Mtsogoleri wa mpingo wakatolika pa dziko lonse Papa Fransisko ali ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino pakati pa a Katolika omwe amafunitsitsa kukhala munthu woti apitirire zaka zonyozeka. Koma nkhani yomwe ikupita patsogolo ya upapa wa Fransisko ndi iyi: Kodi papa angafike patali bwanji pokonza zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha makadinala ndi mabishopu, osafuna kusintha?
โAtsogoleri achipembedzo ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthaลตi zambiri amalingalira kuti mphatso zawo monga atumiki zimachokera ku chizoloลตezi cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha,โ ndimomwe Atate Robert Nugent analongosolera kuchirikiza kwawo kwa Akatolika achiwerewere, pamene ndinafunsana nawo koyamba mu 1987.
Nugent anayambitsa Utumiki wa New Ways ndi Mlongo Jeannine Gramick kuti agwirizanitse amuna okhaokha kapena akazi okhaokha ndi tchalitchi chomwe ziphunzitso zawo zamakhalidwe zimawalepheretsa - komanso tchalitchi chokhala ndi chipinda chachikulu cha ansembe ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mu 1999 kufufuza kwa Vatican kwa wansembe ndi sisitere kunafika pachimake pamene Kadinala Joseph Ratzinger anawadzudzula, kuwalamula kuti atonthole.
Gramick anapitiriza kulankhula. Nugent, wokhala ndi ambuye aumulungu ochokera ku Yale, adavulazidwa kwambiri ndikubwerera ku moyo wabata wa wansembe wa parishi. Iye analemba nkhani zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu Commonweal pa Yesuit Teilhard de Chardin, amene Vatican inamuletsa mโma 1960 chifukwa cha zimene analemba zokhudza chisinthiko. Nugent anamwalira Jan. 1, pa 76, ndi Gramick pambali pake.
Akadasangalala kwambiri kuona fanizo lake lofunika kwambiri - "mphatso" -lomwe likufotokozedwa mu lipoti la Oct. 13 lolembedwa ndi Vatican Synod on the Family: "Ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi mphatso ndi mikhalidwe yopatsa gulu lachikhristu: kodi timatha kulandira izi? anthu, kuwatsimikizira malo enanso mโmadera athu?โ
Kuwunika kwa media pa lipoti loyambirira lolembedwa ndi Archbishop Bruno Forte kudachitika Mawu otchuka a Francis pa gays, โNdine ndani kuti ndiweruze?โ
Nugent sakanadabwitsidwa kuwona zolemba za Forte zikulimbikitsa mabishopu osamala kwambiri: Zolemba zosinthidwa, zomasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chitaliyana kupita ku Chingerezi, zidatsitsa "kulandira" ku "kusamalira."
Kakomedwe kalikonse kamakhala kofunikira ngati chikondi cha munthu chikawunikiridwa. Mabishopu amene โsalandiraโ ma gay atha โkupatsaโ chiyani? Maphunziro omwe amatsatira malemba akale omwe amatsutsa chikondi cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha? Kunyamula mtanda wa malingaliro ogonana omwe sangachitire mwina?
Baibulo la Chiitaliya ndilovomerezeka, koma chikalata chomaliza chidzatuluka mu sinodi yotsatira ya kugwa, malinga ndi mawu omaliza a Francis.
Kodi tchalitchi chophunzitsa chimagwirizana bwanji ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zofunika kwambiri zokhudza ufulu wa anthu mโnthawi imene zimaphunzitsa? Funso lalikulu likubwera: kodi papa wosonkhezeredwa ndi kusintha ali ndi mphamvu yosintha chinenero cha chiphunzitso?
Mpingo wophunzitsa motsutsana ndi mpingo wopembedza
"Funso la $ 64,000 ndiloti Francis akukankhira kusintha kwa chiphunzitso," akufotokoza motero Bambo Charles Curran, Pulofesa wa Elizabeth Scurlock University of Human Values โโpa yunivesite ya Southern Methodist, katswiri wa zaumulungu wa makhalidwe abwino, komanso wowona zenizeni za mkati mwa tchalitchi.
"Ndikuganiza kuti zingakhale zovuta kwa iye payekha komanso mwadongosolo," adatero Curran. "Takhala tikuyesera kuwapangitsa kuti asinthe njira zakulera kwa zaka 50."
Mu 1968, Curran anali munthu wotchuka wotsutsa kalata ya papa ya Paul VI yodzudzula mitundu yonse ya kulera. Bungwe la alangizi kwa Papa lidavota mochuluka mokomera mapiritsi olerera. Zotsutsana ndi kalata ya papa zinali mitu yapadziko lonse kwa miyezi ingapo. Kafukufuku wamasiku ano akusonyeza kuti 85 peresenti ya anthu wamba amanyalanyaza udindo wa tchalitchi.
Zinatenga pafupifupi zaka makumi aลตiri kuti abwezedwe, koma Ratzinger analanda laisensi ya Curran yophunzitsa zaumulungu pa yunivesite ya Catholic University of America pambuyo pa kufufuza kwa Vatican pa โwotsutsaโ wake. Yunivesite ya Katolika imagwira ntchito pansi pa charter ya Vatican.
Curran adataya udindo wake mu 1988, ndipo pamapeto pake adakhala pa SMU ku Dallas.
โKuti papa anene kuti akalalo anga anali olakwa sikunachitikepo,โ akutero Curran. โFrancis sakusintha ziphunzitso zolakwika kwenikweni za tchalitchi. Mโmalo mwake, iye sakuwagogomezera. Koma mpingo wophunzitsa uyenera kusonyeza mpingo wopembedzawo. Palibe amene amalankhula za kulera paguwa ndipo aliyense amazichita. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti zimawavuta kwambiri kuvomereza kuti chiphunzitsocho chinali cholakwika.โ
Maepiskopi akhala otsutsa maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo nthawi zina amawononga ndalama zatchalitchi potsutsana ndi njira zovotera maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Monga imodzi mwa mizere yofiira pa nkhondo za chikhalidwe ku Ulaya, North America ndi Australia, akuluakulu a Katolika adagonjetsa nkhondoyo ndipo analephera.
Posachedwapa Francis adakometsera Paul VI, sitepe patsogolo pa oyera mtima, chifukwa cha udindo wa wolowa m'malo wake wakale pakuweta Msonkhano Wachiลตiri wa Vatican wofuna kusintha zinthu mpaka kufika pa chigamulo chake cha mu 1965. Papa yemweyo anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi chidani cha anthu pa mawu ake oletsa kubadwa kotero kuti sanalole enanso m'zaka zake 10 zomaliza.
Apapa ali ndi mbiri yolakwitsa, nthawi zambiri zochititsa manyazi, zomwe Vatican yodzitchinjiriza imasankha kuiwala kapena kunyalanyaza.
Gregory XVI, yemwe anali papa kuyambira 1831-1846, adatsutsa kufalikira kwa njanji ku Italy. Anadzudzulanso dziko la Italy. Njanji, zomwe zinamangidwabe, zinathandiza dziko la Italy kukhala ndi chizindikiritso cha dziko.
Chifukwa chiyani apapa sangavomereze kuti apapa akale amalakwitsa? Chiphunzitso cha kusalakwa chimagwira ntchito kokha pamene papa alankhula pa chiphunzitso, chowonadi chamtheradi chachipembedzo (mosiyana ndi ziphunzitso zamakhalidwe) ndipo chapemphedwa kaลตiri kokha kuyambira pamene chinasinthidwa mu 1871.
John Paul Wachiwiri adayamika mmodzi mwa ogona ana odziwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya tchalitchi, Bambo Marcial Maciel, monga "wotsogolera wothandiza kwa achinyamata" ndipo adamuyamika patapita nthawi yaitali kuti zomwe akuluakulu a seminale omwe kale ankanenazo zitaperekedwa mu ofesi ya Ratzinger mu 1998.
Chakumapeto kwa 2004, John Paul anali atamandabe Maciel.
