Ngati akuluakulu a ku Haiti ndi othandizira awo akunja atha 'kugulitsa' chisankho cha Haiti kwa anthu apadziko lonse lapansi, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chidzakwaniritsidwa. Chisankho chilichonse cha Purezidenti kuyambira kugwa kwa 'baby Doc' chapambana pakupambana kwakukulu kwa Jean Bertrand Aristide kapena Rene Preval, mothandizidwa ndi gulu lotchuka la Haiti la Lavalas. Mwambiri, zisankho zaposachedwa kwambiri ku Haiti, zomwe zidayimitsidwa anayi pa February 7, zidapanga wina wopambana kwambiri ku Rene Preval. Komabe, mphamvu yomweyo mkati ndi kunja kwa Haiti kuti coaled kugwetsa Aristide ndi Lavalas Party mu 2004, tsopano kugwirizanitsa khama kwambiri kukakamiza Haiti woyamba run-off kumene iwo amakhulupirira kuti akhoza kutulutsa Haiti woyamba osankhika Purezidenti wa demokalase.
Zingakhale zotheka, komabe, kuti Preval 'apatsidwa' Utsogoleri ndikupewa kuthamangitsidwa, pambuyo pa ziwonetsero zazikulu zomwe zikuyitanitsa mavoti ochuluka kuti Preval alemekezedwe, zonena zapagulu za akuluakulu awiri a CEP omwe akuti "kusokoneza voti" ndi zina zazikulu. zolakwika, ndi kukambirana kwakukulu pakati pa Preval, akazembe akunja, UN, osankhika aku Haiti, ndi okonzekera otchuka. Preval mwiniwake wati apikisana ndi zotsatira za zisankho ngati zitachitika momwe zayimilira, ponena za 'chinyengo chachikulu kapena zolakwika zazikulu' powerengera mavoti. Pomwe zayima patatha sabata imodzi chisankho chichitike, Preval ali ndi mavoti ochepera 49 peresenti, ochulukirapo kuposa omwe adamutsatira ataphatikiza.
Ngati zisankho za purezidenti zipitilira, woyimira osankhika, a Leslie Manigat, adzapikisana ndi Preval, yemwe, ngakhale zotsatira zokhotakhota, adapeza mavoti kanayi kuposa omwe a Manigat adachita mugawo loyamba. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira mgwirizano 'wamakono ndi demokalase' womwe udasainidwa ndi Manigat ndi ena asanu ndi awiri ofuna kukhala Purezidenti mu Novembala watha. Izi ndi zomwe AHP inanena pa mgwirizano, pa November 28, 2005:
Osayina ndi Fusion of Social Democrats, Great Front of the Center Right, chipani cha Allyans, MOCHRENA, Alliance of National Progressive Democrats, Organisation of the People in Struggle (OPL), Union of Chavannes Jeune, ndi Charles. Gulu la Henri Baker lotchedwa RESPE/KONBA. Mabungwe a ndale awa, omwe adanena kuti amadziona kuti ndi mabungwe ofunika kwambiri a ndale, adalengeza kuti ngati kuzungulira kwachiwiri kuli kofunikira kuti asankhe chisankho cha pulezidenti, ndipo woimira m'modzi mwa mabungwe omwe adasaina mgwirizanowu amapangitsa kuti pakhale chisankho cha pulezidenti. Gawo lachiwiri, ena onse omwe adasaina mgwirizanowu agwirizana kumbuyo kwa mtsogoleriyo pagawo lachiwiriโฆ.Maphwando angapo omwe adasaina mgwirizanowu posachedwapa apempha zipani kuti zigwirizane kumbuyo kwa munthu m'modzi kuti alepheretse chisankho cha pulezidenti. Platform of Hope, Purezidenti wakale Renรฉ Prรฉval.'
Tikudziwa kale, chifukwa cha a FOIA omwe [Sprague adalandira http://freehaiti.net], kuti International Republican Institute (IRI) inathandizira kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha 'socialist coalition,'kufikira pakupanga 'Fusion of Social Democrats':
'Kuyambira pa Julayi 31 mpaka pa Ogasiti 1, 2004, atsogoleri a maphwando akumanzere, Ayiti Kapab, KONAKOM, OPL, ndi PANPRA adakumana kuti akambirane njira zofulumizitsa kuphatikizika ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zofunika kuti apititse patsogolo cholinga cha ma municipalities. Kumapeto kwa msonkhanowo, iwo anaika ndondomeko ya ntchito yoti mโmadipatimenti ndi ma municipalities akwaniritse mgwirizano wa zipani zinayi, zomwe panopa zimatchedwa Groupe Socialiste. . .'
Zoonadi, chigawo chapakati cha ndondomeko ya IRI isanayambe ndi pambuyo pa Aristide ku Haiti ndi 'kumanga chipani cha ndale' ndi 'kumanga mgwirizano.' Zambirizi zitha kupezeka kuchokera mu [malipoti awiri a quarterly pdf.dec.org/pdf_docs/PDACF866.pdf] a 2005 opezeka pa intaneti ndi [USAID http://dec.org], ndipo zinamveka momveka bwino kudzera m'mafunso angapo ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito kapena ndi IRI ku Haiti, komanso olandira thandizo ndi anthu omwe akuchita nawo maphunziro a IRI.
Kumvetsetsanso za 'socialist coalition' kumapezeka mu malipoti a IRI kuyambira 2000 ndi 2001 a National Endowment for Democracy (NED), opezedwa kudzera ku FOIA ndi mtolankhani Jeremy Bigwood. Malipoti awa akufotokoza momwe mamembala odziwika a zipani zotsutsa OPL ndi KONAKOM, Irvelt Cherie ndi Victor Benoit motsatana, adapezeka pamisonkhano ndi IRI ndi akuluakulu aku US ku Washington, pamodzi ndi anthu ena otchuka aku Haiti kuphatikiza Rudy Boulos, wolemera wabizinesi osankhika omwe pambuyo pake adathandizira kupeza. Haiti Democracy Project, yomwe ili ku Washington, gulu la anthu odana ndi Aristide ndi oganiza bwino, komanso gulu la mayiko akunja a Gulu la 184 ndi gulu lotsutsa la Democratic Convergence. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, Boulos adasiya mpando wake wa Board of the HDP kuti apite ku Senate ku dipatimenti ya North East ndi Fusion, chipani chomwe chili mbali ya "socialist coalition" ndi "mgwirizano wamakono ndi demokalase" womwe unasaina ndi ufulu wa Haiti. - maphwando a mapiko mu Novembala.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti membala wina wa Haiti Democracy Project Board, a Timothy Carney, adasiyanso ntchito kuti atenge udindo wa kazembe wanthawi yayitali ku Haiti. Carney wakhala akuteteza kwambiri ntchito za IRI ku Haiti komanso wothandizira anthu apamwamba a ku Haiti. Zinali pamene anali Ambassador wa US ku Haiti mu 1998-99 pansi pa Clinton kuti IRI inakakamizika kutseka ntchito zake kumeneko, ndikukhazikitsa malo ku Dominican Republic motsogoleredwa ndi IRI Program Officer Stanley Lucas. M'nkhani yaposachedwa ya NYT, a IRI ndi Stanley Lucas adatchulidwa kuti, 'zinthu zopanda pake' zomwe zikusokera ku pulogalamu yoyipa ya US ya 'kukwezera demokalase' ku Haiti. Palibe paliponse pazambiri za NYT, kapena mphekesera zotsogozedwa ndi IRI zomwe zachitika, pomwe patchulidwa za njira yolumikizirana ndi State Department, NED, USAID, pakati pa ena ochita zakunja, kuti alimbikitse mgwirizano. mikhalidwe yaulamuliro wa anthu osankhika ku Haiti motsatana ndi mfundo za mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi wa neoliberal.
