Anthu mamiliyoni mazana atatu aku America akhoza kulamulira chuma ndi dziko
Marcus Tullius Cicero, wanthanthi ndi wolamulira Wachiroma anati: “Ufulu ndiwo kukhala ndi phande m’mphamvu.” Mwa muyezo womwewo aku America sali mfulu. Sititenga nawo mbali mu mphamvu. Tilibe ngakhale mphamvu pa moyo wathu wachuma, "oimira" athu osankhidwa amatinyalanyaza ndikumvetsera zofuna zandalama zomwe zimatumiza United States molakwika pa nkhani pambuyo pa nkhani. Anthu aku America akudziwa bwino, idzalamulira bwino ndipo iyenera kutenga nawo mbali pa ulamuliro.
Mukayang'ana mopanda chidwi za chuma cha US, ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zikufuula kuti anthu aku America adzuke, aimirire ndikufuula kuti: "tikhoza kuchita bwino kuposa akuluakulu andale ndi azachuma." Mwayi woyimilira uli pano: October 2011.org.
Nkhaniyi ikukamba za ndondomeko zapakhomo zomwe zikuwononga chuma champhamvu kwambiri m'mbiri, koma ndalama zowononga nkhondo, zomwe zimapanga ndalama zoposa theka la discretionary federal ndalama, ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa kwachuma. Katswiri wazachuma yemwe adapambana Mphotho ya Nobel, Joseph Stiglitz akulemba: “Masiku ano, dziko la America likuika maganizo ake pa ulova ndi kupereŵera. Zonse ziwiri zomwe zikuwopseza tsogolo la America sizingachitike, ngakhale pang'ono, kunkhondo ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Iye ndi Linda Bilmes anawerengera ndalama zankhondo zaku America zaka zitatu zapitazo zosunga ndalama zokwana $3 thililiyoni mpaka $5 thililiyoni - ndalama izi zakwera kuyambira pamenepo.
Kunyumba kulephera kwankhanza kwa boma kumawonekera m'njira zomwe anthu aku America ogwira ntchito amachitiridwa. Kuchuluka kwa ulova si nkhani yokha; Zaka makumi anai za ndalama zosasunthika komanso kuchepa kwa ndalama zonse zapakhomo zomwe zimapita kwa ogwira ntchito ndizochitika zanthawi yayitali; kusokonekera kwa chuma cha anthu, kutsekeredwa kwa mbiri, ngongole za ophunzira ndi kusokonekera kwa moyo wathu wachuma zonse zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kusintha kwachuma ku chuma chatsopano, cha demokalase.
Ulova wakula mosalekeza. Pafupifupi 31% ya ogwira ntchito ku U.S adakumana ndi ulova kapena kusowa ntchito nthawi inayake mu 2009. Purezidenti Obama sanakhazikitsepo pulogalamu yeniyeni ya ntchito m'malo mwake amangokhalira kuganizira zopuma misonkho - zomwe zatsimikiziridwa. wopanda yankho tsopano chifukwa chake kukula kwa ntchito zero. Pulogalamu ya kuchuluka kwa ulova kumachepetsa kwambiri ulova chifukwa chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cha ndale ndipo chasinthidwa kwa zaka zambiri, mwachitsanzo mu 1994 boma linasiya kuwerengera antchito omwe adagwa mphwayi omwe adasiya kufunafuna ntchito. Pa nthawi yomwe an nthawi zonse Chiwerengero cha anthu aku America "sakugwira ntchito" kugwiritsa ntchito deta uku kumakhudza kwambiri. Kusanthula kwandale kwa ulova, komwe kumawerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akufunika ntchito, kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa kusowa kwa ntchito kwa 22.5%. mbiri yanthawi zonse anthu 34 miliyoni pakali pano akusowa ntchito.
Pali zitsanzo zambiri za ulova wambiri, kusowa kwa ntchito komanso anthu omwe amasiya ntchito, koma chomwe chidandichititsa chidwi posachedwapa chinali lipoti lochokera ku Bureau of Labor Statistics, akusimba kuti 51 peresenti ya achinyamata alibe ntchito:
"M'mwezi wa Julayi, chiŵerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito ndi achinyamata - chiwerengero cha anthu azaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 24 omwe sanagwire ntchito - chinali 48.8 peresenti, chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri pa mndandanda ... (Mwezi wa July nthawi zambiri ndi nthawi yachilimwe. pachimake pa ntchito achinyamata.)”
Makumi asanu ndi mmodzi mwa achinyamata pa 100 aliwonse omwe alibe ntchito komanso ocheperapo ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'tsogolomu chifukwa zimabwera panthawi yomwe ophunzira akusiya sukulu. ngongole yaikulu kuposa kale. A posachedwa lipoti la Moody's Analytics anapeza mbiri kubwereketsa ndi ophunzira aku koleji omwe akumaliza maphunziro awo popanda ntchito. M'zachuma momwe anthu anali ndi mphamvu timawona maphunziro aulere aku koleji m'malo mochepetsa ndalama za Pell Grants komanso kuchuluka kwamaphunziro kumakoleji aboma.
In lipoti la Tsiku la Ntchito, Bungwe la Economic Policy Institute likusonyeza kuti kusowa kwa ntchito kumasiya zipsera za nthawi yaitali m'mabanja ndi m'madera. Zowawa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha ulova wopitilira muyeso sizimangokhala kwa ogwira ntchito omwe sali pakali pano koma zimafikira kwa ogwira ntchito ambiri komanso dziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha malipiro otayika, ndalama ndi chuma, komanso umphawi wambiri.
Monga chitsanzo cha ambiri, ku California banja limodzi mwa ana anayi linali ndi vuto la kudyetsa ana awo, ndithudi 68.6% ya ophunzira m'masukulu a Fresno County ndi 65.6% ku Los Angeles County anali oyenerera kulandira chakudya chaulere kapena chotsika mtengo mu 2010. Padziko lonse, a National Academy of Sciences adatulutsa lipoti lomwe linamaliza 52,765,000 Achimereka, 17.3% ya anthu, amakhala mu umphawi mu 2009. Ndipo, kwa ana, chiwerengero cha kalembera chimasonyeza chiwerengero cha miliyoni 15.5 Ana a ku America ankakhala mu umphawi mu 2009 - 20% mwa ana onse. Malinga ndi 2011 lipoti lochokera ku Children's Defense Fund, "tsiku lililonse ku America Makanda 2,573 amabadwa mu umphawi.” Milingo yonse ya umphawiyi yakula kwambiri m’zaka ziwiri zapitazi kuchokera pamene lipoti la kalembera wa anthu, ndiye kuti anthu sakukayikira.
Kugwa kwachuma kunachititsa kuti anthu ambiri a m’banja la United States akhale olemera yatsika ndi 28%. Izi zikuyimira kutayika kwa $ 27,000 panyumba - m'mabanja zomwe zimapanga ndalama zochepa lero kuposa momwe adachitira kale mu 1971. Pakadali pano, aku America pafupifupi 62 miliyoni, 20% a mabanja aku US, ali ndi ziro kapena zoyipa. Inde, ambiri, kapena 64%, aku America alibe ndalama zokwanira lilipo kuti lithandizire ndalama zokwana $ 1,000, malinga ndi National Foundation for Credit Counseling.
Ogasiti 2011 lipoti la National Employment Law Project ikumaliza ntchito zomwe zidapangidwa kuyambira pomwe kugwa kwachuma kudatha ndikuchepetsa ndalama za ogwira ntchito: 73% ya ntchito zomwe zidapangidwa kuyambira pomwe akuyembekezeka kuyambiranso ndi ntchito zamalipiro ochepa, pomwe ogwira ntchito amapeza pakati pa $7.51 (malipiro ochepera adziko) ndi $13.52 pa ola ($15,621 mpaka $28,122). chaka chanthawi zonse). Mosiyana ndi izi, 60% ya ochotsedwa anali pantchito zapakati zomwe zimapanga pakati pa $28,142 ndi $42,973 pachaka.
Kusinkhasinkha kofunikira pa Tsiku la Ntchito ndi: kodi tikuwona imfa ya anthu apakati? Kodi tili m’chimene Marx anachilongosola kukhala kudziwononga tokha kwa Ukapitalist wotsogola wolamulidwa ndi zachuma? Gawo la ogwira ntchito pa ndalama zonse zapakhomo latsika pomwe phindu la ndalama likukwera. Gulu la osunga ndalama limadziwa kuti chuma chawo chimachokera pakuchepetsa mtengo wantchito. JPMorgan posachedwa adauza omwe amawagulitsa: “Chipukuta misozi cha ogwira ntchito ku US tsopano chatsika kwa zaka 50 poyerekeza ndi malonda amakampani ndi GDP ya US . . . kuchepetsedwa kwa malipiro ndi mapindu akufotokoza zambiri zakusintha kwabwino kwa ndalama. " Zowonadi, malinga ndi JPMorgan, 75% ya kuwonjezeka kwa phindu la phindu kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa malipiro a ogwira ntchito.
Chikhumbo chofuna kupeza phindu lalifupi kwambiri chikuchititsa kuti chuma chiziyenda bwino chifukwa anthu ogwira ntchito sangathenso kuwononga ndalama zokwanira kapena kubwereka ndalama zokwanira kuti chuma chiyende bwino ndi ndalama zake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ngongole potengera ngongole. Monga David Cay Johnston imati: “Maziko ofooka sangachirikize bwino malo aakulu kwambiri.”
Umboni winanso wa gawo lotsogola la chuma-likulu ndi mbali ina ya equation, kuchuluka kwa chuma. The olemera anthu 400 ku US ali ndi chuma chochuluka monga 154 miliyoni aku America kapena 50% ya anthu. Olemera 1% mwa anthu aku US tsopano ali ndi mbiri 40% ya chuma chonse - chuma chochuluka kuposa 90% ya anthu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri wopangidwa ndi Auditing and Financial Advisory firm Deloitte, Mamiliyoni ambiri aku US tsopano ali nawo $ 38.6 zankhaninkhani, pachuma kuwonjezera pa chiŵerengero $ 6.3 zankhaninkhani, zobisika mumaakaunti akunyanja.
Ndi anthu 74 aku America okha omwe ali mgulu lapamwamba ili, anthu omwe amapeza ndalama pachaka ndi $50 miliyoni kapena kupitilira apo. Ndalama zapakati pagululi zinali $ Miliyoni 91.2 mu 2008. Modabwitsa momwe ziliri, mu 2009 iwo adachita avareji $ Miliyoni 518.8 iliyonse, kapena pafupifupi $10 miliyoni pa sabata. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mkati mwa kugwa kwachuma, anthu olemera 74 aku America adawonjezera ndalama zawo kuposa kasanu kamodzi pachaka. Anthu 5wa adapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa miliyoni 19 ogwira ntchito pamodzi.
Inde, pa nthawi ya kugwa kwachuma. olemera akulemera pamene enafe tikusauka. Mu 2009 mokha, malipiro a anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri ku America quintupled, pamene aku America ambiri anadzipeza okha pa masitampu a chakudya kuposa kale. Ma CEO adakweza 23% chaka chatha ndipo phindu lamakampani ndi lokwera kwambiri pomwe malipiro ochepa ali ndi mphamvu zogulira pano kuposa mu 1956.
Ngati tikhalabe panjirayi, a chuma chosonkhanitsidwa ndi mabanja mamiliyoni ambiri chikuyembekezeka kukwera ndi 100% pazaka 9 zotsatira. Kuchokera pa $92 thililiyoni yomwe inagwiridwa ndi olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu 2011, pofika chaka cha 2020 mabanja olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala ndi $202 thililiyoni, kapena pafupifupi kanayi GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi. Ngati mukuganiza kuti kugawanika kwachuma kuli koyipa tsopano, pokhapokha ngati kusintha kwakukulu kupangidwa, kudzakhala koipitsitsa.
Olemera akulemerabe pamene osauka akumka nasauka ndipo anthu apakati akuzimiririka, osati chifukwa chakuti olemera ali ochenjera kapena akugwira ntchito molimbika, koma chifukwa cha ziphuphu zachinyengo za capitalism. The olemera ayesetsa kulamulira boma kuyambira koyambirira kwa 1970s. Kampeni yosankhanso chisankho ya Purezidenti Obama biliyoni imodzi ikuchitira chitsanzo ichi. Akugwira zopangira ndalama komwe iye amalipiritsa $35,800 pololedwa - izi ndizoposa ndalama zapakatikati za ogwira ntchito aku America. Mamembala khumi ndi awiriwa adasankhidwa ku Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction adalandira ndalama zokwana $64.5 miliyoni ochokera m’magulu achidwi chapadera m’zaka khumi zapitazi, makampani azamalamulo akupereka pafupifupi $31.5 miliyoni ndi makampani a Wall Street akupereka pafupifupi $11.2 miliyoni. Ndipo kuyambira pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira, akhala kufunafuna zopereka kuchokera ku Wall Street.
Chifukwa cha chiphuphu ichi chobisika ngati zopereka za kampeni, mfundo zasokonekera kwa olemera kwambiri, zitsanzo zina mwa ambiri:
- 1,470 Achimereka adapeza ndalama zoposa $1 miliyoni mu 2009 ndipo sanapereke aliyense misonkho.
- M'mbuyomu US anali ndi msonkho wowonjezera wa phindu pa anthu olemera kwambiri m'nthawi yovuta yazachuma, tsopano andale amalankhula za kutsitsa mtengo pamabulaketi apamwamba amisonkho.
- The kulemetsa msonkho kwa olemera kwambiri ndi otsika mopanda chilungamo. Ziwerengero za IRS yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Meyi iyi ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2008, chaka chaposachedwa kwambiri chomwe ziwerengero zilipo, msonkho wa msonkho ndi 18.1% pa anthu olemera 400 aku America, pomwe wina yemwe ali ndi ndalama zokhoma msonkho za $ 60,000 atachotsedwa ndikulipira 25%.
- Warren Buffet akufotokoza kuti amalipira msonkho wa 17.4% okha chifukwa cha ndondomeko zomwe kukopa olemera, “Mukapeza ndalama ndi ndalama, monga momwe anzanga ena olemera kwambiri amachitira, chiŵerengero chanu chikhoza kukhala chocheperapo kuposa changa. Koma ngati mutapeza ndalama kuchokera kuntchito, ndalama zanu zidzaposa zanga - mosakayika kwambiri. "
- Zambiri zazikulu mabungwe salipira msonkho, ambiri amalandira ndalama zambiri za msonkho, ngakhale amapeza mbiri.
- Misonkho yamakampani yatsika mosasintha kuyambira m'ma 1950, ndi katundu wochulukirachulukira akugwera mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
- The SEC yakhala ikubisa zolakwa za Wall Street powononga umboni.
- The Federal Reserve mabanki ngongole ndi makampani ena okwana $1.2 thililiyoni a ndalama zaboma pamitengo yachiwongola dzanja chochepa kwambiri.
Izi siziyenera kukhala chonchi. 1% olemera kwambiri sayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zandale kuposa anthu 300 miliyoni. Anthu ali ndi mayankho - ngati malingaliro a Amereka anatsatiridwa dziko adzakhala pa njira yoyenera pa nkhani zambiri zovuta. Tikhoza khazikitsani demokalase pazachuma ndikupatsa anthu mphamvu zowongolera miyoyo yawo komanso kukopa chuma. Koma, ndi udindo wa anthu kufuna kuti andale azimvera.
Zida zachikhalidwe za zisankho ndi kukopa anthu sizikugwiranso ntchito. Anthu aku America akuyenera kupanga gulu lodziyimira pawokha komanso media odziyimira pawokha limodzi ndi ndale zodziyimira pawokha kuti atsutse ziphuphu zakuzama m'boma la America zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi corporatism. Kuti inayamba pa October 6, 2011, pamene Achimereka abwera ku Washington, DC ndikukhala mu Freedom Plaza kuti adzayitanitse kutha kwa corporatism ndi militarism.
Kuwonongeka kwachuma kwa 98% ya anthu aku America kwakhala njira yayitali yomwe anthu amatha kutembenuka - mungakhale otsimikiza kuti boma silidzachita. Zili ndi ife. Pa Tsiku la Ntchito ili Achimerika akuyenera kuyang'ana moona mtima komanso mozama mu ziphuphu za boma ndi akuluakulu azachuma ndi ndale komanso funa kuti titenge nawo mbali mu mphamvu.
Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu 2011 pokonzekera Occupy Washington DC.
Kevin Zeese amatsogolera Ndi Economy Yathu ndipo ali mu komiti yotsogolera ya October 2011.org. Zeese tsopano amatsogolera Kukaniza Kwambiri komwe kudachokera ku Occupy Movement.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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