Gwero: New Republic
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi rblfmr/Shutterstock
Ndani akuletsa kupita patsogolo pa kusintha kwa nyengo? Makampani opangira mafuta ndi andale m'maiko olemera, otulutsa mpweya wambiri ndi omwe akulepheretsa kwambiri - omwe olimbikitsa zanyengo akuloza nawo ndale, kufufuza, ndi zochita zachindunji. Koma monga malipoti awiri aposachedwa afotokozera, pali gulu lina loyang'anira nyengo liyenera kuganizira ngati dziko liyenera kupewa ngozi: oyang'anira katundu.
Makampani oyang'anira chuma amayendetsa ndikuyika ndalama zophatikizidwa za anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama komanso mabungwe monga mabiliyoni, ndalama zapenshoni, ndi makoleji. Oyang'anira chuma chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi (BlackRock, Vanguard, ndi UBS) amawongolera okha $ 21 zankhaninkhani,, pafupifupi yofanana ndi chuma chonse cha US mu 2017 ndipo pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa ndalama zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi za hedge fund, private equity, ndi venture capital industries. kuphatikiza. Ndipo makampani oyang'anira katundu ali ndi gawo la bizinesi iliyonse: "Big Three" ya BlackRock, Vanguard, ndi State Street own. oposa 20 peresenti amagawana nawo pagulu la S&P500 lomwe amagulitsa pagulu komanso ndi osewera akulu zachinsinsi.
Makampani amenewa mwakachetechete atenga gawo lalikulu pazachuma komanso ndale. Atatu Aakulu kuponyera kuposa 25 peresenti mavoti pamisonkhano yamakampani omwe ali ndi masheya, kutanthauza kuti "amachita zinthu zofananira ndi ulamuliro wa boma pamabizinesi akulu akulu omwe amawerengera kuchuluka kwachuma pa ... pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi," monga momwe katswiri wofufuza zazachuma Anusar Farooqui adanenera chaka chatha. Sikuti ulamuliro wamakampani, kapena: Zosankha zazikulu zandale pazamanga zofunikira za boma monga kumanga misewu ndi zipatala zidapangidwa kuti zitheke. kuthetsa ngozi kwa oyang'anira katundu ndi makasitomala awo ngati gawo la "mgwirizano wapakati ndi wamba." Mu 2020, pulofesa ndi katswiri wamalamulo a zachuma William Birdthistle adafika potcha BlackRock "nthambi yachinayi ya boma,” pambuyo pa U.S. Federal Reserve kachiwiri adalemba kuti athandizire msika wonse wamakampani.
Kuti chilungamo cha nyengo chitheke, chidzaphatikizapo kutenga nthambi ya boma yatsopanoyi. Lipoti latsopano la Friends of Earth U.S. limasonyeza kuti oyang'anira chuma cha Big Three ali ndi magawo opitilira 27 peresenti yamafuta opangira mafuta a Chevron, ExxonMobil, ndi Conoco Phillips komanso opitilira 30 peresenti yamakampani akuluakulu azaulimi monga Archer-Daniels-Midland, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala m'gulu la eni ake akuluakulu m'mafakitale awiriwa. omwe ali ndi udindo wambiri wotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe ukuyendetsa vuto la nyengo.
Zimphona zandalama zopanda vuto izi sizimangowonjezera ndalama kumakampani omwe amayambitsa mavuto okha; akupindulanso ndi mayankho opanda chilungamo pamavuto awa. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wa Jordi Calvo Rufanges adapeza kuti oyang'anira katundu wamkuluwa ndi ena mwa omwe amapereka ndalama zambiri padziko lonse lapansi. malonda a zida. Kafukufuku wa The Friends of the Earth akuwonjezera kuti oyang'anira katundu ndi omwe amagulitsa ndalama zambiri m'makampani omwe amayendetsa ndende zachinsinsi komanso malo otsekera anthu othawa kwawo ndipo amapereka ukadaulo wa drone ndi biometric womwe uli. kusintha omwe akuchulukirachulukira ankhondo chiwawa chakumalire motsutsana ndi anthu othawa kwawo padziko lonse lapansi. Zonse zanenedwa, makampani oyang'anira chuma ali ndi magawo opitilira $ 650 biliyoni pamafakitale apamwamba kwambiri amafuta, agribusiness, chitetezo m'malire, ndi makampani owunikira omwe adafunsidwa ndi lipoti la Friends of the Earth.
