Ife ku UK tikukhala mu nthawi ya kusatsimikizika kopitilira muyeso, momwe zovuta zimawunjikana, zomwe zikupangitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kukhala osatetezeka, aumphawi, kupsinjika ndi matenda. Panali kusokonekera kwachuma kwa 2008, zaka khumi zazovuta, miliri isanu ndi umodzi yomwe idafika pachimake ku COVID-19 (ndi zina zotsatila), ndipo tsopano zovuta zamtengo wapatali pamene kukwera kwa inflation kukukwera, mwina kufika pa 20% yodabwitsa m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndipo, zachidziwikire, pali ngozi yomwe ikubwera padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe kusintha kwanyengo kukusokonekera, kubweretsa njala, chilala, kusefukira kwamadzi ndi zina zambiri.
Nassim Taleb adapanga mawu akuti 'wakuda swan' kufotokoza zododometsa zomwe zinali zachilendo, zosayembekezereka komanso zomwe zinali ndi zotsatira zowononga. Iwo sali osowa tsopano. Koma sadziwa - ponena za nthawi, kuti ndi chifukwa chiyani zidzachitikire komanso kuti ndani adzakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Pali chinthu chinanso. Zikuwoneka kuti anthu ambiri a ku Britain adzakhudzidwa ndi mantha otere. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akuyembekezeka kuvutika ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi mafuta m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zikubweretsa imfa zambiri komanso matenda. Masoka achilengedwe monga kusefukira kwa madzi atha kukhudza madera ambiri. Kukhala pa ntchito si chitsimikizo chakuti mudzathawa umphaลตi kapena kusoลตa chuma. Inu ndi ine sitingakhulupirire kuti sitidzakhala pakati pa ozunzidwa.
Kuchotsa katatu kuyenera kutuluka kuchokera muzochitika zosasangalatsa izi. Choyamba, kukula kwachuma kotheka sikungagonjetse ziwopsezozo. Chachiwiri, ndondomeko zakale sizothandiza kuthana ndi zovuta zatsopano. Chachitatu, tifunika kumanga kulimbikitsana kwa anthu, njira yatsopano yogawa ndalama komanso njira yatsopano yotetezera anthu. Kutsata anthu ochepa kungakhale kopanda phindu komanso kopanda chilungamo.
Boma lachitetezo pambuyo pa nkhondo lidamangidwa poganizira kuti amuna omwe amagwira ntchito zanthawi zonse amalandila malipiro apabanja, pomwe pankafunika chipukuta misozi cha 'ngozi zowopsa' kapena 'kusokoneza kwakanthawi kwa mphamvu zopezera ndalama'. Nthawi zonse zinali zakugonana; akazi sanatchulidwe mochepa. Koma kwenikweni chinali chipukuta misozi cha 'ex post' - ndiye kuti, ndalama zitachitika.
Izi ndizosayenera masiku ano, pomwe vuto lalikulu ndi kusatsimikizika kosatha, komwe munthu sangathe kupanga inshuwaransi ya anthu. Chofunikira ndi chitetezo cha 'ex ante' - mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndalama zomwe zisanachitike - zomwe zimapatsa aliyense chitetezo chofunikira.
Koma andale athu akulephera kuyamikira momwe vutolo lilili ndipo akugwiritsa ntchito mayankho adzulo, pamavuto adzulo.
Kukula kwachuma si yankho
Atsogoleri a Tory ndi Labor onse apanga malonjezano opitilira kukula kwachuma. Keir Starmer akuti cholinga cha Labor pachisankho chotsatira chidzakhala "kukula, kukula, kukula", ndi kuti adzangoganizira malingaliro a ndondomeko kuchokera ku nduna ya mthunzi ngati amalimbikitsa kukula. Pakadali pano, mlangizi wa ma Chancellors angapo a Tory akuti Prime Minister watsopano wa Conservative adzipereka ku "mtheradi patsogoloโ kukulitsa kukula.
Izi zikutikumbutsa momwe Michael Gove adanenera kuti Liz Truss akutenga "tchuthi kuchokera zenizeni". Onse a Conservatives ndi Labor akuzindikira molakwika za zovuta zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Onsewa akuthamangitsa chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa GDP, ndikulakalaka zovuta zazachilengedwe.
