Ziwonetsero zambiri ku United States poyankha chigonjetso cha Purezidenti Donald Trump zikupanga kuthekera kokulirapo pakupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru mbali zosiyanasiyana zotsutsana ndi chipani ndi migwirizano. Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zongochita zionetsero ndi kupulumuka m'malo omwe ali ndi a Trump, zinthu ndizosiyana kwambiri m'matauni.
M'mizinda yambiri, ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Trump zaphatikizira magulu akumanzere, omenyera ufulu wa anthu othawa kwawo, omenyera ufulu wa Black Lives Matter, ochirikiza ufulu wakubereka ndi ena angapo andale. Pakati pa kuyitanitsa "mphamvu za anthu," magulu osiyanasiyana awa adayimba "osati purezidenti wanga!" ndipo adalengeza kuti amathandizira magulu ena ambiri omwe adasalidwa, kunyozedwa komanso kusalidwa ndi Purezidenti wosankhidwa.
Mphamvu za anthu siziyenera kumangokhalira kuyimba. Kupangidwa kwa mgwirizano wotsutsa-fascist kumapereka mwayi wosintha maloto ndi zikhumbozi kukhala pulogalamu yokhazikika komanso yosinthika pamlingo wa municipalities. Kodi anti-fascism ingachite chiyani pomanga njira iyi?
Mawu otsutsana ndi ma municipalities
Choyamba, pulogalamu ya Trump imaphatikizapo kuletsa "ndalama zonse za federal kumizinda yopatulika." Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati malo otetezeka kwa omwe alibe zikalata, makamaka pochepetsa kutsatiridwa kwa malamulo a Boma la Federal pamlingo wamba (nthawi zambiri chifukwa chosagwirizana). Chitetezo chitha kuphatikizanso ndondomeko zokhazikika, monga kupereka zolemba zamtundu wina kudzera pamapulogalamu a ID, omwe akhazikitsidwa ku New York City, San Francisco ndi New Haven, pakati pa ena.
Kutsutsa kwa a Trump ku mizinda yopatulika kwayika ma municipalities ngati patsogolo pakutsutsa. Mameya a Seattle, San Francisco, New York City, Los Angeles ndi Philadelphia onse adalonjeza kuti mizinda yawo ikhalabe malo opatulika, ngakhale atawopsezedwa ndi a Donald Trump. Ngati a Trump akufuna kupita patsogolo ndi mapulani ake okana ndalama kumizinda yopatulika, malo otere adzakakamizika kuganiza mozama momwe angachitire. - pamodzi, monga chitaganya cha ma municipalities - kutsutsa. Kusweka pakati pa maboma adziko ndi apakati kudzakulitsidwa.
Chachiwiri, kusintha kwa ndondomeko kukuchitika kale pamlingo wa municipalities. Mchitidwe wa mizinda yopatulika ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe. Maboma am'mizinda ku San Francisco Bay Area, New York City, Greater Boston, Chicago akuwonjezera ndalama zothandizira chitukuko cha ogwira ntchito-mgwirizano, ndikupereka mphamvu zachuma kwa anthu ammudzi kudzera kutenga nawo mbali pa bajeti - onse awiri ali nawonso anapatsa mphamvu anthu olowa m'mayiko ena opanda zikalata mโndondomeko zandale komanso pazachuma chawo chatsiku ndi tsiku.
Zochitikazi ndizochepa, ngakhale mkati mwa mizinda yomweyi, koma zikhoza kukankhidwa mopitirira. Njira yoti izi zichitike ndikudzera m'magulu odana ndi afascist. M'mizinda yambiri iyi muli kuphulika kwa magulu ankhondo opita patsogolo komanso opita kumanzere. Chisankhochi chapereka chilimbikitso chokhazikika kwa magulu otere kuti asonkhane kuposa kuchuluka kwa ziwonetsero ndi mikangano zomwe takhala tikuziwona m'masabata apitawa.
Chachitatu, zovuta zomwe zikuchitika mu chipani cha Democratic Party sizingawopsyeze kukhalapo kwake pakadali pano, koma kulephera kwake kusankha munthu wosankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti yemwe sanali waukadaulo wa neoliberal kwalimbikitsa kuyitanidwa kwa chipani chomwe chikupititsa patsogolo njira ina yolimba kuposa momwe zidalili. - komanso ku fascism komanso. Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Trump, iwo omwe ali odzipereka kukana chifano ndi kupititsa patsogolo njira ina adzakhala ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo izi m'matauni. Anthu ndi magulu ali omasuka ku malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
Chachinayi, kampeni ya Bernie Sanders yalola kuti liwu loti "socialism" likhale lokhazikika pamaboma. Kusamveka bwino kwa mawu akuti "democratic socialism" kumasiya khomo lotseguka ku matanthauzidwe omwe sali a demokalase chabe, koma amatha kutembenukira ku libertarian socialism yomwe ikufuna kukhazikitsa mabungwe omwe atsatira boma ndi pambuyo pa chikapitalist. Ndi mawu akuti socialism ya demokalase posachedwapa angoyamba kumene, pali mwayi wokwanira kuti musamangofunsa zomwe socialism imatanthauza ngati lingaliro, koma zomwe zingatanthauze pa ndondomeko ya ndondomeko.