Izi zikuwonjezera chithunzi choyipa cha chilungamo chanyengo. Mabizinesi omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi mabizinesi awa amakhudza kwambiri madera omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kumpoto kwapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kum'mwera kwapadziko lonse lapansi - anthu omwe sanathandizire pang'ono kutulutsa mpweya wapadziko lonse lapansi koma omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi kukumba mafuta. madera a nsembe ndi ulimi wa mafakitale kuipitsa, osatchulanso za kukhudzidwa mopanda malire ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, kukwera kwa mitengo ya zakudya, ndi zina. Zosowa zawo nthawi zonse zimanyalanyazidwa: Mayiko omwewo kutsegula zitseko zawo mokondwera kwa othawa kwawo aku Ukraine adakhala zaka khumi zapitazi kuwatseka mwachidwi kwa othawa kwawo ochokera ku Africa ndi Middle East, kwinaku akulimbikitsa zaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, malire ankhondo ndi malo otsekera omwe oyang'anira katundu akugulitsamo.
Palibe zodabwitsa kusintha kwanyengo kumayimira "mwayi" kwa oyang'anira katundu ngati Mkulu wa BlackRock Larry Fink. Mu 2021, Fink adatenga mwayi wa kalata yapachaka ya BlackRock yopita kwa ma CEO - china chake chosavomerezeka State of the Union for the world of capital - kukumbutsa akuluakulu akuluakulu kuti "palibe kampani yomwe bizinesi yake sidzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa chuma cha net-zero. " Oyang'anira katundu wamkulu amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamakampani onse ndi gulu lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ali ndi kukula kwake ndikufikira kuti awonetsetse kuti amapindula ndi mafakitale omwe amabweretsa mavuto komanso zachiwawa, zosagwirizana ndi "njira" zomwe amapereka.
Pakadali pano, dziko lachedwa zaka makumi ambiri ndipo madola thililiyoni afupikitsa pakuyankhira pang'ono kwa dystopian pamavuto anyengo: Pali mipata yayikulu yopezera ndalama zothandizira kusintha kwapadziko lonse kupita ku mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe zingalepheretse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri, komanso kusintha ku zotsatira zomwe zilipo kale. The lipoti latsopano la IPCC zikuwonekeratu kuti: "Miyezo theka sichosankhanso."
Ena angayembekezere kuti oyang'anira chuma azitha kupititsa patsogolo zovuta zanyengo, chifukwa kusiyanasiyana kwa mabizinesi omwe amawongolera chuma kumawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chochulukirapo kuposa momwe amachitira ndalama zambiri. Mavuto anyengo omwe awononga dziko pamapeto pake awononga kwambiri kubweza ngongole, ndiye kodi makampani omwe amayang'anira maudindowa sakuyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chandalama chopititsa patsogolo mfundo zanyengo?
Koma izi ndizolakwika: mutha kuyika tanki yamafuta pakati pa zomwe zili zabwino kwamakampani oyang'anira katundu ndi zomwe zili zabwino padziko lapansi. Makampani oyang'anira katundu amalipidwa ndalama pa dola iliyonse yomwe amayang'anira - amapindula mwa kusamalira ndalama zambiri momwe angathere, osati kuzisamalira bwino. Kampani iliyonse yoyang'anira chuma imalimbikitsidwa kuyika ndalama bwino, koma bwino kwambiri kotero kuti makasitomala ake satenga ndalama zawo kwina, kulimbikitsa makampani kuthamangitsa zazikulu. kubweza kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kuyang'anizana ndi kutaya mwayi kwa omwe akupikisana nawo.
Pamwamba pa izo, zomwe zili zabwino kwa ma portfolio, makamaka pakanthawi kochepa, sizikhala zabwino kwa anthu: Kukwera komweku komwe kumapangitsa nyumba kukhala ndalama zopindulitsa komanso gawo lokongola la mbiri yakale ndizomwe zimakopa. eni nyumba amakampani kutumiza renti kukwera mu dziko lonse, kupanga nyumba osagula komanso osapezeka kwa anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe adzamangidwa ndikuwunikidwa kumalire ankhondo mwina simakasitomala a BlackRock kapena Vanguard.
Mosadabwitsa, oyang'anira katundu sanagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo zambiri kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwanyengo kapena mayankho olimbikitsa chilungamo pazovuta zanyengo. M'malo mwake, atero kawirikawiri adavotera kapena kukana zisankho zomwe eni ake agawana zomwe zingathandize kukhazikitsa zolinga zazikulu zanyengo kapena kuletsa mayendedwe operekera zinthu kuchokera pakudula mitengo kupita ku zolinga zanyengo. Panthawi yonseyi, ayesa kusokoneza njira zawo zoyendetsera ndalama ndi "ndalama zobiriwira," the kulamula ambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zolinga zanyengo yapadziko lonse lapansi pomwe zikugwirizana ndi zolinga za osunga ndalama ndi ndalama. Tariq Fancy, yemwe kale anali mkulu woyang'anira ndalama ku Sustainable BlackRock, adalengeza poyera makampani azachuma kuti "kusokoneza anthu aku America” ndipo adatcha ndalama zokhazikika ngati “placebo yowopsa yomwe imawononga chidwi cha anthu. "
Chilungamo chanyengo chidzafuna kuwongolera koyenera. Tikufunika njira zoyendetsera bwino kuti tikwaniritse zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa mabungwe aboma ndi ndalama zabizinesi zomwe sizingadziwike komanso mabehemoths oyang'anira chuma omwe amayang'anira mabizinesi awo: kuphatikiza misonkho yachuma pa katundu wamakampani, monga momwe akatswiri azachuma ngati Emmanuel Saez ndi Gabriel Zucman, nawonso kusintha misonkho padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma izi zitha kuchepetsa vuto lakuzama kwa chilungamo chanyengo, ndikuti kupanda chilungamo kwachitika ndipo kuyenera kupitilirabe. Zopindulitsa. Kupitiliza kwathu kudalira mabungwe abizinesi kuti azipereka ndalama zothandizira nyengo zonse koma zimatsimikizira kuti kupindula pothetsa mavuto kupitilira. Only an demokalase ya mphamvu zomwe zimatenga zisankho zofunika kwambiri zanyengo kuchokera m'manja mwa osunga ndalama ndikuwayang'anira poyera zitha kuthana ndi vuto lalikululi. Izi zikutanthawuza kumanga machitidwe olimba a boma popanda "mgwirizano" ndi ndalama zapadera. Mwamwayi, akatswiri ndi omenyera ufulu akhala akukambirana kwanthawi yayitali zambiri zomwe zilipo. Opanga ndondomeko amangofunika kuzitsatira.
Kaya pomanga mabungwe atsopano ngati mabungwe azachuma adziko lonse kapena kupeza njira zopangira machitidwe athu omwe alipo kale owononga ndalama zambiri womvera mwademokalase, kusintha kwa ndale kowonjezereka kwa ndalama za boma ndikofunikira. Tiyenera kuyamba dzulo.
Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò ndi pulofesa wothandizira wa filosofi pa yunivesite ya Georgetown, komanso wolemba Reconsidering Reparations ndi Elite Capture yomwe ikubwera.
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