Starmer akuti msika waulere walephera. Koma tilibe msika waulere. Ndi rentier capitalism, momwe ndalama zambiri zimapita kwa eni katundu - azachuma, akuthupi ndi aluntha. Kukula kwachuma kuyenera kukhala kokwezeka mopanda nzeru kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa apeze chilichonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake malipiro enieni adayima pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi, ndipo chifukwa chiyani zopeza zatsalira pakukula kwa GDP, kusiyana komwe kumapangidwa ndi kukwera kwa ngongole.
Njira yogawa ndalama yawonongeka. Kudutsa maiko onse a OECD, kusungitsa ndalama kwachulukira, ndipo kukuwonjezera kukwera kwa mitengo kuti kupindule. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera kwina, ku UK, chuma cha mabungwe azachuma chakwera kufika pa 1,000% ya GDP, ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zongopeka m'malo mopanga ndalama zopindulitsa.
Ndalama zomwe zikukwera zikupita ku likulu, ndipo zochulukirapo zikupita ku renti, phindu lochulukirapo. Mkati mwa kuchepa kwa gawo lomwe likupita kukagwira ntchito, zambiri zapita pamwamba, kachiwiri m'njira za lendi. Mtengo wachuma wakwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ndalama, pomwe kusalingana kwachuma ndikwambiri kuposa kusalingana kwa ndalama.
Nthawi zonse, precariat imakula. Zomwe zikuyenera kuwonetsa ndale zomwe zikupita patsogolo ndikuti, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu, kusakhazikika kwa ndalama ndi kusatetezeka kwakula kwambiri kuposa momwe zikuwonetsedwera pamalipiro enieni.
Anthu alibe luso lotha kupirira. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akukhala mโngongole zosakhazikika. Kukweza malipiro ochepera (ofunika monga momwe alili) sikungathetse zimenezo, komanso kuyesa kukhala Mfumu Canute poletsa maubwenzi osinthasintha ogwira ntchito.
Ndiye kodi andale athu akuganiza chiyani pankhani yakusatsimikizika kopitilira muyeso, njira yogawa ndalama yosokonekera komanso vuto lalikulu lazachilengedwe? Zovala zawindo za Ad-hoc zomwe zimawoneka mwadala kuti zipewe zenizeni kuti tili ndi vuto lakusintha m'manja mwathu.
Kuchepetsa misonkho kungathandize omwe ali otetezeka; Kuyimitsa mitengo kungawononge chuma chaboma ndikusokoneza misika; kukweza malipiro ocheperako kungalambalale precarat ndi omwe ali kunja kwa msika wantchito; ndipo kutsata mapindu ochulukirapo kwa omwe ali pa Universal Credit kungangolimbikitsa chiwembu chopanda chilungamo komanso chosagwirizana.
Monga momwe William Beveridge adalembera mu lipoti lake la 1942, lomwe linatsogolera ku boma lachitukuko cha 1945, "Ino ndi nthawi ya zigawenga, osati kuzigamba." Njirayi iyenera kukhala yothetsa capitalism ya rentier ndikubwezeretsanso ndalama za renti kwa aliyense. Koposa zonse, maziko achitetezo cha anthu ayenera kukhala kupereka chitetezo cham'mbuyomu. Anthu - tonsefe - tiyenera kudziwa kuti, ngakhale zitakhala bwanji, tidzakhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka ndikuchira.
Mlandu wa ndalama zoyambira
Andale akuyenera kuyang'ana njira zopezera ndalama zoyambira kwa aliyense wokhala ku UK. Sichingalowe m'malo mwa zopindulitsa zonse zomwe zilipo, ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizapo zowonjezera kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera. Zikadayenera kuyambira pamlingo wocheperako, koma zikanaperekedwa kwa munthu aliyense, mofanana komanso payekhapayekha, popanda kuyesa njira kapena chikhalidwe.
Osamuka kumene mwalamulo amayenera kudikirira kwakanthawi (zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti sayenera kuthandizidwa ndi njira zina). Ndipo kuti athetse chitsutso chakuti sichiyenera kulipidwa kwa olemera, mitengo ya msonkho ingasinthidwe kuti ikhale yopita patsogolo.
