Kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa demokalase yamasankho kunachitika m'maiko angapo mu June 2009. Milandu iwiri inali yofunika kwambiri: chisankho cha pulezidenti cha June 12 ku Iran chomwe Mahmoud Ahmadinejad omwe anali pampando anaimbidwa mlandu wachinyengo pazisankho, komanso pa June 28 asitikali adalanda Purezidenti wa Honduran Manuel Zelaya. Ndendende zomwe zidachitika ku Iran, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa chinyengo komanso ngati zinali zotsimikizika kapena ayi, mwina sizodziwika bwino ngati zomwe zidachitika ku Honduras, pomwe utsogoleri wankhondo unachotsa mopanda manyazi mtsogoleri wosankhidwa wa dzikolo. Koma mosasamala kanthu kuti zochitika zenizeni zenizeni zinali zotani, m’dziko lililonse munali chizolowezi chopondereza boma pambuyo pa chochitikacho. M'zochitika zonsezi, kuponderezana kudakhala ngati kupha, kuzunza, komanso kuchita zachiwawa zingapo monga kuletsa atolankhani, nthawi yofikira panyumba, komanso kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri mopanda chilungamo.

 

Ku Iran, monga Amnesty International inanena December watha, “anthu zikwizikwi anamangidwa popanda zifukwa, ambiri anaphedwa m’makwalala kapena anafera m’ndende, ndipo ambiri anati anazunzidwa kapena kuchitiridwa nkhanza mwanjira ina.” AI yadzudzula "kufunitsitsa kwa aboma kuchita ziwawa komanso kusamalidwa pofuna kuletsa ziwonetsero komanso kusagwirizana." Mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe aku Iran adajambula zofanana chithunzi. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha anthu omwe anamwalira chikadali mkangano, ndipo mwina sichingadziwike konse, koma chinalipo pafupifupi [1].

 

Ku Honduras, bungwe la Comité de Familiares de Detenidos Desaparecidos en Honduras (COFADEH) lalemba zolembedwa zokhuza kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu zomwe zachitika pambuyo pa kulanda pa June 28. COFADEH ili zatsimikiziridwa kupha anthu khumi chifukwa cha ndale m'miyezi iwiri yotsatira kulanda boma, kuphatikiza zinayi mkati mwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira; pofika February 2010 onse anali makumi anayi. Ambiri mwa ozunzidwawo adachita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi kulanda, ndipo wina anali mtolankhani yemwe adalembapo ziwonetsero zomwe zidachitika ku Honduran. Mabungwe akunja omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe adatsimikizira nkhaniyi, ngakhale popanda phindu la kukhalapo kosalekeza. Ulendo wa Amnesty International ku Honduras patatha mwezi umodzi chigawenga chinachitika apezeka kuti “[e] kukakamizidwa kochulukira kwa apolisi ndi asitikali kwakhala kwachizoloŵezi ndipo mazana a ziwonetsero zamtendere akhala akutsekeredwa m’ndende popanda chifukwa.” AI idatsimikiziranso kuti osachepera awiri ochita ziwonetsero zamtendere adaphedwa ndi mfuti. Bungwe la UN High Commissioner for Human Rights linanenanso chimodzimodzi zotsatira mu March chaka chino. Kuyambira Marichi, atolankhani asanu ndi awiri aphedwa. Pa chaka chimodzi chokumbukira kulanda boma, mneneri wa Amnesty International adatsutsidwa "kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa ufulu wachibadwidwe" komwe kwapitilira kuyambira pomwe boma la Porfirio Lobo lidakhazikitsidwa mu Januware, ndikuzindikira kuti Lobo "walephera kuchitapo kanthu kuti ateteze” Ufulu wa anthu aku Honduras [2].

 

Kuyesa "kuyika" kapena kuwerengera kuvutika kwa anthu ndizovuta komanso zonyansa, koma titha kunena motsimikiza kuti kuponderezana kwa boma m'maiko awiriwa kunali kofanana. Nkhani zotsatizana komanso zowona mtima zitha kuyembekezeredwa kuti zipereke chidwi chofananira ndi mkwiyo pamilandu iwiriyi. M'malo mwake, nkhani zofalitsa nkhani ziwirizi ndi chitsanzo cha "zabodza" za a Edward Herman ndi a Noam Chomsky, omwe amalosera kuti nkhani zaku US zidzanyoza omwe akutsutsa boma la US ndi omwe akulithandizira pomwe zikuwonetsa kulekerera kwakukulu kwa ogwirizana nawo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachitsanzochi chikulosera kuti atolankhani awonetsa chisoni chachikulu kwa omwe akuzunzidwa ndi adani aku US - "ozunzidwa" - kwinaku akunyalanyaza kapena kunyoza kuzunzika kwa "osayenera," omwe akuvutika ndi anzawo aku US [ 3]. Iran, sizikunena, ndi mdani waku US. Ngakhale momwe olamulira a Obama akuwongolera maulamuliro a Micheletti ndi Lobo ku Honduras sanamveke bwino - Obama poyamba adadzudzula zachiwembuchi ndikudula thandizo lina la US - zambiri zomwe maboma adachita mchaka chatha zikuwonetsa kuti Honduras ndi. Mgwirizano wamphamvu waku US [4].

 

Neda ndi Isis: Ozunzidwa Oyenera ndi Osayenerera

 

Pankhani ya Iran, a New York Times ndi Washington Post onse moyenerera adapereka malo ochuluka ku zotsatira zopondereza za chisankho. Kusaka kwa database ya Lexis-Nexis ya "Iran + Elections" m'miyezi iwiri yotsatira zisankho kunapeza zotsatira 234. Times ndi 178 mu Post. Masamba amalingaliro panthawiyi anali okwiya kwambiri: a Post adasindikiza ndemanga yotsutsa njira zopondereza za boma la Iran pafupifupi 3-4 pa sabata [5].

 

Mnyamata wina wa ku Iran anachitiridwa chifundo. Mayi wazaka 26 Neda Agha Soltan adawomberedwa pachiwonetsero pa June 20, ndipo kuphedwa kwake kudagwidwa patepi ndikufalikira pa intaneti. The Post anatchula Neda okwana khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi mu miyezi iwiri; m’sabata yoyamba yokha pambuyo pa imfa yake, inasindikiza zolembedwa ziwiri, ma op-eds awiri, kalata imodzi, ndi nkhani ina ya patsamba loyamba yofotokoza za imfa yake. The Times adasindikiza ma op-ed awiri kuti achite chimodzimodzi. 

 

Chithunzi 1:

 

Zolemba ndi Op-eds Zoyang'ana Pakudzudzula Kuponderezedwa ku Iran,

 

Juni 13 - Ogasiti 13, 2009

 

*Ziwerengero sizimaphatikizapo zolemba ndi ma op-ed omwe akungonena mwachidule kapena mozama za kuponderezana, kapena momwe Iran sinali cholinga chachikulu.

 

 

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nkhani za kuponderezedwa kwa ulamuliro wa Micheletti ku Honduras zinalibe. Kufalikira konse kwa Honduras kunali kocheperako kuposa kufalikira kwa Iran. Kuphatikiza apo, mkati mwa zolemba zomwe zidaperekedwa pachigawenga (69), 28 peresenti (19) yokha idatchulapo njira zopondereza za boma la Micheletti. Ambiri amangotchulidwa kuwunika kwa boma, kugwiritsa ntchito utsi wokhetsa misozi, ndi machitidwe osapha; zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha mwazolemba khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zidanena za kufa kwa ochita ziwonetsero ku Honduran. Chifukwa chake, kuponderezana ku Honduras kumayenera kutchulidwa pang'ono m'nkhani zonse kuposa kuchuluka kwa malingaliro (50) opangidwa ndi kuponderezedwa kofananira ku Iran, chiŵerengerocho chinali pafupifupi 2: 5. Palibe mkonzi kapena chidutswa chimodzi chotsutsa kuponderezana ku Honduras; ambiri anachita zosiyana, kufunafuna kulungamitsa kulanda ndikuimba mlandu Zelaya (onani pansipa).

