Kodi mukukumbukira malingaliro a Iran ndi Venezuela ku OPEC mu Okutobala 2007 pakufunika kotsegulira mkangano m'bungwe ngati apitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito dola ngati ndalama zolipirira mbiya yamafuta kapena ayi? Lingaliro lomwe lidadzetsa mkangano pakati pa anthu ena, pofotokoza Ahmedinejad ndi Chavez ngati mbiri yakale, likuwoneka kuti likuyenera kukambirana malinga ndi Purezidenti wa bungweli, Chakib Khelil. OPEC idzachita izi panthawi yomwe Iran, m'modzi mwa mamembala ake ofunikira kwambiri, adayimitsa kale malonda onse a madola pokhazikitsa malo ake osinthanitsa mafuta. Momwemonso, Qatar yalengeza kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama zake zosungiramo ndalama zokomera ndalama zina monga Yuro. The United Arab Emirates akuyembekezeka kuchita chimodzimodzi mwezi wa May chaka chino.
Ndi ndalama zosinthira ku US $ 1.51 motsutsana ndi Yuro komanso kutsika kopitilira muyeso motsutsana ndi Yen, dolayo yatsala pang'ono kugwa. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso chomwe chabwerezedwa kwa nthawi ndithu tsopano (1) ngakhale sizikutanthauza kuti tili m'kati mwa dongosolo lachuma lamakono kapena m'mbiri ya zovuta zapakati pa mitsempha ya capitalism. Koma tikuwona kufooka kwapang'onopang'ono United States ndipo izi zimakwiyitsa mayendedwe, nthawi zina ang'onoang'ono koma ofunikira, pazomwe zili zofunika kwambiri: kuchepetsedwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa nkhokwe za dollar zamayiko osiyanasiyana (pakali pano 64.8% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi zimasungidwa mu madola) ndikusamutsira ku ndalama zina zamphamvu monga ma Euro. kapena Yen. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zocheperako komanso ndalama zochepa zogulira US ngongole yakunja pafupifupi 9 thililiyoni madola. M'malo mwake, dola monga ndalama yayikulu yochitira malonda apadziko lonse lapansi komanso ngati ndalama yayikulu yosungiramo mabanki apakati amayiko osiyanasiyana yataya pafupifupi 7 peresenti kuyambira 1999, kutsika kuchokera ku 71% ya nkhokwe zonse chaka chimenecho mpaka 64.8% pano, zomwe zikuwonetsa. kuti mayiko ambiri akuchepetsa kudalira kwawo US ndalama.
China ali ndi fungulo la kutha kwa dongosolo monga ife lero lino. Ndizokayikitsa kuti aku China angasankhe kutaya madola awo ochulukirapo (omwe pakali pano ali ndi madola 1.4 thililiyoni m'malo awo osungira) ndikuyambitsa kugwa kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti sakuyamba kuchita malonda ndi ndalama zina komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwachuma chamakono monga mafuta. Ponena za kufooka kwa dola, a Ching Siwei, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Permanent Committee of the People's National Congress adati mu Novembala watha kuti China "ikonzanso ndikusiyanitsa ndondomeko zake zachuma pazachuma komanso zachuma padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa timakonda kwambiri. ndalama".(2) Pofotokoza zomwe zikuchitika, dziko la China likugula kale mafuta mu Euro kuchokera ku Iran, zomwe zimapereka 13% ya mphamvu zomwe China ikufunikira.
Choncho kwa US kuti athetse kukhetsa magazi kosalekeza kumeneku kwatsala gawo limodzi lokha la moyo: Iraq. Izi zikutanthauza kuchulukitsa kupanga mafuta m'dzikolo ngakhale zivute zitani, kuonetsetsa kuti abwereranso ku OPEC mofanana ndi mamembala ena a OPEC - popeza Iraq idapuwala ndi UN panthawi ya boma la Saddam Hussein kutsatira zilango zomwe dzikolo lidalamulidwa - ndi koposa zonse, ndi kukhalapo kwa Iraq, kulimbikitsa Saudi Arabia, yomwe ikukakamizidwa kwambiri ndi mayiko ena omwe ali m'gulu la mafuta kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito madola ngati ndalama zokha zogulitsira mafuta.
