Zofunikira ndizomveka bwino, malingaliro amphamvu amatengedwa mosaganizira. Ndipo nkhani zazikuluzikulu zimanena kuti "magulu ankhondo alowa mkati mwa likulu la Iraq". Asilikali "akuwomba pakati pa Baghdad". Ndemanga za Pentagon zomwe zimanena za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto okhala ndi zida, ndege za "tank-busting" A-10 Warthog ndi mabomba a B-1 zimatumizidwa mopanda mpweya ndi njira zoulutsira mawu kwa anthu. "Chiwonetsero champhamvu" cha Anglo-America cholinga chake ndi "kutumiza uthenga wamphamvu ku boma la Iraq", BBC imatiuza mokhulupirika.
Ngati mutha kuletsa zolaula za Anyamata Omwe ankhondo, ndipo ngati mutha kudutsa tsamba pambuyo pa tsamba losasangalatsa la njira zankhondo, lodzaza ndi zithunzi zokongola zamagulu ankhondo, mutha kukumana ndi zowona zowopsa za Anglo-American. kuwukiridwa kwa dziko lowonongedwa la Dziko Lachitatu.
'Akhoza Kukhala Mwana Wanga'
Zoonadi, kufalitsa nkhani pawailesi yakanema sikofanana ndi gung-ho, kutsutsa kapena kumangokhalira kupotoza zomwe zimavomereza mofatsa zonena za 'mgwirizano' zonena kuti Iraq 'imasulidwa'; zolandilidwa mwachizolowezi zimachitika. Zitsanzo zaposachedwa m'nyuzipepala zaufulu zikuphatikiza nkhani zatsamba lakutsogolo la The Independent's Robert Fisk ndi nkhani yaposachedwa ya Guardian yolembedwa ndi Suzanne Goldenberg ('Chithunzi chakupha chomwe chidachitika mumzinda womwe ukukulirakulira - ndipo chidakula mosapiririka pofika mphindi', The Guardian, 9 April, 2003). A Goldenberg agwira mawu a Osama Salah, director of medical services pachipatala china ku Baghdad:
โIzi ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuona mwana atagona pamaso pako ndipo ndaona ana atatu. Ndimaona nkhope za ana anga omwe mwa ana amenewa. Akhoza kukhala mwana wanga. Atha kukhala msuweni wanga, ndipo aku America akupitilizabe, ndipo sasiya. โ
Masabata atatu aku US-UK akuukira Iraq, zoopsa, nkhanza ndi zowawa zakhala zomwe zikufotokozera. Osagwa pazandale zonena za "kuchepetsa ovulala" ndi "kulunjika kolondola": zodziwika bwino, komanso zochititsa manyazi, zomwe zadziwika kale, komanso zochititsa manyazi, zomwe zidachitika kale pankhondo yankhondo yaku US-UK kuyambira ku Gulf War yoyamba, Yugoslavia wakale, Afghanistan komanso Iraq kamodzi. kachiwiri. Atasungidwa m'masamba amkati masiku angapo apitawo, a Patrick Nicholson wa bungwe lothandizira Cafod adati:
"Ndangobwerako kumene kuchokera ku Angola komwe ndidawona umphawi wadzaoneni koma sindimayembekezera kuti ndidzawonanso masautso omwewo ku Iraq, dziko lomwe likuyandama pamafuta." ('Zitini ndi zidebe zilibe kanthu ndipo anthu ali osimidwa', Patrick Nicholson, The Independent, 5 April, 2003)
Madokotala a Red Cross omwe adayendera kum'mwera kwa Iraq sabata yatha adawona "zodabwitsa" za anthu wamba omwe adavulala kuphatikiza galimoto yodzaza ndi azimayi ndi ana odulidwa ziwalo. Roland Huguenin, m'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito asanu ndi limodzi a International Red Cross ku likulu la Iraq, adati madokotala adachita mantha ndi ovulala omwe adawapeza kuchipatala ku Hilla, pafupifupi makilomita 160 kumwera kwa Baghdad. "Pachitika chiลตerengero chodabwitsa cha ovulala," adatero Huguenin, "ndi mabala owopsa kwambiri m'chigawo cha Hilla. Tinaona kuti galimoto ina inali kunyamula mitembo ya amayi ndi ana yambirimbiri yothyoledwa. Zinali zochititsa mantha. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kukhulupirira kuti izi zikuchitika. Aliyense anali ndi mabala aakulu kwambiri ndipo ambiri, ambiri anali ana aang'ono ndi akazi. Tinali ndi ana aangโono azaka ziลตiri kapena zitatu amene anaduka miyendo, manja awo.โ ('Red Cross Yowopsya ndi Chiwerengero cha Anthu Akufa', Lachinayi 3 April 2003, http://truthout.org/docs_03/040603A.shtml )
Malinga ndi mtolankhani wa Independent Robert Fisk:
"Kanema wowopsa wa azimayi ndi ana adawonekera pambuyo poti a Reuters ndi Associated Press ataloledwa ndi akuluakulu aku Iraq kuti atenge makamera awo mtawuni. Zithunzi zawo - zoyamba zojambulidwa ndi mabungwe azofalitsa nkhani akumadzulo kuchokera ku Iraq komwe kuli nkhondo - zidawonetsa makanda odulidwa pakati ndi ana omwe ali ndi mabala odulidwa ziwalo, zomwe zikuoneka kuti zidachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa zipolopolo za ku America ndi magulu osiyanasiyana." ('Ana aphedwa ndikupunduka pakuwukira kwa bomba mtawuni', Robert Fisk ndi Justin Huggler, Independent, 2 April 2003)
Fisk anawonjezera kuti: "Zambiri za kanema wa kanemayo zinali zoopsa kwambiri kuti ziwonetsedwe pawailesi yakanema ndipo mabungwe omwe akonzi a Baghdad adamva kuti amatha kutumiza mphindi zochepa chabe za tepi ya mphindi 21 yomwe inali ndi bambo akutulutsa zidutswa za mwana wake ndikukuwa 'amantha. , amantha' kulowa mu kamera. Mmodzi wa akonzi a filimuyo, wa ku Ulaya, anafunsidwa chifukwa chake sakatumiza tepi yavidiyo yonse ku London. Iye anapachika zithunzizo pa mitembo iwiri yodulidwa ya makanda. โKodi tingatumize bwanji zimenezi?โโ iye anatero.
Zowopsa Zaumunthu - Zosokoneza Zosasangalatsa
Denis Halliday, yemwe kale anali wogwirizanitsa ntchito zothandizira anthu ku United Nations ku Baghdad, yemwe adasiya ntchito chifukwa cha zilango za UN mu 1998, adanena kuti akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vuto lachitukuko, makamaka kumwera kwa Iraq komwe madzi abwino akumwa akusowa kwambiri, komanso kumene makumi awiri. -ana asanu pa zana kapena kupitirira apo a ana osakwanitsa zaka zisanu ali ndi vuto losowa zakudya m'thupi. Poyankhulana ndi gwero lomwe silili lodziwika bwino la Between the Lines, Halliday anachenjeza kuti:
โMukadwala matenda opereลตera mโthupi mumsinkhu umenewo nโkupeza madzi osayera, kutsekula mโmimba chabe kumakwanira kukupha moyo wanu. Ndipo, ndithudi, kamwazi kapena mavuto ena aakulu kwambiri, matenda oyambitsidwa ndi madzi, amapha kotheratu. Chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ndivuto lomwe anthu mamiliyoni angapo akukumana nalo ku Um Qaser, Nasiriyah, Basra, Najaf kapena Karbala kumwera kwa Baghdad. (Kucheza ndi Denis Halliday ndi Scott Harris, Between the Lines, 7 April, 2003)
Kupatulapo kagulu kakang'ono kazinthu zolemekezeka, palibe mwazomwe zili pamwambazi zomwe zikutsogola pamutu wankhani, ndipo osati pazofalitsa zazikuluzikulu. Zowopsa zotere zikuwopseza "kuchotsa kuwala" pa "Shock and Awe" blitz, monga momwe Newsnight's Kirsty Wark adanenera (21 Marichi, 2003), monganso "kulowa" ndi "kuwomba" kotsatira kwa asitikali aku US-UK kumadera omwe ali ndi anthu wamba. . Pakadali pano, zomwe akuti "zida zowononga anthu ambiri" aku Iraq tsopano zaiwalika ndi oyang'anira nkhani, kupatula nkhani zowopsa za "mfuti za kusuta", zomwe zidawoneka momveka bwino zisanazimiririke mwakachetechete.