Kuyesera ndi ndalama zoyambira kwawonetsa kuti kumabweretsa thanzi labwino lakuthupi ndi m'maganizo, kuchepa kwa nkhawa komanso ntchito zambiri
Ndisanabwere momwe ndingalipire, ndikufuna kutsindika zifukwa zofunira ndalama zonse. Kulungamitsidwa kwakukulu ndi khalidwe.
Choyamba, ndi nkhani ya chilungamo wamba. Ndalama zomwe timapeza zimachokera ku zopereka za makolo athu kuposa chilichonse chimene timachita tokha. Koma popeza sitingadziwe kuti ndi makolo ati omwe adapanga mochulukira kapena mocheperapo, tonse tiyenera kukhala ndi 'gawo' lofanana pachuma cha anthu. Kupatula apo, ngati tilola cholowa chaumwini cha chuma chaumwini, payenera kukhala chofanana ndi anthu. Papa Francis wabwera ku lingaliro limeneli thandizo lake pa ndalama zoyambira.
Komanso ndi nkhani ya chilungamo pazachilengedwe: olemera ndiwo amayambitsa zowononga zambiri, pomwe osauka amalipira ndalama zambiri, makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi thanzi lochepa. Ndalama zoyambira zingakhale njira yolipirira zimenezo.
Chachiwiri, kukanawonjezera ufulu waumwini, kuphatikizapo ufulu wa anthu wamba. Ngakhale kuti amalipidwa payekhapayekha, zimenezo sizikanapangitsa kukhala kwaumwini. Zoyeserera, monga tafotokozera mwachidule kwina, awonetsa kuti aliyense amene ali ndi ndalama zoyambira amapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ogwirizana, okondana komanso kulolerana.
Chachitatu, chitha kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chokhazikika, mwanjira yomwe imatanthawuza kuyesedwa, phindu lokhazikika silingathe kutero. Kusatetezeka kumawononga luntha ndipo kumabweretsa kupsinjika ndi kutayika kwa kuthekera kopanga zisankho zomveka. Tikukumana ndi mliri wa nkhawa komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda. Palibe malingaliro omwe alipo omwe angachepetse izi.
Pomaliza, pali zifukwa zomveka. Kuyesera ndi ndalama zoyambira padziko lonse lapansi zawonetsa kuti zimabweretsa thanzi labwino lakuthupi ndi m'maganizo; kupsinjika pang'ono; ntchito zambiri (osati zochepa); ndi kukwezeleza kakhalidwe ndi kakhalidwe kachuma kwa amayi ndi anthu olumala.
Ndalama zoyambira si njira yothetsera vutoli, koma ziyenera kukhala gawo la njira yosinthira, yophatikizidwa ndi kuyika zofunikira zapagulu - makamaka zamadzi - m'manja mwa anthu komanso kuwongolera mitengo ya lendi ndi mphamvu. Kusintha kwachuma ndikofunikira kuti tithane ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuthandiza kuthana ndi kusatsimikizika kosakhazikika.
Omwe akupita patsogolo ayenera kuvomereza kuti misonkho pazachuma ndi zogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kukwezedwa - chifukwa ndizochepa kwambiri m'dziko lino, komanso chifukwa ndalama zambiri zimafunikira kulipira ntchito zathu zapagulu komanso, makamaka, kuti tisinthe kubizinesi kwa NHS yathu yamtengo wapatali.
Anthu ena, kuphatikiza (kale) ndi Party Party, apempha kuti pakhale chithandizo chamankhwala padziko lonse m'malo mopeza ndalama zoyambira. Monga tafotokozera mu 2019 lipoti ndi Institute of Global Prosperity ya University College London, izi zitha kugwira ntchito monga nyumba, maphunziro, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi zoyendera.
Koma izi zimapita mopitirira muyeso wa abambo a boma, ndipo sizingathandize ndi momwe mavuto athu alili pano. Anthu amafunikira chuma chotsimikizika kuti athetse kusatsimikizika kwachuma komanso kusowa mphamvu.