 

Chithunzi 2:

 

Nkhani Zokhudza Kuponderezedwa kwa Micheletti Regime ku Honduras,

 

Juni 29 - Ogasiti 29, 2009

 

 

Wapafupi kwambiri Honduran ofanana Neda anali Isis Obed Murillo wazaka 19, yemwe anaphedwa ndi mfuti pamutu pa June 5 pamene anali kuyembekezera Zelaya (osapambana) akufika ku eyapoti ya Toncontín. Dzina la Isis linadziwika bwino pakati pa olimbikitsa mgwirizano padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zambiri zokhudza imfa yake zinali kupezeka pa intaneti m'masabata otsatira. Koma Isis adatchulidwa dzina kawiri kokha mu Post (ndi dzina lake lolembedwa molakwika), ndipo sanatchulidwepo mu Times. Palibe chilichonse chomwe chinaperekedwa ku imfa yake; onse adatchula kuphedwa kwake ngati umboni wa "gulu la Honduran logawanika kwambiri" [6]. Mosiyana ndi izi, cholinga chomveka chofotokozera za imfa ya Neda chinali kusonyeza nkhanza za boma la Iran. Malipoti a Neda adamupangitsa kukhala waumunthu kwambiri, ndikuwuza owerenga momwe adaphunzirira nyimbo ndi nzeru zake ndipo adakana molimba mtima kuvala chovala chachikazi chachisilamu [7].

 

Kufotokozera kosiyana kwa imfa ya Neda ndi Isis kumatsimikizira kulosera kwa Herman ndi Chomsky za "oyenera komanso osayenera." Kuzunzika kwa anthu kumayenera kuchitiridwa chifundo kokha ngati wolakwirayo ali m’modzi wa adani a Washington.

 

Chisankho Chovomerezeka ndi Chinyengo

 

Nkhani za atolankhani za US za chisankho cha Purezidenti wa June 12 ku Iran ndi zisankho za Novembala 29 ku Honduras zidatsata njira yofananira: kukayikira ndi zonenedweratu zachinyengo pankhani ya Iran, kutamandidwa ku Honduras.

 

Monga mtolankhani komanso wotsutsa atolankhani Michael Corcoran ali adatchulidwa, atolankhani aku US adagwiritsa ntchito "njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino" pofotokoza zisankho ziwirizi. The Times, Post, ndi mabungwe ena adadzudzula chisankho cha June 12 ku Iran, ponena kuti "ndithudi zikuwoneka ngati zachinyengo.” Mosiyana, a Times idayamika zisankho za Novembala 29 ku Honduran "zaukhondo komanso zachilungamo", pomwe a Post idati "zakhala zamtendere kwambiri". Mabungwe amodzimodziwo sanaganizire kwenikweni milandu yoopsa ya chinyengo kapena malipoti a mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe omwe amalemba za kuopsa kwa ovota ndi kuponderezedwa kwa boma kwa otsutsa. Sipanapatsidwe chidwi chilichonse pakunyanyala kwa otsutsa ku Honduran, ndipo sanatchulepo chilichonse. Ndipotu kuti mtsogoleri wotsutsa, mtsogoleri wa mgwirizanowu Carlos Reyes, adamenyedwa ndi asilikali a boma pa July 30, dzanja lake linathyoledwa, komanso kuti Reyes adachotsa chisankho chake kuti asavomereze chisankho. Ndipo ngakhale pafupifupi maboma onse akunja ndi mabungwe oyang'anira zisankho adatsutsa chisankho ngati chosaloledwa, atolankhani aku US, monga boma la US, adavomereza [8].

 

Corcoran amaperekanso umboni wochuluka wa kukondera pa mlandu wa New York Times:

 

The Times adatulutsa nkhani za 37 pankhaniyi - mawu opitilira 38,000 onse, kuphatikiza zolemba zamasamba 15 - m'masiku 10 otsatira zisankho zaku Iran. Pepalalo lidasindikizanso ma op-ed 12, zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi zowunikira nkhani, zolemba ziwiri, ndi mawu opitilira 2,600 m'makalata opita kwa mkonzi. Mosiyana ndi izi, m'masiku 10 pambuyo pa chisankho cha Honduras, a Times Nkhani zisanu ndi imodzi zokha, kuphatikizapo nkhani zinayi, nkhani imodzi (yomwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, inatcha chisankho "choyera" ndi "chabwino") ndi nkhani imodzi mwachidule. Palibe zolemba zomwe zidasindikizidwa patsamba loyamba, ndipo panalibe makalata osindikizidwa kwa mkonzi kapena op-eds. Mwachidule, a Times adasindikiza mawu pafupifupi 3,000 pavuto la Honduran, pafupifupi 35,000 ocheperapo poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidaperekedwa ku chisankho cholakwika cha Iran. [9]

 

 

Zomwe anapezazi, zomwe zimaganiziridwa pamodzi ndi malipoti a anthu omwe amawona za ufulu wa anthu, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kutsutsa zomwe Corcoran ananena kuti atolankhani aku US "adachita nawo kulepheretsa demokalase ya Honduran."

 

Monga momwe zilili ndi ozunzidwa oyenerera komanso osayenera, maulosi oyambirira a chitsanzo cha propaganda amatsimikiziridwa. Izi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri [10]. Malingaliro achifumu ndi omveka bwino, ndipo nthawi zina amavomerezedwa ndi akuluakulu aku US ndi akatswiri panthawi yolankhula. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, poyankha kudzudzula kuti boma la US likugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri potsutsa zisankho za Sandinista ku Nicaragua pomwe likunena kuti chisankho chodziwika bwino cha El Salvador (mgwirizano wa US), kazembe waku US adanenanso kuti "[. t] United States sakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chigamulo chofanana ku dziko lomwe boma lake likudana kwambiri ndi US monga dziko, monga El Salvador, kumene siliri "[11]. Moyenerera, chaka chinali 1984.

 

"Kuukira kwa Honduras Ndi Mlandu wa Purezidenti Zelaya": Thesis of Provocation Thesis

 

Kuphatikiza pa kutsatira mosamalitsa chitsanzo chabodza, kufalitsa atolankhani ku Honduras kwabwezeretsanso mitsinje yambiri yokhala ndi mizu yakuzama munkhani yachifumu komanso ya Orientalist [12]. Owerenga a Times ndi Post amawonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi zithunzi za "amuna amphamvu" omwe ali ndi njala yamphamvu akunyengerera unyinji wa makanda, omwe "amakhala osawona zotsatira" [13]. Pakalipano, kutsutsa kotchuka kwa ufumu ndi oligarchy ndi zotsatira za oyambitsa kunja monga Hugo Chávez osati zodandaula zilizonse zovomerezeka kapena zikhumbo. Chávez, yemwe akufuna kuti “socialist-emperor,” akuimira anthu oipa achilatini: amene akusintha maiko awo kukhala maulamuliro opondereza a munthu mmodzi ndi kutsogolera chuma chawo ku chiwonongeko, “mosiyana kwambiri ndi ena onse a ku Latin America,” Latin America yabwino. omwe "amavomereza kudalirana kwa mayiko" [14]. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndizopanda ntchito pokhapokha ngati zikugwirizana ndi nkhani zakale.

 

Ngakhale kuti danga limalepheretsa kusanthula mozama, chitsanzo chimodzi ndi chofunika kwambiri. Kuposa theka la zolemba zonse ndi malingaliro a Honduras m'miyezi iwiri yotsatira chigawengacho chinapangitsa owerenga kukhulupirira kuti Zelaya ndiye anali ndi udindo pa chigawengacho - nthawi zina, ponena momveka bwino kuti "Kuukira kwa Honduras ndi vuto la Purezidenti Zelaya" ( mutu wa July 1 Post op-olembedwa ndi wolemba wakumanja waku Peruvia waku America Alvaro Vargas Llosa) [15]. Maziko akuluakulu a chigamulochi anali zonena kuti Zelaya wakhala akufuna kuwonjezera kapena kuthetsa malire a pulezidenti, motero akuphwanya lamulo la 1982 Honduran. M'malo mwake, monga momwe owonera mosamala adanenera, zisankho zomwe Zelaya adakonza pa Juni 28 zikadangofunsa ovota ngati angafune kuyika funso pa chisankho cha Novembala kuti asankhe kapena ayi. msonkhano watsopano wa Constitutional Assembly. NACLA wolemba Robert Naiman, mu a ovuta za kufalitsa atolankhani za kulanda, akuti "funso silinafotokozere malire a nthawi" [16].