Chitsanzo chimodzi cha kuyesayesa kogwirizana kuthandiza kumanga ndi kugwirizanitsa chitsutso cha Aristide ndi Lavalas chinachokera kwa mkulu wa pulogalamu ya National Endowment for Democracy. Ndinayankhula ndi Fabiola Cordova mu December, 2005. Anali atangotenga kumene ku ofesi ya NED ku Washington pambuyo pa kusintha kwa antchito ku Latin America ndi Caribbean. Zomwe adakumana nazo ku Haiti zidachokera ku ntchito ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ngati woyang'anira mapulogalamu a m'dziko la National Democratic Institute (NDI), m'modzi mwa othandizira anayi a NED. Ndi thandizo lophatikizana lochokera ku NED, State Department, ndi USAID, bajeti ya NDI yolimbikitsa demokalase imaposa $100 miliyoni pachaka.
Podziwika ndi Aristide komanso kutsutsidwa kwapadera ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi mabungwe olimbikitsa demokalase, Cordova anandiuza kuti:
"Pamene ndinali ku Haiti pamene Aristide akadali komweko, mwachiwonekere anali ndi mwayi wodziwika bwino ku Congress ndi m'boma komanso kwina kulikonse m'moyo wa anthu. Panali mizere yambiri yomwe ikujambulidwa pakati pa Haiti ndi Venezuela, kuti, kwenikweni, Venezuela ikhoza kukhala Haiti komwe muli, mtsogoleri wosankhidwa mwa demokalase koma akutenga pang'onopang'ono nthambi zonse za boma ndikuyika zida zankhondo ndi anthu awo. otsutsa akutenga zidaโฆ'
Cordova adapitilira:
"Zimene zinachitika ku Venezuela zakhala zikuchitika ku Haiti kwa nthawi yaitali. Chipani chotsutsa chakhala chikunyanyala zisankho kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa amangokhalira kunena kuti 'tilibe mikhalidwe yocheperako yoyendetsera mpikisano, kapena kuchita nawo mpikisano,' koma adasiya izi ndikuchita. Izi zinakhala ngati kulimbikitsa mphamvu za Aristide, komanso adafooketsa mabungwe awo. Ndikutanthauza, ndikuganiza kuti imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ku Haiti zakhala zotsutsa zofooka kwambiri, zotsutsana zogawanika kwambiri zopanda nsanja, osafuna kubwera palimodzi ndikupanga mgwirizano wamtundu wina ndi malingaliro kapena pulogalamu kapena chirichonse, kotero muli nazo, ndikuganiza. pamene ndinali kumeneko, maphwando 120 analembetsa; ndizosatheka kukhala ndi mpikisano waukulu mukakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiye kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe amanyamula kulemera kulikonse pankhani ya mpikisano wamasankho. Choncho, n'zovuta.'
Pa funso la November 25 "mgwirizano wamakono ndi demokalase" Cordova adati:
"Ndikuganiza kuti ndi chitukuko chabwino, chabwino, ndipo ndipamene ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri amawona Haiti ikupita, zipani zocheperapo, zochepa za ndale, komanso mpikisano waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti musakhale ndi mkhalidwe umene muli nawo." mukudziwa, Aristide analidi ndi 70% ya chichirikizo chotchuka ndiyeno maphwando ena 120 anali ndi magawo makumi atatu mwa magawo zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe kwenikweni sizingatheke kupikisana nazo.' (Zindikirani: Pambuyo pake Cordova adanditumizira ndalama zovomerezeka za NED FY2005 ku Latin America ndi Caribbean. Zolemba za 'declassified' tsopano zili pa intaneti pa. http://www.inthenameofdemocracy.org)
Patangotsala milungu ingapo kuti zisankho zichitike, woimira nyumba ya Senate ku Lespwa, Frantz Large anachenjeza za chinyengo cha gulu la anthu osankhika. AHP adati:
"Pulezidenti wakale wa Chamber of Commerce of the Southeast komanso woimira Senate kuchokera ku Platform of Hope ku dipatimenti ya Southeast, Dr. Frantz Large, adadandaula Lachiwiri pa zomwe adazitcha kukhalapo kwa anthu omwe ali pamtima pa dongosolo lachisankho. amadzinenera kukhala oimira mabungwe a anthuโฆDr. Large adati anthuwa, omwe adawonetsedwa ngati oyang'anira zisankho kapena oyang'anira malo oponya zisankho, adavomerezedwa mwadala ndi cholinga chofuna kuyika zofuna zawo pamakina opangira zisankho kuwononga Platform of HopeโฆMmodzi ndi gawo la mabungwe aboma kapena alengeza poyera. kuti wina akuchita ndale,' anatero Frantz Large. iye anadzudzula chimene anachitcha โkudzikuza kwa anthu amene amati ndi anthu a mโboma amene akuchulukirachulukira kukhala odzilamulira okha, osirira ulamuliro wandale mpaka kufika ponyozera mfundo za makhalidwe abwino.โโฆFrantz Large wotchulidwa ndi dzina lakuti โGulu la 184 ndi Chamber of Commerce wa Port-au-Prince', yemwe kuvomerezeka kwake ngati gawo la mabungwe aboma amatsutsa. Anawachenjeza kuti asadzayesetse kuchita zachinyengo monyozetsa zofuna za anthu a ku Haiti pa nthawi ya zisankho zomwe zikubweraโฆ.Anthu a m'bungweli adzakhala ndi udindo pa chipwirikiti chomwe chingabwere chifukwa cha zisankho zachinyengo, adatero Dr. Large. '
Mtsogoleri wa Haiti National Observation Council (CNO), Leopold Berlanger, adandifotokozera momwe boma la Canada likulipira maphunziro ndi kukhalapo kwa 3,500 mwa owonera 8,000 omwe CNO idzawatumizira pa tsiku la chisankho. Berlanger alinso eni ake a RadioVision2000 ndi Reginald Boulos, ndi director of Fondation Nouvelle Haiti (FNH). Pakati pa Boulos ndi Berlanger, ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni makumi ambiri za 'kukweza demokalase' zakunja zatumizidwa ku mabungwe awo ku Haiti. Mwa owonera zisankho 3,500 omwe Canada idayenera kulipira, 1,500 mwa iwo adzaperekedwa ndi Civil Society Initiative (ISC), bungwe lotsogozedwa ndi Duvalierist wakale Rosny Desroches, komanso chinsinsi pakupanga Gulu la 184. Patatha masiku angapo chisankho cha February 7th, Berlanger adatsimikizira kuti Andy Apaid, mtsogoleri wa Gulu la 184, mwiniwake wa thukuta komanso nzika ya US anali m'gulu la gulu loyang'anira zisankho.
Pa February 12th, pakati pa zizindikiro zowonjezereka za 'zisankho zowonongeka' zomwe Large anachenjeza, adalemba chikalata pa webusaiti yake [http://frantzlarge.com/] yotchedwa 'Plan.' Izi zikufotokozera momwe akuganiza kuti 'bungwe la anthu' likufuna kubera demokalase ku Haiti. Large amatanthauza 'kunama kwakukulu kwa zotsatira zoyamba kuchokera muzotsatira za zisankho zomwe zaikidwa mu malo oponyera voti.' Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolinga za gulu lankhondo lachisankho komanso 'kukankhira anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ng'ombe yovomerezeka, kulowa m'misewu, kuwapangitsa kuti atulutse mkwiyo wawo pa ' bord de mer' (dockside) ku Port-au- Prince yomwe imakhala ndi masitolo ndi maofesi amitundu yonse, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, ozunzidwa bwino omwe amapanga gulu lapakati la ogwira ntchito mdziko muno. Izi zitha kuyambitsa chidani ndi kukwiyira Purezidenti Prรฉval, komanso kufuna kupeza pothawirapo pamalamulo otsamwitsa omwe ali m'malire a fascism.'
Kuluma komanso kusadziletsa, Large adamaliza ndi kulosera kwina:
'Ndipo kwa onse omwe angakonde kuyitanitsa maulamuliro akunja, kuganiza kuti zokonda za mayiko akunja izi zigwirizana ndi malingaliro awo okonda, osati mwachangu! Zachidziwikire, adzafunika kulimba mtima kuposa momwe amachitira nthawi zonse kuti adziwonetse okha ngati opambana a INTERNATIONAL APARTHEID. Zimenezi n'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku Haiti.'
Masiku ano, Florida Sun-Sentinel http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/caribbean/sfl-214haiti,0,3574802.story?coll=sfla-news-caribbean] inanena kuti 'Cuba ya Chikomyunizimu inadzudzula Washington Lachiwiri kuti inathandiza kusokoneza zotsatira za chisankho cha pulezidenti ku Haiti.' Nyuzipepala ya Granma inalemba kuti: "Zimene zikuchitika ku Haiti siziyenera kudabwitsa ... Aka si koyamba kuti dziko la United States lilowerere mwachidwi pa zomwe dziko lino likupita, komanso sikoyamba kuti liwononge dziko lina mopanda manyazi. zotsatira za chisankho kuti zipindule.'
Zowonadi, kutsogolo kwa gulu lazaubwenzi lomwe likufuna kuti atolankhani achepetse chidwi cha kupambana kwa Preval, anali Haiti Democracy Project, yomwe idatumiza [ntchito yowonera zisankho. http://haitipolicy.org/content/3459.htm] kupita ku Haiti komwe kunali wowonera boma la US, a John Merrill, wamkulu wa mapologalamu aku Western Hemisphere ku Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo. Pachidziwitso choyamba cha HDP, chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chinaperekedwa zisankho zisanatseke, iwo adanena molimba mtima kuti, 'Zizindikiro zonse zimasonyeza kuti pamipikisano ya Purezidenti ndi Yamalamulo, ambiri mwa ofuna kusankhidwa ayenera kukonzekera kubwereza.' 'Kuwongolera' kwa HDP kuyenera kuwonedwa ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zomveka bwino za US ndi zofuna za anthu osankhika ku Haiti; ndi chizindikiro cha chikoka chawo pa makina osindikizira kuti zisankho zachiwiri zivomerezedwe ngati zotheka kwambiri.
Onse a Miami Herald a Joe Mozingo ndi a Jacqueline Chalres ndi Ginger Thomspson wa New York Times adalowa nawo mu HDP ndipo adapereka umboni pakutha kwaposachedwa. The Herald makamaka idapereka mtsogoleri wakale wa Gulu la 184 yemwe adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti Charles Henri Baker (membala wa 'mgwirizano wamakono ndi demokalase') ngati gwero lodalirika lomwe lingatchulidwe. Kampeni ya Baker idatumiza kalata ku CEP yonena kuti mavoti ayenera kuthetsedwa, 'pomwe panali zolakwika zambiri.' Mneneri wa Baker, Hans Tippenhuer adati, 'Anthu adavotera kawiri, katatu ndi kanayi.' The Herald inanyalanyaza kunena kuti bungwe la Tippenhauer, Fondation Espoir (The Hope Foundation), lalandira ndalama zosachepera $182,970 kuchokera ku NED kuyambira pamene Aristide anagonjetsa achinyamata ofuna ndale. Tippenhauer anathandizanso kupeza ndalama zokwana madola 40,000 kuti GRAFNEH 'achite ntchito yophunzitsa anthu a ku Haiti za zipani za ndale, ofuna kudzapikisana nawo, komanso nkhani zimene zidzakambidwe panthaลตi yachisankho .' Mamembala a GRAFNEH nthawi zambiri amawonedwa m'maofesi a Charles Baker. GRAFNEH adachita kafukufuku wa NED mkatikati mwa Januware zomwe zidawonetsa kuti ophunzira aku Haiti amakonda kwambiri Baker ndi Manigat kuposa Preval ngati ofuna kukhala Purezidenti.
Pomaliza, palinso zina zomwe zasiyidwa mochititsa chidwi pa nkhani zambiri za 'zisankho zachiwonetsero' za ku Haiti. Pomwe pafupifupi chidwi chonse chakhala chikuyang'ana pa zisankho za Purezidenti, ndi zochepa zomwe zawona momwe nyumba yamalamulo yaku Haiti idzakhazikitsidwe. Pa February 7th, kuwonjezera pa Purezidenti watsopano, anthu a ku Haiti amayenera kuvotera a Senators a 30 ndi nduna za 99; Mipando yambiriyi ikhalanso ndi zisankho zomwe zingachitike, osanenapo za kusokoneza mavoti. Chofunika kwambiri, ndi omwe amawongolera nyumba yamalamulo omwe adzavomereza Prime Minister wotsatira waku Haiti. Ndipo, komanso kuti tisanyalanyaze, zambiri za kulowererapo kwa mayiko akunja mu chisankho cha Haiti zakhala zikuyang'ana pa kampeni za zipani za ndale zomwe zinasaina 'mgwirizano wamakono ndi demokalase.' Pulogalamu ya USAID-UNOPS yomwe idawululidwa kudzera mu FOIA ya Sprague idathandizira kwambiri, pafupifupi $3 miliyoni, ku kampeni za zipani zomwe si za Lespwa (Preval), kupereka zida zachisankho, zikalata zotsatsa pawailesi yakanema ndi wailesi, timapepala, zikwangwani, maofesi angapo ochitira kampeni, magalimoto, makompyuta. ; mwachidule, njira zonse zochitira kampeni yachisankho cha 'chilungamo ndi demokalase' yokonzedwa kuti alole akuluakulu a ku Haiti kuti apeze mphamvu kudzera mu 'demokalase'. Choncho tiyenera kukumbukira zonse zofunika zinasiyidwa nkhani pamene zisankho ndi nkhawa, komanso chithunzi chotakata cha 'kukwezeleza demokalase' njira imene akufuna kulimbikitsa dongosolo polyarchy ku Haiti. Katswiri wa zachikhalidwe ndi ndale William Robsinson akufotokoza zomwe polyarchy ili, mu 'Transnational Conflicts: Central America, Social Change, and Globalization,':
'Kupanga machitidwe owongolera chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi mabungwe andale omwe ali abwino kwambiri pakukwaniritsa malo okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi adazungulira kulimbikitsa 'demokalase,' kapena zomwe zimatchedwa polyarchy. Izi zikutanthauza njira yomwe kagulu kakang'ono kamalamulira, ndipo kutenga nawo mbali popanga zisankho kwa anthu ambiri kumangokhala kusankha pakati pa anthu osankhika omwe akupikisana nawo pamasankho omwe amayendetsedwa mwamphamvu. Mtundu uwu wa 'demokalase yotsika kwambiri' sukhudza mphamvu (ma cratos) a anthu (ma demos), komanso kutha kwa ulamuliro wamagulu kapena kusalingana komwe kwakula kwambiri pansi pa chuma cha padziko lonse.'
Anthu ambiri osauka ku Haiti amadziwa bwino za nkhanza zomwe mayiko akuyesetsa kuchita pa 'kulimbikitsa demokalase.' Pulogalamuyi yapangitsa kuti Purezidenti yemweyo agwetsedwe kawiri, ndipo ali mkati moyesa kusokonezanso zofuna za anthu posokoneza voti yawo yaposachedwa. Thandizo lalikulu la Preval komanso kufunikira kwa anthu osankhika aku Haiti kuti achite 'chinyengo chachikulu' kuti athane ndi izi ndizizindikiro za kulephera kwa 'olimbikitsa demokalase' kukakamiza Haiti kuti azilamulira anthu ambiri ku Haiti. Sitiyenera kudzinamiza. M'zaka ziwiri kuyambira pomwe Aristide adachotsedwa, zosintha zambiri za neoliberal zomwe sizinatsatidwe ndi Aristide kapena Preval zakhala zikuyenda. Aliyense amene apanga boma lotsatira la Haiti adzakumana ndi kulowa kwakunja kwa Haiti pamlingo uliwonse: pazachuma, ndale, komanso chikhalidwe.
Fenton ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha / wofufuza, membala wa Mu Dzina la Demokalase (www.inthenameofdemocracy.org), ndi wolemba nawo wa 'Canada ku Haiti: Kumenya Nkhondo pa Osauka Ambiri. Ndemanga ndi olandiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
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