Ratzinger, monga Papa Benedict, adachotsa Maciel mu 2006 ndikutsata John Paul mwachangu kuti akhale oyera. Francis adasankha Paul VI ndi John Paul II kukhala oyera tsiku lomwelo. Zolakwa zonse zinakhululukidwa. Koma aiwalika?
Saint John Henry Newman, kadinala wachingelezi wamkulu wazaka za zana la 19, analemba nkhani yotchukapakukula kwa chiphunzitso chimene iye anati: โKukhala ndi moyo ndiko kusinthika, ndipo kukhala wangwiro ndiko kukhala wasintha kaลตirikaลตiri.โ
John Paul mโnjira yakeyake anapititsa patsogolo lingaliro la tchalitchi loyenera kukonzedwanso mwa kupanga mpambo wautali wa kupepesa kwa Ayuda, Amwenye Achimereka, Galileo ndi ena ambiri olakwiridwa ndi tchalitchi, mโdzina la โkuyeretsa chikumbukiro cha mbiri yakale.โ
Kupepesa kwake pofunafuna kukhulupirika kwa mbiri yakale sikunaphatikizepo ozunzidwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna kapena akazi omwe akufuna udindo wa unsembe. Kwa iwo anali wouma khosi.
โChisinthiko chimangochitika ndipo sichili mโmanja mwa tchalitchi pamapeto pake,โ Pulofesa Paul Lakeland wa pa yunivesite ya Fairfield anandiuza.
"Chiphunzitso chimakula nthawi zonse. Kusintha ndi njovu mu chipinda ndipo nthawizonse wakhala. Zomwe Francis akuwoneka kuti wachita ndikutsegula chitseko chowonetsa atsogoleri atchalitchi akuvutika kuti amve (kapena ayi) uthenga womwe amalandira kuchokera kuzizindikiro za nthawi. "
Nkhani zina zimene zimagaลตanitsa atsogoleri a Roma Katolika, monga kuvomereza Akatolika osudzulidwa amene akwatiranso popanda kuthetsedwa, nโzosautsa maganizo kwa okhulupirira mwambo wa tchalitchi. Mpingo wamalamulo umayima molimba motsutsana ndi machimo adziko lapansi, mmalingaliro awo.
Sandro Magister, mtolankhani wakale wakale wa L'espresso ya ku Italy ya sabata iliyonse, ali ndi magwero abwino kwambiri a ku Vatican. Magister ndiwokonda kukondana, akuphimba Vatican ngati malo apamwamba amakhalidwe abwino, ndi ndewu momwe mungayembekezere munyumba yayikulu. Poyankhulana posachedwa ndi Rorate Caeli, blog yachikatolika yamwambo, Magister adalankhula za malingaliro olimba a makadinala ndi mabishopu omwe amasemphana ndi sewero la apapa la "kukhala ndi moyo ndikusintha."
Pankhani imene inagawanitsa Sinodi ya Banja yaposachedwapa, kulola Akatolika osudzulidwa amene akwatiranso kuti alandire mgonero, Magister anadandaula kuti kulolerana koteroko "zidzabweretsa kuvomereza kwa maukwati achiwiri, kotero kuti kuthetsedwa kwa chomangira cha sakramenti laukwati."
Iye anadandaulanso za โmchitidwe wina wobwerezabwereza wa Upapa: kudzudzula mbali imodzi ndi ina. Komabe, ngati tikufuna kupanga kuwerengera, kudzudzula kwa okhulupirira miyambo, okhulupirira zamalamulo ndi otsutsa okhwima a chiphunzitso kumawoneka kukhala kochulukira. Kumbali ina, nthaลตi zonse akakhala ndi chonena kwa opita patsogolo sumamvetsetsa amene kwenikweni akutanthauza.โ
Francis ndi wothandizira kusintha yemwe akupikisana ndi anthu ena ochepa omwe ali ndi mphamvu masiku ano. Ndicho chifukwa chake ali pamwamba pa zisankho zosiyanasiyana za anthu otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Iye akunena zinthu zomwe palibe wandale akunena za chisalungamo cha capitalism yosalamulirika ndi ufulu wa anthu osauka padziko lapansi, pomwe adayitanitsa mpingo wake kuti ufufuze kupyola maudindo omwe adagawanitsa kuyambira pomwe zidachitika zoopsa za 1968.
"Francis walimbikitsa tchalitchichi ndi kukopa magulu ankhondo a anthu omwe si Akatolika pokhazikitsa njira yatsopano," Magazini ya Fortune idatero mu Marichi, akumโtchula kuti ndi munthu wolemekezeka kwambiri padziko lonse.
"Akudziwa kuti ngakhale akusintha, zochita zake mpaka pano zawonetsa malingaliro ndi zolinga zatsopano," idawerengedwa. โNtchito yake yolimba kwambiri ili mโtsogolo. Ndipo komabe zizindikiro za 'Francis effect' zachuluka: Mu kafukufuku wa March, mmodzi mwa Akatolika anayi adanena kuti awonjezera zopereka zawo zachifundo kwa osauka chaka chino. Mwa iwo, 77 peresenti ananena kuti zinachokera kwa papa.โ
Lingaliro lakuti Papa woukira boma akuchititsa kuti Akatolika ambiri apereke ndalama, pambuyo pa mbadwo wa zonyansa za tchalitchi zomwe zakhala zochititsa manyazi kwambiri kwa okhulupirira ndikupangitsa kuti achinyamata ambiri achoke, zikutsimikizira kuti Francis mwiniyo ndi lingaliro lomwe nthawi yake yafika.
Ali ndi mpaka Okutobala 2015, pomwe Sinodi yotsatira ya Aepiskopi idzakumana, kuti asankhe pa zinthu monga mawu oti "kulandira" kusiyana ndi "kusamalira" Akatolika achiwerewere. Ndipo kuyambira pano mpaka nthawi, imodzi mwa nkhani zandale zamasiku ano zipitilira, pomwe makadinala akale akukankhira kumbuyo papa ambiri amalakalaka akanapanda kusankhidwa.
Jason Berry ndi mtolankhani wachipembedzo cha GroundTruth komanso wolemba buku la Render to Rome: The Secret Life of Money in the Catholic Church.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama
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Zipembedzo zonse zazikidwa pa chikhulupiriro cha mphamvu zauzimu . Zonse ndi zabodza monga chikhulupiriro chopembedza zimbalangondo pamene tinkakhala mโmapanga zaka 100,00 zapitazo kapena mulungu wa Volcano kapena Zeus kapena Wotan kapena milungu ina 1000 yopangidwa ndi anthu kuyambira chiyambi cha homo sapiens, amene poyamba zinkaonedwa kuti nโzabwino ndipo zonse zimene anthu okhulupirira mu mulungu wamakono wopangidwa ndi anthu amaona kuti nโzopusa.
Nkhaniyi ikunena za tsatanetsatane wa chinyengo cha anthu chimenechi mโmalo mofotokoza mfundo yakuti zipembedzo zonse nโzongopeka chabe, zongopangidwa ndi anthu.
Kungopeza mpumulo ku mabodza osalekeza komanso nthano zomwe zimakakamizika kwa anthu osokonekera, ndingayerekeze wokhulupirira aliyense kupita ku You Tube kukapempha.
โ Chikhristu ndi chabodza komanso chachiwerewere : Christopher Hitchens โ ndipo tangoyesani kuwonera gawo la 12:59 la mkangano wautali.
Ine ndikutsimikiza kwanga ndikuti palibe wokhulupirira adzatha:
1) kudutsa gawo lonse chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso
2) athe kukana kapena kutsutsana ndi zomwe Hitchens amapereka.
Chipembedzo ndi chopondereza mโchilengedwe ndipo chilibe malo mโchitaganya chofanana, chademokalase ndi ophunzira.
Chipembedzo ndi chovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati munthu wadzipha yekha .
Sungani nthano zanu ndi malingaliro aulamuliro kwa inu nokha.