Palibe boma lomwe lingathe kudziwa zosowa za anthu enaake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kupereka ndalama zothandizira ena kungakhale kopanda pake komanso kosokoneza. Kodi 'universal basic housing' zingaoneke bwanji ku Britain? Chipinda chimodzi pa munthu aliyense wokhala ndi khitchini ndi chimbudzi, ndi msonkho wa chipinda cha chipinda china chowonjezera? Nanga bwanji za chakudya ndi zovala? Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kupangitsa anthu kusankha okha 'zosowa zawo zoyambira'.
Momwe mungalipire
Kuphatikiza pa misonkho yokwezeka ya ndalama zolipirira ntchito, tiyenera kuganizira za 'wamba' - ndiye kuti, zonse zomwe mwachibadwa zimakhala za nzika iliyonse yaku UK, kuyambira pamtunda, mpweya, madzi ndi nyanja, ndi mchere ndi zina. mphamvu pansi. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, izi zatengedwa kwa ife mopanda chilolezo, popanda malipiro kwa ife kapena kwa makolo athu. Izi zikuphatikizapo malo onse omwe adatsekedwa, nkhalango ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri akugulitsidwa, malo a m'nyanja omwe akugulitsidwa, ndi mafuta ndi gasi omwe amagulitsidwa kuti apindule ndi kuperekedwa kwa anthu olemera kuti achepetse msonkho.
Lingaliro ili limabweretsa lingaliro lakuti msonkho uyenera kuyikidwa pazinthu zomwe tataya, ndi ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa mu 'commons capital fund', yomwe idzayimbidwa mlandu wopanga mabizinesi okhazikika pazachilengedwe, pomwe 'zawo zonse' zidzaperekedwa mofanana kwa nzika iliyonse.
Pachiyambi choyamba cholipirira ndalama zoyambira kudzakhala kusintha kwa ndalama za msonkho zomwe munthu amapeza, zomwe zimapindulitsa anthu opeza ndalama zambiri ndipo zimatsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti m'chitaganya chabwino aliyense ayenera kukhala wokhoma msonkho. Ngati ndalama zomwe zaperekedwazo zikayikidwa mu thumba, zitha kupereka zokwanira ยฃ 48 pa sabata kwa wamkulu aliyense.
Kenako onjezerani 1% msonkho wachuma. Izi ndi zomveka pazifukwa zambiri. Chuma chakwera kuchokera ku GDP katatu mu 1970s kufika kasanu ndi kawiri tsopano; kusalingana kwachuma ndikwambiri kuposa kusalingana kwa ndalama; ndipo chuma choposa 60% ndi cholowa komanso chosapezeka. Msonkho wachuma wa 1% ungakhale wokwanira kulipira ndalama zochepa.
Ndalama zochulukirapo zitha kubwezedwa pobweza ndalama zambiri za 1,190 ndi zopumira zamisonkho zomwe zimaperekedwa makamaka kwa anthu olemera.
Msonkho wochepa wa mtengo wamalo, wotengera kukula ndi mtengo wa malo, uyeneranso kulungamitsidwa pazifukwa zachilungamo. Kenako onjezani msonkho wa carbon. Ndikofunikira ngati tikufuna kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa dziko, koma kudzakhala kutchuka komanso kotheka pazandale ngati ndalama zonse zomwe zimatulukamo zibwezeretsedwanso ngati gawo la phindu lofanana.
Malipiro ena atha kukhala 'malipiro owuluka pafupipafupi', 'ndalama zolipitsidwa zamafuta' pamasitima apamadzi ndi sitima zapamadzi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini zawo ziziyenda nthawi zonse ali padoko, kuwononga mpweya ndikuyambitsa khansa.
Awa ndiye maziko a njira yogawa ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi ino, yokhala ndi zowonjezera kwa onse omwe ali ndi zosowa zowonjezera. Ndi njira yomwe ingatsegule mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri yantchito, osalipidwa komanso olipidwa, ndikuyika chisamaliro pakati pake.
Chitetezo choyambirira chidzaonedwa ngati ufulu wofunikira, ndipo ufulu waumwini udzakulitsidwa pamene kusatetezeka kudzachepetsedwa; kudalirika komwe kumabwera chifukwa chodalira dziko lodzifunira komanso zachifundo zopanda ulemu. Panthawi ino ya zovuta za omni, tiyenera kuguba mbali iyi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama