opanda malire: zikwi atavala zigoba zakuda zaku ski omwe adabwera kudzawonetsa dziko lapansi kuti tonsefe, tiyeneranso kugwira ntchito yathu. Mogwirizana bwino, a Zapatista anakwera pa pulatifomu yamatabwa yomwe inakhazikitsidwa panthawi ya zochitikazo ndipo, ali chete, anakweza nkhonya zawo.
Popanda mawu, chizindikirocho chinali chomveka. A Zapatista anali kunena kuti: “Ife tiri pano, ndipo tikumenyana. Iwo anali kupitiliza kulimbana, ngakhale kutha kwa kalendala - kaya ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi za purezidenti kapena kalendala ya Mayan yazaka 394.
Atatsika pa pulatifomu pakatikati, a Zapatista adasonkhananso kumbuyo kwa maofesi a boma. Chapafupi ndi tchalitchi chachikulu chomwe, mu 1994, Subcomandante Marcos anakumana ndi Manuel Camacho Solís, wogwira ntchito m'boma yemwe adatumizidwa ndi Purezidenti wakale Salinas de Gortari, a Zapatistas atalanda mzindawo, adamasula akaidi omwe anali mndende ndikuwotcha malo angapo apolisi. . Mu dongosolo langwiro a Zapatistas anapanganso mizati ndikuyamba kuguba mpaka kunja kwa mzinda, kumene iwo ananyamuka maola angapo pambuyo pake mazana a magalimoto.
M’mizinda ina kumene anaguba—Palenque, Ocosingo, Las Margaritas ndi Altamirano—anafika ndi kunyamuka mofanana. Pofika kumapeto kwa tsiku limene Marcos anapereka chikalatacho, onse anali atabwerera kumadera awo kuti akapitirize kumanga njira zothetsera zofuna zawo 13: malo ogona, malo, ntchito, chakudya, thanzi, maphunziro, chidziwitso, chikhalidwe, ufulu, demokalase, chilungamo, ufulu ndi mtendere. Iwo anabwerera kumadera awo, mwachidule, kuti apitirize kumanga ufulu wodzilamulira.
Ambiri m'ma media ambiri pambuyo pake adanenanso kuti ulendowu ukuyimira "kuyambiranso" kwa Zapatista. Kunena zowona, mawonekedwe a anthu adapangidwa kuti akumbutse dziko lapansi kuti gululo silinachokepo. Ana omwe adayenda pa December 21 adabadwira m'madera a Zapatista; iwo akukhala kale m’dziko lina lino pamene lolamuliralo likugwa. Chete cholemekezeka cha anthu a ku Zapatista chinamveka pamene ankalankhula ndi mapazi awo n’kujambula njira yomwe inkaonetsa anthu mtunda umene watsala. Kwa dziko lonse lapansi - kukhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo kwawo kolemekezeka komanso kukhala maso kwa "Zokwanira!" zomwe akhala akulengeza kuyambira 1994 - December 21 linali phunziro la ulemu, kulinganiza ndi kulanga.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama