Nkhondo ina ikuchitika ku Libya: mafunso ndi 'motani' komanso 'liti'? Ngakhale chiyembekezo cha nkhondo ina yankhondo sichingathe kupulumutsa Libya ku chipwirikiti chomwe chilipo pachitetezo komanso mikangano yandale, zitha kusintha momwe mikangano idakhalira mdziko lolemera, koma logawanika, lachiarabu.
Chofunika kwambiri pankhondo ndi kupeza mdani kapena, ngati pakufunika, kupanga mdani. Chomwe chimatchedwa 'Islamic State' (IS), ngakhale sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazandale zogawikana mdziko muno, chikuyenera kukhala mdani woteroyo.
Libya pakali pano yagawika, ndale, pakati pa maboma awiri, ndipo, m'malo, pakati pa magulu ankhondo ambiri, zigawenga, mafuko ndi ma mercenaries. Ndilo dziko lolephera kuchita bwino, ngakhale kutchulidwa koteroko sikuchita chilungamo pazovuta za mlandu waku Libya, komanso zomwe zidayambitsa kulephera kumeneko.
Tsopano popeza 'IS' yalanda mzinda wa Sirte, womwe kale unali malo achitetezo a mtsogoleri wakale wa Libya, Muammar Gaddafi, komanso mpanda wa fuko la al-Qadhadhfa, zochitika zikuipiraipira kuposa kale. Nzeru zodziwika bwino zimanena kuti kubwera kwa gulu lamwayi, lokhetsa magazi ndizochitika zachilengedwe poganizira zakusowa kwa chitetezo chobwera chifukwa cha mikangano yandale ndi yankhondo. Koma pali zambiri ku nkhaniyi.
Zochitika zazikulu zingapo zidapangitsa kuti pakhale chipwirikiti komanso chipwirikiti ku Libya. Chimodzi chinali kulowererapo kwa asitikali a NATO, komwe kudakwezedwa, ndiye, ngati njira yothandizira anthu aku Libya poukira mtsogoleri wakale, Gaddafi. NATO inalephera kuwerenga mwadala chigamulo cha 1973 cha UN, chinapangitsa kuti 'Operation Unified Protector', yomwe inagonjetsa Gaddafi, inapha masauzande ambiri ndikupereka dzikolo m'manja mwa magulu ankhondo ambiri omwe panthawiyo ankadziwika kuti 'opanduka'.
Kufulumira komwe NATO idapereka kunkhondo yake - chomwe cholinga chake chinali, poyesa kuletsa 'kupha anthu' - kudapangitsa ambiri atolankhani kukhala othandizira kapena chete. Ndi ochepa amene analimba mtima kuyankhula:
"Ngakhale kuti ntchito ya NATO ya UN inali yoteteza anthu wamba, mgwirizanowu udasinthiratu ntchitoyo. Potengera mbali imodzi pankhondo yapachiweniweni kuti achotse ulamuliro wa Gaddafi, idakhala gulu lankhondo lankhondo la zigawenga zomwe zili pansi," analemba Seumas Milne mu Guardian mu May 2012.
"Chifukwa chake ngakhale kuti anthu ophedwa mwina anali pakati pa 1,000 ndi 2,000 pomwe NATO idalowererapo mu Marichi, pofika Okutobala akuti NTC (National Transitional Council) inali 30,000 - kuphatikiza masauzande a anthu."
Chochitika china chofunikira chinali zisankho. Anthu a ku Libiya adavota mu 2014, zomwe zidapereka zenizeni zandale pomwe 'maboma' awiri amadzinenera kuti ndi oyimira anthu aku Libya: wina ku Tobruk ndi Beida, ndipo wina ku Tripoli. 'Boma' lirilonse liri ndi zida zake zankhondo, mgwirizano wa mafuko ndi opindula m'madera. Komanso, aliyense akufunitsitsa kutenga gawo lalikulu la chuma chambiri chamafuta adzikolo komanso mwayi wopita kumadoko, motero akuyendetsa chuma chake.
Chochuluka chomwe mabomawa adatha kukwaniritsa, komabe, ndizovuta zandale ndi zankhondo, zomwe zimasokonezedwa ndi nkhondo zazikulu kapena zazing'ono komanso kuphana kwakanthawi. Ndiko kuti, mpaka 'IS' adawonekera powonekera.
Kubwera mwadzidzidzi kwa 'IS' kunali kothandiza. Poyamba, chiwopsezo cha 'IS' chinkawoneka ngati chokokomeza chonenedwa ndi anthu oyandikana nawo a Arabu a Libya kuti adzilungamitsira kulowerera kwawo kwankhondo. Kenako, zidatsimikiziridwa ndi umboni wavidiyo wowonetsa zowoneka 'NDI' 'zimphona' zikudula khosi la antchito osauka a ku Aigupto pagombe lina lodabwitsa. Kenako, patangochitika pang'ono, omenyera nkhondo a 'IS' adayamba kulanda mizinda yonse, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti atsogoleri aku Libya alowererepo.
Koma kulanda Sirte ndi 'IS' sikungafotokozedwe mophweka ngati gulu la zigawenga lomwe likufuna kulowa m'dziko logawikana pa ndale. Kulanda kwadzidzidzi kumeneku kunachitika mkati mwa ndale zomwe zingafotokoze kukwera kwa 'IS' momveka bwino.
Mu Meyi, Libya Dawn ya 166th Brigade (ogwirizana ndi magulu omwe panopa akulamulira Tripoli) adachoka ku Sirte popanda kufotokoza zambiri.
"Chinsinsi chikupitirizabe kuzungulira kuchotsedwa kwadzidzidzi kwa brigade," analemba Kamel Abdallah mu al-Ahram Weekly. "Akuluakulu sanaperekebe akaunti, ngakhale izi zidathandiza magulu ankhondo a IS kuti agwire bwino mzindawu."
Pomwe omenyera nkhondo a Salafi, pamodzi ndi zida za fuko la al-Qadhadhfa, adasamukira kuletsa kupita patsogolo kwa 'IS' (ndi kupha koopsa komwe kunachitika, koma sikunatsimikizidwebe) maboma onse aku Libya akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi 'IS'. Ngakhale mkulu wankhondo, wotsutsana ndi Chisilamu, Khalifa Heftar, komanso yemwe amatchedwa "Libyan National Army" sanayesetse kulimbana ndi 'IS', yomwe ikukulanso m'madera ena a Libya.
M'malo mwake, pamene 'IS' ikupita patsogolo ndikugwirizanitsa mphamvu zake ku Sirte ndi kwina kulikonse, Tobruk-based Prime Minister Abdullah Al-Thinni adalimbikitsa"alongo a mitundu ya Arabu"Kubwera kudzathandiza Libya ndikuchita ziwonetsero za ndege ku Sirte. Adalimbikitsanso mayiko achiarabu kuti alimbikitse UN kuti athetse zida zake ku Libya, zomwe zidadzaza kale ndi zida zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa mosavomerezeka kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana aku Arabu.
Boma la Tripoli likulimbikitsanso kuchitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi 'IS', koma maboma onse awiri, omwe adalephera kukwaniritsa ndondomeko yandale ya mgwirizano, amakanabe kugwirira ntchito limodzi.
Kuyitanira kwa Arabi kuti alowererepo mdziko la Libya pachitetezo chachitetezo chachitetezo chachitetezo cha dziko la Libya ndi chifukwa cha ndale, inde, chifukwa Al-Thinni akuyembekeza kuti kuwukira kwa ndege kudzapatsa mphamvu asitikali ake kuti awonjezere kulamulira dzikolo, komanso kulimbikitsa udindo wawo pandale. mgwirizano uliwonse wamtsogolo wothandizidwa ndi UN.
Koma nkhondo ina ikukonzekera kwina, nthawi ino ikukhudza anthu omwe akuwakayikira a NATO. Chiwembu chakumadzulo, komabe, chimakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe Al-Thinni adapangira ndale. The London Times inanenapo za August 1st kuti "mazana a asitikali aku Britain akukonzekera kupita ku Libya ngati gawo la ntchito yayikulu yapadziko lonse lapansi," yomwe iphatikizanso "asilikali ochokera ku Italy, France, Spain, Germany ndi United States ... kuti zikhazikitsidwe pamene magulu omenyana mkati mwa Libya atavomereza kupanga boma limodzi la mgwirizano wa dziko. "
Omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi yomwe, malinga ndi gwero la Boma la UK, ikhoza kukwaniritsidwa "kumapeto kwa Ogasiti", ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi zokonda zachuma ndipo ndi omwe adayambitsa nkhondo ku Libya mu 2011.
Pothirirapo ndemanga pa lipotili, Jean Shaoul analemba, "Italy, yomwe kale inali mphamvu yachitsamunda ku Libya, ikuyembekezeka kupereka gulu lalikulu kwambiri la asilikali apansi. France ili ndi mgwirizano wautsamunda komanso wamalonda ndi oyandikana nawo a Libya, Tunisia, Mali ndi Algeria. Dziko la Spain likusungabe malo okhala kumpoto kwa Morocco ndipo mayiko ena akuluakulu omwe akukhudzidwa, Germany, akufunanso kupeza mwayi wopeza chuma ndi misika yaku Africa.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti Libya, yomwe kale inali dziko lodziyimira pawokha komanso lolemera, ikukhala bwalo chabe bwalo lamasewera akulu azandale komanso zofuna zazikulu zachuma ndi zikhumbo. Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti anthu a ku Libiya ndi omwe amathandizira kuti dziko lawo ligawike, pomwe maulamuliro achiarabu ndi akumadzulo akukonza chiwembu kuti awonetsetse kuti chuma cha Libya chili ndi chuma komanso phindu lake.
Kutengedwa kwa Sirte ndi 'IS' kumanenedwa ngati mphindi yamadzi yomwe imayambitsanso nkhondo - yofanana ndi yomwe isanayambe kulowererapo kwa asilikali a NATO ku 2011. Mosasamala kanthu kuti Arabiya amaphulitsa Libya, kapena mphamvu za Kumadzulo zitero, vutolo. mโdzikolo mwachionekere chiwonjezeke, ngati sichikuipiraipira, monga momwe mbiri yasonyezera mochuluka.
Dr. Ramzy Baroud wakhala akulemba za Middle East kwa zaka zoposa 20. Iye ndi mlembi wapadziko lonse lapansi, wofalitsa nkhani, wolemba mabuku angapo komanso woyambitsa PalestineChronicle.com. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi My Father was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza's Untold Story (Pluto Press, London). Webusaiti yake ndi: www.ramzybaroud.net.
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