Anthu opitilira 30 miliyoni adasamutsidwa kumene mchaka cha 2016 ndi mikangano ndi masoka, malinga ndi lipoti latsopano.
Pofufuza zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi pazaka zake zapachaka Lipoti Lapadziko Lonse la Kusamuka Kwa M'kati, Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) ndi Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) inapeza "zowopsya" komanso zowonjezereka za kusamutsidwa kwatsopano.
"Kuyambira pomwe tidayamba kukambirana, mabanja mazana ambiri achotsedwa kapena akuthamangitsidwa lero," adatero Mlembi Wamkulu wa NRC komanso yemwe kale anali Mlembi Wamkulu wa Nkhani Zothandiza Anthu ndi Zadzidzidzi Jan Egeland pamsonkhano wa atolankhani.
M’maiko 125, anthu 31.1 miliyoni othawa kwawo alembedwa, zomwe zikuimira chiwonjezeko choposa 3 miliyoni kuchokera mu 2015 ndipo kumasulira kwa munthu mmodzi amene amasamuka sekondi iliyonse.
"Banja likakankhidwira kunja kwa nyumba yawo, nthawi zambiri kwa zaka zambiri, ndi chizindikiro chakuti chinachake chalakwika kwambiri m'dziko, m'deralo, komanso mu ubale wa mayiko," anawonjezera Egeland.
Mwa onse, pafupifupi 7 miliyoni adasamutsidwa kumene chifukwa cha mikangano yokha mu 2016. Chodabwitsa kwa aliyense, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) inaposa Syria ndi Iraq pokhala ndi anthu atsopano othawa kwawo (IDPs) padziko lonse lapansi.
"Maso athu ndi chidwi chathu chinali ku Middle East," Mtsogoleri wa IDMC Alexandra Bilak adauza IPS.
"M'dera la kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa lakhala likukhudzidwa nthawi zonse ndi kusamuka kwawo kwa zaka zambiri, koma sitinkayembekezera kuti ku DRC kukuwonjezeka ndipo sitinkayembekezera kuchuluka komweko kuposa ku Syria," adatero.
Dziko la DRC lakhala likukhudzidwa ndi kusatetezeka kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 1990 pamene kuphana kwa mafuko ku Rwanda komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu othawa kwawo kunagwetsera dzikolo m’nkhondo yoopsa kwambiri m’mbiri ya Africa, kupha anthu pafupifupi 5 miliyoni.
Ngakhale dzikolo lidalengeza zamtendere mu 2003, pakhala chipwirikiti chachiwawa pakati pa magulu ankhondo zomwe zapangitsa kuti anthu opitilira 900,000 asamuke mchaka cha 2016.
Egeland adakumbukira zomwe adakumana nazo ku DRC ngati Wachiwiri kwa Mlembi Wamkulu pakati pa 2003 ndi 2006, nati, "Tinayenera kuthetsa [mikangano] zaka khumi zapitazo."
Adanenanso kuti DRC idawona kuchepa kwazinthu zothandiza anthu m'zaka zapitazi ndikucheperachepera.
"Zinagwera pamwamba pa ndondomeko ndipo zinali zoopsa-kumeneko kunali kulakwitsa kwakukulu," anapitiriza Egeland.
Bilak adauza IPS kuti ziwerengero zomwe zapezeka ku DRC mu lipotilo "ndizochepera" chifukwa anthu opitilira 1 miliyoni adasamutsidwa kumene m'dziko la Central Africa kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa 2017.
Mabungwewa adapezanso kuti masoka adasamutsa anthu kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mikangano, zomwe zidalemba anthu opitilira 24 miliyoni omwe adasamutsidwa m'maiko 118.
Oposa 68 peresenti ya anthu onse othawa kwawo chifukwa cha masoka anachitika ku East Asia ndi Pacific, kuphatikizapo China ndi Philippines, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamuke chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mvula yamkuntho. Zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo pamafupipafupi ndi kuopsa kwa nyengo yoipa zidzangowonjezera kusamuka koteroko, lipotilo linati.
Ndipo ndi pachisumbu chaching'ono chomwe chili pachiwopsezo chomwe chidzapitilirabe kuvutika mopanda malire, adatero Bilak.
Dziko la Haiti, lomwe lidakalipobe chifukwa cha chivomezi cha 2010 komanso mphepo yamkuntho yotchedwa Hurricane Matthew posachedwapa, ili m'gulu la mayiko omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri la anthu othawa kwawo. Dziko la Caribbean silimangoyang'anizana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha masoka, komanso mphamvu yochepa yoyankha ndi kupirira.
"Ichi ndi chiwonetsero china chachisoni cha kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri pamachitidwe omwe mitundu iyi imayimira komanso momwe zimavutira kuti mayiko ena achire," adatero Bilak.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti ma IDPs amaposa othawa kwawo onse ndi awiri kapena mmodzi, chidwi chachikulu cha dziko lapansi ndi nkhawa za anthu othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo m'malo mwa nkhani ya kusamuka kwawo. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zambiri zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsanso anthu othawa kwawo m’mayiko amene anapereka ndalamazo kusiyana ndi mmene anawonongera mavuto a m’mayiko omwe anabadwira kumene anachititsa kuti anthu athawe.
"Pongoyang'ana othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo, mumangoyang'ana kumapeto kwa zovuta-mukuyang'ana kumapeto kwa madzi oundana," Bilak adauza IPS.
Iye anapitiriza kuti: “N’zosaganizira mozama komanso n’zopanda nzeru kuyang’ana kwambiri zandale komanso zachuma pazizindikiro za vutolo m’malo moganizira zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.
Egeland ananenanso maganizo ofanana ndi amenewa, ponena kuti ngakhale kuti padzikoli pali anthu ambiri othawa kwawo, ndi “nthano yongopeka” kuti anthu “asefukira” ku Ulaya.
Pali maulalo pakati pa ma IDPs ndi othawa kwawo chifukwa kusamutsidwa kosasunthika kwamkati nthawi zina kungayambitse kuyenda kudutsa malire. Maiko omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma IDP ambiri amakonda kutulutsa othawa kwawo ambiri padziko lonse lapansi monga South Sudan ndi Syria.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chithunzi chonse cha kusamuka ndi kusamuka ndikuvomereza kuti kusamuka kwamkati ndi gawo lofunikira pa chithunzicho, adatero Bilak.
Kumvetsetsa njira za kusamuka ndi mayendedwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yabwino komanso yothandiza pakupewa, kukonzekera, ndi kuyankha.
Onse awiri Bilak ndi Egeland adayitanitsa kukhazikitsidwanso kwazandale ndi zachuma munkhani yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yophimbidwa.
"Lipotili ndi chida chothandizira olemba ndondomeko kuti awathandize kuika patsogolo pamene akuyenera kugawa chuma chawo, ndale komanso ndalama zawo," Bilak adauza IPS.
Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa chithandizo chachitukuko pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chomwe chilipo komanso chiwopsezo chamtsogolo, kuthandiza kuchepetsa zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za kusamutsidwa kwamkati ndikuletsa kuti mavuto ang'onoang'ono apitirizebe mtsogolo.
"Mpaka zomwe zimayambitsa umphawi, kusalingana, ndi kuchepa kwa chitukuko zithetsedwe, mikangano ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu zidzapitirizabe kuchititsa anthu kusamuka komanso kulepheretsa njira zothetsera mavuto," lipotilo likumaliza.
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