Pamene Ahmadinejad ndi Chavez anapanga lingaliro lawo, a Saudis anali osafuna kuvomereza kapena ngakhale kukambirana ndipo anatha kupeลตa ngakhale kutchula nkhaniyo pa chilengezo chomaliza cha msonkhano wa OPEC. Koma zoona zake nโzaukali kwambiri. Kusunga mgwirizano ndi US kumawononga ndalama zambiri pankhani zandale ndi zachuma. Mu Saudi Arabia kukwera kwa mitengo kwatsopano ndikwapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira 1980, komwe kukuyenda pa 7%. Mu United Arab Emirates, kukwera kwa mitengo kwakwera kwambiri pa 9.3%. (3) Chifukwa chake si china koma kufooka kwa dola mu chuma cha dollar monga momwe mayikowo alili. Izi ndizomwe zapangitsa kuti a Saudis alole kuti mkono wawo upotoke ndikuvomera tsopano kukambirana za dollar malinga ndi zomwe Veenzuela adalemba. Iran.
"Normalizing" Iraq
Ndipo ndi zomwe US akuyesera kuti asiye, zivute zitani. Choyamba, zimalimbikitsa kupezeka kwa IraqMtumiki wa Mafuta, Hussein al-Sharistani, pamsonkhano uliwonse wokonzekera msonkhano wotsatira wa OPEC. Kachiwiri, ikukakamizika kuvomereza komaliza kwa lamulo la mafuta aku Iraq, lomwe lingasiyire gawo ili m'manja mwa US mafuta multinationals. Chachitatu, Bush adachita ulendo wake waposachedwa wachigawo - osati wamtendere, monga momwe anthu ambiri amawululira - kuwopseza maiko aku Gulf kuti asasinthe ndalama zawo zosungira. Chachinayi, ndi US ikukakamiza mayikowa kuti asakhazikitse mgwirizano wamalonda ndi Iran pa nthawi yomwe dzikolo langokhazikitsako kusinthana kwa mafuta kuti azigwira ntchito mu Euro osati madola.
Ndimatchula dala al-Sharistani ngati wothandizira wamkulu. Ndiye chakudya chokoma kwambiri chomwe Bush amatumikira padziko lonse lapansi. Ena amaganiza kuti izi ndichifukwa choti al-Sharistani ali ndi mphamvu zamakontrakitala zomwe zingapangitse kuti azigwiritsa ntchito Iraqnkhokwe za mafuta. Iraq ali ndi nkhokwe zamafuta zofanana ndi za Saudi Arabia, ngakhale akatswiri ena akuganiza kuti ndi aakulu - ndipo izo ziri popanda kuwerengera nkhokwe za gasi. Iraq ali ndi minda yayikulu isanu yomwe amawerengedwa kuti muli migolo biliyoni yamafuta. Ali Kirkuk (ku Kurdistan), Majoon (ku malire a Iran), Rumiala (kumwera), Quna (kumwera pafupi Basra komanso pafupi ndi malire a Irani), ndi Zubair (kumwera chakum'mawa). Deta izi ngakhale zodziwika bwino sizili chifukwa chazifukwa zosafunikira kuzikumbukira, popeza, monga Alan Greenspan, wamkulu wakale wa Federal Reserve ku US, adanena m'makumbukiro ake, "nkhondo ya Iraq ndi gawo lalikulu la mafuta".
Kukhalapo kwa Unduna wa Mafuta aku Iraq pamisonkhano yokonzekera msonkhano wotsatira wa OPEC ukuyenda molingana ndi zoyesayesa za Bush Bush kutsimikizira dziko lapansi kuti likuyenda ndi "normalization" yandale ndi yankhondo. Iraq. Zongopeka, monga nthawi zonse, koma mothandizidwa ndi zofalitsa zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati asitikali odabwitsa. Ngakhale kuti US idaguladi gawo lalikulu la zigawenga zaku Iraq popanga gulu lankhondo la "Awakening" - lomwe limalimbana ndi zigawenga komanso ngati chitetezo kwa asitikali omwe akukhalamo - silinathe kukhazika mtima pansi gulu lomwe likulamulidwa. ndi Muqtada al Sadr ngakhale kuti gulu lankhondo la Mahdi likuletsa kumenyana ndi omwe akulamulidwa ndi zigawenga za Sunni, omwe akupitiriza kulimbana ndi ogwirizana ndi olanda. Pakatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi "zokhazikika" ziwopsezo zankhondo zikuchitikabe pafupifupi m'dziko lonselo, osati motsutsana ndi asitikali omwe akukhala koma ndi ankhondo - "makampani achitetezo achinsinsi" - ndi othandizira.