Izi ndizosavuta bwanji kwa a Bush ndi a Blair omwe ndi mkonzi wa ndale wa BBC Andrew Marr akutiuza kuti, "amuna awiri omwe kutsimikiza kwawo sikuyenera kufunsidwa." (Nkhani za BBC pa Intaneti, March 28, 2003) Zotsimikiza mtima zawo zingafanane ndi za maulamuliro amphamvu akale amene adutsa magazi mโdzina la โkuthandiza anthuโ; pali funso laling'ono la izo. Koma kuthekera kuti kusintha kwa Bush ndi Blair, popanda kuwukiridwa kwa Iraq sikukadakhala kosatheka, sikungatchulidwe kwa Marr, tsopano ndi nthawi yoti tithandizire ankhondo athu.
Chowonadi choyipa cha kuwukiridwa uku sichimachotsedwa; nthawi zambiri zimangobisidwa, kukwiriridwa ndi maekala ankhani, kapena ndi nthawi yowulutsa yoperekedwa ndi magulu ankhondo, zokambirana za mkulu wa gulu la gung-ho komanso nkhani zopanda pake, ngati zolimba mtima, zochokera kwa atolankhani "ophatikizidwa". Dokotala waku Iraq, Osama Saleh al-Duleimi, mboni ya nkhondo ziwiri zam'mbuyomu, akufotokoza zomwe timangowona:
"Ndakhala dokotala kwa zaka 25 ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe ndakhala ndikuziwonapo pankhani ya anthu ovulala komanso mabala akupha." ('Madokotala adatopa ndi kubwera kwa odwala 100 pa ola', Paul Peachey, The Independent, 7 April 2003)
Kusinthidwa Kwa Zofunika Kwambiri Za Nkhani, Zopangidwa Ndi 'Zokonda Zaku Britain'
Nangano n'chifukwa chiyani kusasinthasintha kwa nkhani zimenezi n'kofunika kwambiri? Pamwamba pa biluyo: kupita patsogolo kwa kuwukirako malinga ndi momwe adaniwo akuwonera, kuchita zinthu kunja kwa malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso motsutsana ndi zofuna za anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Pansi pa biluyo kapena, osachepera, m'munsi mwa masanjidwe: kuwerengera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa tsoka lachiwembu lomwe likuchitika, za kuzunzika kwakukulu kwa anthu komwe kuwukiridwaku kumabweretsa. N'chifukwa chiyani nkhani zankhani zili m'munsi?
Yankho laling'ono mwina lidaperekedwa ndi a Richard Sambrook, mkulu wa nkhani za BBC, pomwe adauza owerenga pa intaneti a Guardian sabata yatha kuti chofunikira kwambiri pa BBC ndikuwonetsa "zokonda zaku Britain". Zomwe zimakondazo, ndi ndani kapena zomwe zimazipanga, sizimanenedwa. Chinanso chimene sichinatchulidwe n'chakuti kusonyeza โzokonda ku Britainโ kungakhale vuto pa chikumbumtima cha munthu. Komano, monga momwe anarchist wa ku Germany Rudolf Rocker adanenapo:
โNdithu nzowopsa kwa dziko pamene nzika zake zili ndi chikumbumtima; chimene chimafunikira ndicho amuna opanda chikumbumtima, kapena, chabwino koposa, amuna amene chikumbumtima chawo chimagwirizana ndithu ndi zifukwa za boma, amuna amene kudzimva kuti ali ndi thayo laumwini kwaloลตedwa mโmalo ndi chisonkhezero chodziลตika bwino chakuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi zikondwerero za boma.โ (Rudolf Rocker, Culture and Nationalism, Michael E. Coughlan, 1978, p.197)
Chowonadi chosadziwika, kwenikweni, ndi chakuti "zofuna za Britain" zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu za boma zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atsogoleri omwe kale anali chipani chogwira ntchito azitsatira ndondomeko yolimbikitsa zofuna zaumwini pazabwino za anthu; zomwe zimawopseza anthu a Dziko Lachitatu omwe akhala pamwamba pa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe, mwa "mphamvu ndi zolondola", ndi "zathu" kumpoto kolemera; zomwe zimathandizira zilakolako zachifumu zamagulu akumanja ku Washington; ndipo izi zikuwononga ufulu wachibadwidwe wa nzika zaku UK. Izi ndi zomwe boma la Blair likuchita bwino, lomwe lidatsekedwa ndi mawu a "zofunika zapadziko lonse" za demokalase, ufulu ndi ufulu wa anthu. Chovalacho chimaperekedwa ndi gulu la akonzi atolankhani omwe amalipidwa bwino, olemba ndemanga ndi mfuti zolipidwa kuchokera kumaphunziro.
Kumasulidwa Ndi Bomba la Cluster
Ndipo kotero, pamene boma la UK laloledwa kunama, kunyenga ndi kupondereza maganizo a anthu a ku Britain, ndi kutumiza asilikali ake kuti "amasule" dziko loopsya, mkonzi mu 'anti-war' Independent akhoza kulengeza molunjika. nkhope:
"Blair ndi mlaliki wokhulupirira kuti padziko lonse lapansi palibe kusagwirizana komwe sikungathe kuthetsedwa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu okoma komanso anzeru." ('Kuyendera ku Belfast kudzapatsa George Bush maphunziro anthawi yake pankhani ya geography, ndale ndi kumanga dziko', The Independent, 7 April 2003)
Kulengeza kotereku kochokera ku ofesi ya akonzi komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi dziko lenileni kumavumbulutsa njira yokhotakhota yomwe imagwirizanitsa atsogoleri andale, atsogoleri amakampani ndi anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito pawailesi yakanema. Monga momwe wafilosofi wa ku Canada John McMurtry amanenera mochenjera:
"Tony Blair akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Wophatikizidwa mu chikhalidwe chamakampani cha chithunzi chaunyamata, amamangidwa ngati wowona mtima, wamphamvu komanso wamakhalidwe. Mofanana ndi atsogoleri ena achipani cholamula, iye wagwira ntchito molimbika kuti asankhidwe ndi akuluakulu azachuma komanso atolankhani ngati 'munthu woti agwire ntchitoyo'. Iye ndi fanizo la makhalidwe abwino la dongosolo. " ('Value Wars: Global Market Versus the Life Economy, Pluto Press, London, 2002, tsamba 22)
Mchitidwe wankhanza wa dongosololi nthawi zambiri umakhala wowonekera kwambiri kwa anthu monga momwe pulogalamu ya BBC Radio 4 Today inafotokozera Mlembi wa chitetezo ku UK, Geoff Hoon, kuti amayi a ku Iraq a ana omwe anaphedwa ndi mabomba a magulu asathokoze asilikali a Britain chifukwa cha zochita zawo. A Hoon adayankha kuti: "Tsiku lina atha."
Ndemanga yosaneneka imeneyi inatsatiridwa ndi kuyesa kowopsa kwa kupulumutsa nkhope, komwe kumadalira kwambiri nthano yabwino ya โkumasulidwaโ:
"Ndikuvomereza kuti pakanthawi kochepa zotsatira zake ndi zoyipa," adatero Hoon. "Palibe amene amachepetsa izi ndipo sindikufuna kutero," adatero. "Koma zomwe ndikunena ndikuti ili ndi dziko lomwe lachitiridwa nkhanza kwa zaka zambiri ndi boma loyipali ndikuti kubwezeretsedwa kwa dzikolo kwa anthu ake, kuthekera kodzipangira okha tsogolo lawo ... amapitilira moyo wawo, inde, amenewo adzakhala malo abwino kwa anthu aku Iraq. "
Alice Mahon, MP wa Labor ku Halifax, adalongosola zomwe a Hoon anena kuti ndi "zankhanza komanso zopanda chifundo". Iye anawonjezera kuti: โZinali zonyasa kunena. Anali mawu enieni ochokera kwa wogonjetsa, osati womasula.โ ('Hoon ndi "wankhanza" pa zonena za mabomba a magulu', Paul Waugh ndi Ben Russell, The Independent, 5 April, 2003)
Uwu ndi mtundu wakudzikuza kumene mphamvu zamakampani aboma zimamangidwira. Koma pali chiyembekezo, ndithudi. "Ulamuliro woterewu", McMurtry akutikumbutsa, "zimadalira pakusunga chidziwitso ndi kuponderezedwa. Ichi ndi chidendene chake cha Achilles. Anthu akangochiwona ndikuchiwonetsa kwa anthu ozungulira, malingaliro omwe amadalira amayamba kutaya mphamvu. โ (McMurtry, ibid, tsamba 84)
Pakadali pano, ofalitsa nkhani mdziko muno - BBC, The Guardian, The Observer, Channel 4 news, ITN, The Independent, ndi ena onse - akugwira ntchito yawo yosunga malingaliro awo onse. Koma masomphenyawa akutsutsidwa, ndipo anthu akudzuka
Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa Media Coverage of Iraq pitani http://www.zmag.org/CrisesCurEvts/Iraq/media_analysis.htm
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