Chifukwa chake, izi sizongokhudza ma municipalities omwe amadzipangira okha, koma za makonzedwe osagwirizana ndi boma pakati pa ma municipalities, monga omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.
Libertarian municipalism
Murray Bookchin, American eco-anarchist yemwe adadzitcha yekha "communalist," adapereka lingaliro la "libertarian municipalism" - lingaliro lomwe lidadalira kutukuka kwa mabungwe andale achitapo kanthu ngati mphamvu yotsutsana ndi dziko lapakati.
In The Next Revolution, Bookchin akufotokoza momveka bwino za pulogalamu ndi makonzedwe ankhanza a libertarian municipalism ndi confederalism yotsutsana ndi boma ya mizinda ndi matauni. M'mizinda, amakambirana za mwayi wopititsa patsogolo ndondomeko yochepa ya ndondomeko ndi pulogalamu yapamwamba. Zoyambazo zimakwaniritsa zofuna za umoyo wabwino wa anthu okhalamo ndipo zimapanga matumba a kutengapo mbali kwachindunji ndi kupatsa mphamvu zomwe zitha kukhala ngati miyala yosinthira masukulu ambiri. Pulogalamu yapamwamba ndi yomwe mphamvu za anthu zili pakatikati pa kusintha kwa mabungwe: apa, mphamvu zopangira zisankho zimasamutsidwa kuchokera ku mabungwe oimira ma municipalities kupita ku misonkhano yachindunji ya demokalase.
Kwa Bookchin, njira imodzi yokwaniritsira pulogalamu yaying'ono komanso yayikulu ndi "mwachisankho" kuchita nawo "malo ofunikira kwambiri amphamvu - khonsolo ya municipalities," kuti "ikakamize kuti ipange misonkhano yachigawo yamphamvu mwalamulo." Mwachindunji, Bookchin akulemba kuti โachikomyunizimu sazengereza kuloลตa mโmasankho a matauni amene, ngati atasankhidwa, angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zenizeni zimene maofesi awo amapereka kuti akhazikitse misonkhano yodziwika bwino.โ
Powonjezerapo kanthu, Bookchin akulemba kuti โmโmalo mwa chitaganya chingakhale chozikidwa pa mpambo wa misonkhano yotchuka yopanga malamulo yokhala ndi nduna zodziลตika bwino za makhonsolo a chitaganya a mโmadera ndi mโzigawoโโmakhonsolo amene ntchito yawo yokha, ndiyenera kutsindika, ingakhale kuweruza mikangano ndi kuchitapo kanthu. ntchito zoyendetsera bwino. โ
Janet Biehl, mnzake wanzeru wakale wa Bookchin, akulemba kuti โma chart chart a mizinda kapena malamulo ena adzasinthidwa kuti avomereze mphamvu za misonkhano mโmaboma odzilamulira okha.โ Ambiri Kumanzere - kuphatikizapo anarchists - akuyang'anitsitsa udindo wa malamulo oyendetsera dziko. Wina atha kupitilira izi ndikuyang'ana mwayi wopititsa patsogolo dongosolo lazachuma la post-state lomwe likugwirizana ndi confederalism, monga izi. adatchulidwa ndi Nathan Cedric Tankus.
Zirizonse zomwe zingakhale zovuta pokhudzana ndi ubale pakati pa kupanga ndondomeko ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kaubundu kadwendukambo KA kapangwe
Anti-fascist fronts ndi migwirizano
Kunena zomveka, sindikutsutsa kuti tidzawona asocialists akutsogolera chisinthiko chotsutsana ndi boma ku United States mofanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika ku United States. Rojava. M'malo mwake, mfundo yanga ndiyakuti pali mwayi wokwanira - ngakhale kufunikira - kupanga migwirizano yotsutsana ndi chifasisti pazovuta zambiri zomwe zingakumane ndi zovuta zina pansi paulamuliro wa Trump.
Magulu odana ndi afascist awa atha kulumikizidwa limodzi kudzera pamapulatifomu omwe amafanana ndi pulogalamu yocheperako komanso yayikulu kwambiri ya libertarian municipalism ndi confederalism, komanso kudzera pamapulatifomu ena omwe amapititsa patsogolo chilungamo cha chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe - ofanana ndi Movements of Black Lives Platform (zomwe zimafuna kutenga nawo mbali pa bajeti m'magawo am'deralo, chigawo ndi feduro, komanso a cooperative economic), kapena kupereka kwa anthu olowa m'mayiko ena opanda zikalata ufulu wovota pachisankho chapakati. Mwachidule, nsanja ndi migwirizano yomwe ili ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, anti-racist ndi feminist akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa pamodzi pansi pa mbendera ya anti-fascism.
Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zotheka ndikuti zochitika zapakati pa manicipalism ndi transnational municipalism zikuchitika kale - ndipo zikuchulukirachulukira. Mabungwe m'mizinda yambiri akulumikizana kale kudzera m'migwirizano monga Kumanja kwa City Alliance (RTTC), yomwe yakhazikitsa njira yopita patsogolo pazinthu zambiri monga ma commons, chilungamo chachuma, chikhalidwe chachilengedwe komanso chilengedwe, nkhanza za apolisi ndi ufulu wosamukira kumayiko ena.
Pansi pa chikwangwani cha "Democracy and Participation," RTTC ikufuna "Ufulu wakuwongolera anthu komanso kupanga zisankho pakukonzekera ndi kuyang'anira mizinda yomwe tikukhala ndikugwira ntchito, mowonekera komanso kuyankha, kuphatikiza ufulu wodziwitsa anthu popanda kufunsa mafunso." Chigawo china chachikulu cha njira ya RTTC ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, wofotokozedwa m'mawu awo ngati "ufulu wothandizira ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mizinda kudutsa malire a mayiko, popanda kulowererapo."
Kuwoneka kwa mayiko otere kungapezeke m'mapulogalamu monga Sister Cities International (Roma kwenikweni Adalengeza Kobane mzinda wachibale) ndi United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), yomwe ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa municipalities. Zogwirizana nazo, ziliponso ma ligi a ma municipalities akuboma, Ndi National League of Cities (NLC). Mabungwe omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi mizinda ikuphatikizapo Mizinda 100 Yokhazikika, ndi Mizinda Yachilengedwe, International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN), ndi ena angapo. M'malo mwake, ma municipalities, municipalization ndi zigawo zikukhala kale m'magulu.
Counter-power pamlingo wamba
Ma municipalities ena akutsatira mzere wa libertarian-municipalist - kapena akukonzekera. Ngakhale kuti Porto Alegre nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa chifukwa cha kupambana kwake pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa bajeti yogwirizana, ma municipalities angapo atenga mfundo zogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi gawo limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Venezuela, 100 peresenti ya ndalama zogulira tawuni ya Torres ndi anaganiza kudzera mu bajeti yogawana nawo. Ambiri mizinda ku Spain akhala malo atsopano achuma chogwirizana ndi demokalase yogawana nawo.
Ngakhale ku US, kampeni yopambana ya meya idapititsa patsogolo nsanja yofanana ndi ya libertarian municipalism. The Jackson Plan, yolimbikitsidwa ndi a Malcolm X Grassroots Movement ndi meya wakale wa Jackson, malemu Chokwe Lumumba mizati itatu: โKumanga Misonkhano Ya Anthuโ, โKumanga Chuma Chachigwirizano Chokhazikika โ nthawi zina chimayikidwa ngati kumanga โMondragon of the Southโ โ ndi โBuilding Network of Progressive Political Candidates.โ
Misonkhano si mawu osamveka pano, koma "okonzedwa ngati ziwonetsero za demokalase yotenga nawo mbali kapena mwachindunji." Atafunsidwa za demokalase mwachindunji poyankhulana ndi Jacobin, Chowkwe Lumumba limati "Ndikuganiza kuti anthu akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali pakusintha ndikusintha madera omwe azungulira iwo ndi anthu omwe akuwazungulira - kudziwa omwe amayang'anira mabungwe, momwe angasankhidwe, ndi omwe akuyenera kusankhidwa - mpaka mphamvu za anthu zitakhazikika. mofanana ndi, kukhala nthawi imodzi ndi chitukuko cha boma.โ Apa wina apeza kampeni yopambana - ku Deep South, nakonso! - zozikidwa momveka bwino pa kudziyimira pawokha kwa Akuda ndi ufulu wa sosholizimu.
Pakalipano, gulu lomwe langoyamba kumene lodana ndi chifasisti likulumikizana m'mizinda ndi matauni kudutsa US. Komabe gulu lotsutsa-fascistli siliyenera kukhalabe mumkhalidwe wotsutsa koyera ndi kukana. M'malo mwake, migwirizano imatha ndipo iyenera kupangidwa, kutengera mphamvu zawo kupititsa patsogolo pulogalamu yomwe ikubweretsa njira ina. M'lingaliro lina, panthawiyi, mphamvu yowonjezerayi ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yolimbana ndi kutsutsa komanso kutsutsa.
Trump ndi omutsatira ake a fascist asanayambe kutsutsidwa pamlingo wadziko lonse, tidzayenera kukhazikitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zotsutsana ndi magulu amderalo. Ndi kupyolera mu kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko ya demokalase yogawana nawo, kudziyendetsa nokha pazachuma, chilungamo cha mitundu, chilungamo cha chilengedwe ndi chilungamo cha amuna ndi akazi kuti maziko ogwira mtima kwambiri otsutsana ndi mphamvu angapangidwe. Ndi masomphenya odziwika a ndondomeko yomwe imakhudza zovuta za anthu amitundu yambiri aku US ogwira ntchito, kumanzere sikudzangopanga mphamvu zotsutsana, koma ngakhale kutsutsa-hegemony.
Alexander Kolokotronis is a PhD student in political science at Yale University. Iye ndiye woyambitsa wa Student Organisation for Democratic Alternatives, ndipo kale anali Wogwirizanitsa Wophunzira wa NYC Network of Worker Cooperatives ndi Worker Cooperative Development Assistant ku Make the Road New York.
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