Komabe, ngati wina akuyenera kuzindikira mbali ya ngongoleyo US Njira, kuukira kwa mapaipi amafuta kwatsika kwambiri m'miyezi ingapo yapitayo ndipo zomwe zapangitsa kuti mafuta aku Iraq achuluke mpaka migolo ya 2.4 miliyoni patsiku, mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira pomwe dzikolo linalandidwa zaka zisanu zapitazo. The US yayandikira kwambiri kumaliza njira yake yamagetsi. Idaganiza zotha 2007 ndikupanga migolo 2.8 miliyoni patsiku. Iraq (4) ndikufika pa 2.4 miliyoni. Tsopano ikucheperachepera ndipo imawerengera migolo ya 2.6 miliyoni patsiku kwa 2008, ngakhale cholinga chachikulu ndikufikira migolo yosachepera 6 miliyoni patsiku mkati mwa zaka zinayi zikubwerazi malinga ndi zomwe Nduna ya Mafuta aku Iraqi yanena poyankhulana ndi. nyuzipepala ya British Times. (5)
Izo zingalole US kuphwanya OPEC kuchokera mkati, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa migolo pamsika ndikutsitsa mtengo wamafuta mpaka kuchuluka komwe US amaona "zachilungamo" : US$30. Chiwerengero chomwe chimasiya mfundo imodzi yofunika kwambiri, yomwe si ndalama zofananira kuchotsa mbiya yamafuta. Saudi Arabia or Iraq, kutchula malo otsika mtengo, monga momwe Venezuela or Iran, kutchula malo okondedwa kwambiri. Mu Iran, zimatengera US$15 kutulutsa mbiya yamafuta. Chifukwa chake phindu lofananira la 1 mpaka 6 pamilandu ya Saudi (mafuta apamwamba kwambiri omwe, kuchokera pakuchotsa mpaka kugulitsa, ndi osavuta kupeza komanso otsika mtengo kupanga) amatsikira ku 1 mpaka 2 ku Iran chifukwa mafuta ake sali abwino, okoma. ndi zotsika mtengo ngati za Saudis ndi Iraqi.
Pa Januwale 24th chaka chino, al-Sharistani adakumana ku Amman, Jordan ndi maiko otsogola amafuta kuti akambirane za "mapangano othandizira paukadaulo", kapena m'mawu ena kuti agawane minda yamafuta, podikirira kuvomerezedwa kwalamulo lamafuta aku Iraq ndi nyumba yamalamulo yaku Iraq. Tangoganizani kampani yoyamba yomwe anakumana nayo ndi ndani? Exxon-Mobil, kampani yomweyi yomwe ili pamilandu Venezuela kwa nationalization mu 2007 zitsime mu Orinoco lamba wamafuta. Ngati wina akukhulupirira nyuzipepala yomwe ikufotokoza za chochitikacho, mgwirizano usayinidwa mwezi uno wa Marichi. Ndipo kotero kuti makontrakitala adzakhala opindulitsa ndi ntchito US akuyenera kusunga gulu lalikulu la asilikali Iraq mpaka kalekale.
Otsutsa aku Iraq
Al-Sharistani akusewera masewerawa US amafuna, koma zomwe sizikufunidwa ndi anthu ambiri aku Iraq. Ngakhale malinga ndi zisankho zochitidwa ndi atolankhani akumaloko, 70% ya aku Iraqi akutsutsana ndi zomwe amawona "kuperekedwa kwa ulamuliro wadziko". Mwina ndiye nkhani yokhayo yomwe pakali pano pali mgwirizano wambiri Iraq pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana. Pakalipano, chisinthiko chikuchitika mu mgwirizano pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana a ndale, makamaka pakati pa Kurds ndi Sunni, komanso pakati pa ma Shi'a.
Mgwirizano wapakati pa Kurdistan Patriotic Union, Kurdistan Democratic Party ndi (Sunni) Iraqi Islamic Party ukulimbitsa njira yogawanitsa yomwe United States idapanga kuti ipange dziko la federal, chinthu chomwe (Shi'ia) Supreme Islamic Revolutionary Council ikugwirizana nacho komanso yomwe yapempha kuti pakhale "dera lodzilamulira la zigawo za Nasseriya, Amarah ndi Najaf ndi madera ena a kum'mawa kwa Baghdad monga Diwaniyah, Samawa ndi Kut". Ndi gawo limodzi lokha la zigawenga zotsutsana ndi Occupation komanso magulu ankhondo a Muqtada al-Sadr omwe amatsutsana ndi federalization. Iraq. Koma dzikolo lagawika kwambiri kuposa kale ndipo izi zimasiya njira ya imperialist kukhala yaulere.
zolemba
(1) "Veinte cรฉntimos" http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=44199
(2) Diario ndi Pueblo, Novembala 8, 2007.
(3) Al Jazeera, February 25th 2008.
(4) "Ayi Iraq, ndi Venezuela"http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=39775
(5) The Times, February 8th 2008.
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