Nkhani yotsatirayi ndi gawo losinthidwa kuchokera ku mawu oyamba a Michelle Alexander, a buku latsopanoli Kukhala Mayi Burton: Kuchokera Kundende Kufikira Kuchira Kupita Kutsogolera Nkhondo Ya Amayi Omangidwa ndi Susan Burton ndi Cari Lynn (The New Press, April 2017).
Tkuno kunali mkazi wina wakhungu lakuda kwambiri ndi tsitsi lakuda amene anamasula anthu ku ukapolo ndi kuwaloลตetsa ku chitetezo. Anawalandira mโnyumba zotetezeka ndipo anawapatsa chakudya, pogona, ndi kuwathandiza kukumananso ndi achibale ndi okondedwa awo. Adakumana nawo kulikonse komwe angapezeke ndikulinganiza ena osawerengeka kuti awathandize ndi kuwathandiza m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti asadzawagwirenso ndikubwezeredwa ku ukapolo. Mzimu wolimba mtima umenewu unkadziwa bwino mantha ndi kusimidwa kwa aliyense amene anabwera kwa iye, akuwona m'maso mwawo ululu wonse umene anali nawo zaka zapitazo pamene adazunzidwa ndi kumangidwa ndipo potsirizira pake anayamba ulendo wake wopita ku ufulu. Chapakati pausiku analira kwa Mulungu kupempha mphamvu, ndipo atadzuka anayambanso ntchito yake, kutsegula zitseko, kukonzekera njira zopulumukira, ndikugwirana chanza ndi amayi pamene akulira ana omwe amayembekezera kuwawonanso. Woyimira chilungamo mosalekeza, mayiyu anali wonyada wochotsa komanso womenyera ufulu. Adauza chowonadi chosakongoletsedwa kwa aliyense amene angamvetsere ndipo adakhala maola ambiri akuphunzitsa ndikukonzekeretsa ena, otsimikiza kukulitsa gululo. Sanangotumikira monga chilimbikitso chakuya kwa iwo omwe amamudziwa komanso ngati khomo lenileni la ufulu kwa mazana omwe miyoyo yawo inasinthidwa kosatha ndi kulimba mtima kwake.
Anthu ena amamudziwa mkaziyu dzina lake Harriet Tubman. Ndimamudziwa kuti ndi Susan.
Ndinakumana ndi Susan Burton mu 2010, koma dzina lake ndidaphunzira zaka zapitazo. Ndinkachita kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zovuta zobwereranso kwa anthu omwe ali m'ndende chifukwa cha nkhondo yankhanza komanso yosakondera ya dziko lathu. Panthawiyo ndinali mkati molemba The New Jim Crow: Kumangidwa Kwamisala mu Age of Colorblindnessโbuku limene cholinga chake chinali kuululira mmene Nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo sinangowonongera midzi ya anthu osauka amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso inathandiza kuti pakhale dongosolo latsopano laulamuliro wa mafuko ndi anthu amene amakumbukira mochititsa mantha nthawi imene amati inasiyidwa. United States yakhala mtsogoleri wadziko lonse m'ndende, atachulukitsa chiwerengero cha ndende m'zaka makumi ochepa chabe kupyolera mu nkhondo ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso gulu la "kukhala olimba" lolunjika pa osauka ndi akuda kwambiri pakati pathu. Ndinkalemba mutu womwe umafotokoza momwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri odziwika kuti ndi zigawenga adalandidwa ufulu womwewo womwe akuti udapambana m'gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, kuphatikiza ufulu wovota, ufulu wotumikira m'makhoti, ndi ufulu kukhala opanda tsankho lalamulo pa ntchito, nyumba, mwayi wopeza maphunziro ndi ubwino wa anthu. Ndinali ndi mapiri a kusanthula ndondomeko ndi deta, koma ndinasokonezeka ndi mfundo yakuti mawu ochepa a iwo omwe adakhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko zamakono za Jim Crow angapezeke mu kafukufukuyu.
Ndinayang'ana zolemba zambiri pa intaneti, kenako ndinapuma nditakumana ndi mayi wina dzina lake Susan Burton. Umphumphu ndi kukhulupirika kwa mawu ake kunali kosatsutsika. Adauza mtolankhani momveka bwino komanso molunjika momwe zimamvekera, monga munthu yemwe adachira atatulutsidwa m'ndende ndikuvutika kuti apulumuke, kukakamizidwa "kuyang'ana bokosi" pazantchito zomwe zimapezeka paliponse, nyumba, ndi sitampu zazakudya zomwe zimafunsa owopsa. funso, "Kodi inu munaweruzidwa ndi mlandu?" Iye ankadziwa bwino lomwe kuti bokosilo likadzafufuzidwa, ntchito yake idzatayidwa mโchinyalala. Kodi akanatha bwanji kukhala wopanda chakudya, pogona, kapena ntchito? Iye anafotokoza momveka bwino ndiponso motsimikiza tanthauzo la kukhala mbadwa yachiwiri mโdziko lotchedwa laufulu, ndipo anaumirira kuti anatsimikiza mtima kuchita zonse zomwe akanatha kuti atsimikizire kuti malamulo, malamulo, ndondomeko, ndiponso zochita zawo zikutsatira. zomwe zimalola kusankhana mwalamulo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi milandu pamapeto pake zimasiyidwa, komanso kuti timayamba kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala m'malo mwa maselo andende kwa anthu omwe akulimbana ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndinaphunzira kuti Susan anamanga nyumba zingapo zotetezeka za amayi omwe kale anali m'ndende komanso kuti anali m'gulu laling'ono koma lomwe likukula lolimbikitsa kubwezeretsa ufulu wa anthu komanso ufulu wachibadwidwe kwa anthu omwe akhala m'ndende. Kufunsako kunandikhudza mtima, ndipo ndinaganiza Ndiyenera kukumana ndi mkazi uyu.
Posakhalitsa New Jim Crow linasindikizidwa, ndinali ndi mwayi wanga. Mnzanga wina adatidziwitsa kudzera pa imelo, ndipo Susan adandiitana kuti ndibwere ku Los Angeles ndikuchezera bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe adayambitsa, Njira Yatsopano ya Moyo. Anandithokoza kwambiri chifukwa cha bukhu langa, ndipo adanena kuti iye, pamodzi ndi amayi omwe anali m'ndende omwe akukhala m'nyumba zotetezedwa, akufuna kundikonzera mwambo wa mabuku pa malo ammudzi. Ndinamuuza kuti ndidzakhala wokondwa kubwera ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuphunzira zambiri za ntchito yake ndi kupereka chithandizo momwe ndingathere.
Sindinakonzekere zomwe zinatsatira. Nditafika, Susan anandionetsa mโnyumba zotetezeka za akazi amene anali mโndende zomwe zimagwira ntchito monga mbali ya A New Way of Life. Sindikudziwa zomwe ndimayembekezera, koma mwina china chofanana ndi nyumba zapakati zomwe ndaziwona zaka zambiri. M'malo mwake, ndinapeza chinthu china. Izi sizinali malo kapena malo ogona kapena malo opangira njira kapena nyumba za anthu otulutsidwa m'ndende omwe amafunikira thandizo. Izi zinali nyumba. Kukonda nyumba. Susan ananditengera kunyumba ndi nyumba nโkundionetsa kumene amayiwo amagona ndi kugwira ntchito. Anthu okhalamo ndi antchito analonjera Susan mwamwambo wakuti: โMwaswera bwanji, Mayi Burton!โkomatu chikondi ndi chikondi zinali zoonekeratu. Mโzipinda zina zogonamo, penti inali kusenda mโzipupa, ndipo matiresi a ana anali pansi pamodzi ndi nyama zochepa zomwazika. Mwachionekere, khobidi lililonse limene linatulutsidwa linaperekedwa nthaลตi yomweyo kuti lipereke mabedi, nyumba, ndi mautumiki ambiri. Malo ogona anali ochepa, kunena mwachidule. Koma iwonso anali opanda chilema, ndipo mkazi aliyense amene ndinakumana naye anayamikira kwambiri Susan ndi njira imene anandipatsa. Susan sanangopereka malo ogona komanso kuti apeze chithandizo chomwe ankafunikira kwambiri komanso chichirikizo cha mโmaganizo pamene amayiwo ankavutika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zinkaoneka ngati zosatha komanso zosatheka za akuluakulu a parole ndi oyembekeza, komanso zofuna za bungwe loopsa kwambiri mwa onsewo: ntchito zoteteza ana.
Ku California, monga madera ambiri, azimayi otulutsidwa m'ndende ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira ngati akufuna kulandilanso ana awo, kuphatikiza kuwonetsa kuti apeza ntchito ndi nyumba. Kukwaniritsa zofunikazi si nkhani yaingโono, makamaka pamene mazana a magulu a ntchito ali oletsedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yolakwa, tsankho likadali lovomerezeka kwa iwo, mabungwe a nyumba za boma amakana nthawi zonse kupeza anthu malinga ndi mbiri yaupandu, ndipoโmpaka posachedwapaโ ngakhale masitampu a chakudya sanali kupezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Susan ndi antchito ake amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti athandize akazi pa Njira Yatsopano ya Moyo kukwaniritsa mikhalidwe imeneyi, koma amapitanso kukhoti nawo, kugwirana nawo chanza, ndi kupemphera nawo limodzi, pamene oweruza akugamulapo ngati kusungidwa kwawoko kuthetsedwa kosatha.
Ndikukumbukira kuti ndinaimbira foni Susan tsiku lina, patapita nthaลตi yaitali nditangocheza naye koyamba, ndipo ndinamupeza ali mโkhoti limodzi ndi mtsikana wina amene anali atangomutaya kumeneโmwachikhalireโmwana wake wamkazi. Mawu a Susan anali kungโambika ndi kuswa foni, ndipo analephera kuletsa misozi, pamene anati: โNdakhala pano mlungu wonse ku khoti, ndikuyangโana ndi kudikirira pamene mabanjawa akungโambika. Ndikuwona akazi awa akuchita zonse zomwe angathe, komabe ana awo akutengedwa. Kodi tingachite bwanji zimenezi kwa anthu? Kodi alipo amene akumvetsa zimene zikuchitika pano? Ndife okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosawerengeka kuyika anthu omwe akusowa thandizo m'makola, ndipo akatuluka timati simungakhale ndi ntchito, ndipo simungakhale ndi nyumba, komanso chifukwa mulibe ife. mutenganso ana anu. Nthawi zina ndimaganiza kuti sindingathe kupitiriza, kuti sindingathe kupiriranso kuonera izi kapena kuchita izi.โ
Koma iye amatero. Tsiku ndi tsiku, Susan amakhalapo nthawi zonse, akulandira amayi obwera kuchokera kundende, kuwapatsa chithandizo ndi chitsogozo chochuluka momwe angathere, ndikuyenda nawo m'bwalo lamilandu. Mobwereza bwereza. Mofanana ndi Harriet Tubman, amene anathandiza kwambiri kumanga njanji ya Underground Railroad ya akapolo othaลตa amene ankalakalaka kumasuka ndi kukumananso ndi okondedwa awo, Susan wapereka moyo wake kuthandiza anthu amene ali mโndende masiku ano kuti apumule ufulu wawo, kuyesa kumanganso miyoyo yawo. ndi mabanja, ndipo mwachiyembekezo ayamba kuchira ku zowawa zake zonse.
Sindikuganiza kuti ndimamvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta zomwe anthu amakumana nazo m'ndende zaku America mpaka ndidayamba kupeza nthawi yomvetsera nkhani zawo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti anthu kawirikawiri sasintha maganizo awo kapena kupanga dziko latsopano maganizo pa mfundo kapena deta okha; ndi kudzera mu nkhani (ndi machitidwe omwe ali mkati mwawo) kuti tibwere kudzamasuliranso dziko lapansi ndikukulitsa chifundo ndi chifundo kwa ena. Mbiri ya moyo wa Susan Burtonโyodzala ndi zowawa, kulimbana, ndi kulimba mtima kwenikweniโndi nkhani yeniyeni imene ili ndi kuthekera kosintha mmene timaonera dziko lathu. Sizingatheke kuti tiwerenge nkhani yake komanso kuti tisamavutike kuti tiganizirenso zomwe tikuganiza pazachiwembu-zachiwembu, komanso zikhulupiriro zomwe timakhala nazo zokhudzana ndi anthu amoyo, opuma omwe ife, monga fuko, tawatsutsa ndi kuwataya. Mโmalo andale amasiku ano timalimbikitsidwa nthaลตi zonseโkudzera mโzoulutsira nkhani, andale, ndi maulamuliro a bomaโkuona magulu ena a anthu ofotokozedwa ndi fuko ndi gulu kukhala osayenera chisamaliro ndi nkhaลตa, makamaka oledzeretsa, zigawenga, ndi anthu otchedwa osaloledwa ndi lamulo. atsekeredwa mโndende, mโmalo otsekeredwa mโndende, ndi mโmalo ogona anthu ku United States.
Paulendo wanga woyamba ku A New Way of Life, Susan anandikhazika pansi pa sofa mโnyumba yopanda kanthuโanthu okhalamo anali kunja kwanthaลตiyoโndipo mwakachetechete anayamba kufotokoza nkhani yake. Adafotokozanso kuti odyssey yake yokhala ndi milandu yamilandu idayamba pomwe mwana wake wazaka 5 adaphedwa mwangozi ndi wapolisi wolembedwa ntchito ndi dipatimenti ya apolisi ku Los Angeles. Wapolisiyo amayendetsa mumsewu wake kudera la South Central ndipo adathamangira mwana wake akuwoloka msewu. LAPD poyamba silinapereke chipukuta misozi, palibe uphungu, palibe chithandizo chovulala - ngakhale kupepesa. Anagwera mโchitsime chakuya, chooneka ngati chopanda malire chachisoni ndi kupsinjika maganizo.
Sindikukayika kuti zinthu zikadakhala mosiyana Susan akanakhala wolemera komanso woyera. Ngakhale atakhala kuti anali wapakati ndipo anali ndi mwayi wopeza inshuwaransi yabwino yaumoyo, akanatha kulandira chithandizo kwa zaka zambiri komanso kupatsidwa mankhwala ovomerezeka ovomerezeka kuti athe kupirira vuto lakelo. Koma zinthu zinali zosiyana kwa Susan. Pokhala wopanda ndalama ndi njira yochirikizira, anayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kumwerekera ndi crack. Pokhala mโdera losauka la anthu akuda lomwe linazingidwa panthaลตi ya Nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, panangopita nthaลตi pangโono kuti Susan amangidwe nโkupereka pempho lake loyamba. Sikukanakhala komaliza. Susan anayenda panjinga ndi kutuluka mโndende kwa zaka 15, atatsekeredwa mโmalo aanthu angโonoangโonoโmโchilengedwe chofanana ndi chimene chilipo kwa anthu otchedwa zigawenga ndi zigawenga mโnyengo ya kutsekeredwa mโndende. Nthawi iliyonse yomwe adatulutsidwa, adakumana ndi malamulo ndi malamulo atsankho omwe adapangitsa kupulumuka kukhala kosatheka, ndipo adapitilizabe kudzipangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Modabwitsa, Susan pamapeto pake adaloledwa kuloลตa m'malo opangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikupatsidwa ntchito. Atakhala woyera, anaganiza zopereka moyo wake wonse kuonetsetsa kuti palibe mkazi wina amene adzavutike ndi zimene anakumana nazo. Anayamba kukumana ndi basi yandende, pamene inamasula akazi mโmakwalala osanyamula kalikonse koma makatoni okhala ndi katundu wawo ndi madola angapo mโmatumba. Iye anauza akazi amene sanali kumโdziลตa kuti: โTiyeni tipite nane kunyumba, mugone pakama panga kapena pansi. Ndidzaonetsetsa kuti muli ndi denga pamwamba pa mutu wanu ndi chakudya choti mudye. Simukuyenera kutembenukira kumisewu usikuuno.
Susan anandifotokozera kuti, pachiyambi, ankangofuna kupatsa akazi omwe ankavutika kuti apeze chakudya, pogona, chitetezo, ndi chichirikizo pamene akugwirizanitsanso miyoyo yawo. Koma tsopano, Susan adati, akuwona kuti ntchito yake ndi cholinga chake ndizokulirapo. Akufuna kuthandiza kumanga gulu, gulu lomenyera ufulu wa anthu lomwe lidzapereka njira yopita ku moyo watsopano kwa tonsefe. Iye anayambitsa Tonsefe kapena Palibe, bungwe lodzipereka kuti libwezeretse ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu waumunthu kwa anthu omwe kale anali m'ndende, ndipo layamba kuphunzitsa amayi omwe ali mbali ya A New Way of Life kuti akhale atsogoleri, olankhulira, ndi okonza mapulani. Amawona amayi omwe amakhala ndikugwira naye ntchito osati ngati anthu oti "athandizidwe," koma amayi omwe akugwirizana nawo kuti athetsenso moyo wawo, ndikusintha madera awo ndi dziko lonse.
Chiyambireni nkhaniyo pabedi lake zaka zingapo zapitazo, ine ndi Susan takhala tikukambirana zambiri za tsogolo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ndikulimbikitsana kuthetsa kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri. Wakhala bwenzi ndi munthu woululira zakukhosi, komanso wodziwika bwino wanga. Nthawi zonse ndikalankhula naye ndimakumbutsidwa chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu omwe akhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi chisalungamo awoneke ngati othandizana nawo komanso atsogoleri amagulu achilungamo omwe tikufuna kumanga. Monga loya komanso ngati wophunzira, nthawi zambiri ndimazunguliridwa ndi anthu omwe amaganiza kuti amadziwa mayankho, komanso momwe angafotokozere vutolo, komanso amakhala ndi malingaliro osatha pa zomwe ndiyenera kuchita. Iwo achita kafukufuku wawo ndikuwerenga deta ndikuwerenga malipoti ndipo amadziwa momwe angayendetsere m'mabwalo amphamvu. Komabe kaลตirikaลตiri chimene iwo amasoลตa ndicho chidziลตitso choyenerera cha moyoโnjira zakuya, zozama zodziลตira ndi kuwona zimene zimabwera chifukwa chokhala mโchisalungamo chaufuko ndi chikhalidwe ndi kupanga njira yopulumukira. Zomwe ndapeza ndikuti ndili ndi zambiri zoti ndiphunzire kuchokera kwa Susan Burton kuposa momwe amachitira kwa ine, mosasamala kanthu za kafukufuku ndi zolemba zomwe ndakhala ndikuchita pazaka zonsezi.
buku la Susan, Kukhala Mayi Burton: Kuchokera Kundende Kufikira Kuchira Kupita Kutsogolera Nkhondo Ya Amayi Omangidwa, si nkhani chabe yongonena za mkazi yemwe anali mโndende wodzipereka kuti azigwira ntchito zachilungamo komanso zaufulu mโnthawi ya kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri. Ndi nkhani ya mkazi wakuda yemwe, monga momwe amandiuzira nthawi zambiri, "palibe chapadera" komabe adakwanitsa kusintha moyo wake komanso mazana a miyoyo yozungulira iye. Wakhala wotsogola pantchito yothetsa kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri, nthawi zonse amatsogoza ndi chitsanzo komanso osatsogolera yekha. Bukuli limasimba nkhani ya mayi wina wodziwika kwa ogwira ntchito ndi anthu okhalamo monga Mayi Burton, koma limafotokozanso nkhani yotakata, yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhudza kufooka ndi kulimba mtima kwa mzimu wa munthu, ngakhale atakumana ndi kugonana koopsa, thupi. , ndi kuzunzidwa maganizo. Pamapeto pake, iyi ndi nkhani yonena za mmene dongosolo lonse la malamulo opondereza, malamulo, ndondomeko, ndi zochita zalephera kuphwanyiratu mzimu wa mkazi mmodzi ndi mizimu ya akazi ambiri amene adutsa pakhomo la A New Way of Life. , ngakhale kuti dongosololi layesera. Kubwereka ndakatulo ya Maya Angelou, "Ndipo amawukabe ngati fumbi."
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