 

Akonzi ku Times ndi Post mwina ankadziwa zimenezi. Sikuti owerenga odziwitsidwa adawalembera makalata kuti awaphunzitse zenizeni za momwe zinthu ziliri, koma nkhani ya June 30 mu Times anagwira mawu mkulu wina wa ku United States amene sanatchulidwe dzina amene anavomereza kuti kufufuzako kukanakhala “kufufuza kopanda malire” kwa anthu. Koma tidbit iyi idayiwalika mwachangu pafupifupi pafupifupi zonse zomwe zidatsatiridwa, ndipo m'modzi mwa atolankhani omwe adalemba nawo nkhaniyi sanalembenso zolemba zina za Honduras nthawi yonse yachilimwe [17]. M'malo mwake, malingaliro ndi nkhani zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanena kapena kunena mosapita m'mbali kuti Zelaya ndiye adayambitsa chipwirikiticho pofuna kulembanso Constitution ndi/kapena kuwonjezera nthawi yake paudindo. Nkhani zodziwika bwino zankhani zinati "Zelaya adachotsedwa paudindo chifukwa adapanga referendum yomwe ikanamulola kuti ayambenso kukhala paudindo" komanso kuti "makutu omwe [Zelaya] amayesa kuphwanya Malamulo Oyendetsera Dziko ndikuwonjezera nthawi yake. mphamvu yothamangitsira kuchotsedwa kwake” [18]. Zolemba ndi zolemba za op-ed zidanenanso kuti Zelaya akufuna "kugonjetsa malire omwe akanamukakamiza kuti achoke paudindo," ndipo ambiri adadzudzula Zelaya chifukwa cha kulanda [19]. Zolemba "zamanja" kwambiri zinanena zomwe otsutsa amatsutsa Zelaya koma adaziwonetsa kuti ndi zomwe adamutsutsa osati zoona za uthenga wabwino. Komabe, ndi zolemba zochepa zokha zomwe zidaphatikizapo kuyankha kwachindunji kuchokera kwa Zelaya kapena omuthandizira ake - kutanthauza kuti zonenedweratuzo mwina zinali zodalirika - ndipo palibe amene adatsutsa mwachindunji zomwe zidanenedwazo.  

 

Chithunzi 3:

 

Press Coverage Kudzudzula Zelaya, Onse Kapena Mbali Yake, Chifukwa Chodzigwetsa Yekha,

 

Juni 29 - Ogasiti 29, 2009

 

 

*Ziwerengero zikuphatikiza nkhani zotsatiridwa, zosintha, ndi ma op-eds; zolemba zosalembedwa ndi makalata osaphatikizidwa

 

 

Lingaliro lakuti ozunzidwa ali ndi udindo woyambitsa milandu kwa iwo - nthawi zina amatchedwa "thesis provocation" - wakhala akuchitika mobwerezabwereza m'nkhani zamakono za imperialist. Zowonjezera! wolemba nkhani Mark Cook zolemba kuti pambuyo pa kulanda boma la 1964 ku Brazil, a New York Times ndipo ena adadzudzula Purezidenti wochotsedwa João Goulart, yemwe Times wolemba nkhani akuimbidwa mlandu woyesera "Kutalikitsa [nthawi yake] pochotsa lamulo loletsa kutsatizana kwa Purezidenti" [20]. Ndipo kutsatira kuukira kwa asitikali aku US motsutsana ndi Purezidenti waku Chile Salvador Allende mu Seputembara 1973 Times idadzudzulanso purezidenti yemwe adachotsedwa chifukwa "akukankhira pulogalamu ya sosholizimu yofalikira yomwe analibe udindo wodziwika" [21]. Ngakhale olemba mbiri omasuka amadzudzula zigawenga zakumanzere ndi atsogoleri opita patsogolo amitundu chifukwa cha nkhanza zankhondo zomwe zidazungulira kontinentiyi m'ma 1960, 1970, ndi 1980. “Zigawenga,” akulemba motero wopenyerera wina wotchuka wa ku Guatemala, “zinachirikiza [zinachirikiza] malingaliro a mapiko akupha kwambiri a apolisi m’maiko ambiri” [22].

 

******

 

Apanso, ngakhale nkhani zofalitsa nkhani zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi makampani zikuoneka kuti sizingathe kapena sizikufuna kufotokoza zomwe zikuchitika ku Latin America moona mtima, kutanthauza kuti, mosadalira boma la US kapena makampani. Kuphunzitsa ndi kukakamiza atolankhani ndi ombudspersons pa zofalitsa zoterezi nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino, ndipo ndizofunika kuyesetsa [23]. Koma tsopano, kuposa kale, kuti tipeze chidziwitso chodalirika chokhudza dziko lapansi ndi udindo wa US mmenemo, kumafuna kuti tigonjetse chidaliro chathu pa zofalitsa zamakampani komanso zothandizidwa ndi makampani, m'malo mwake titembenukira ku malo odziyimira pawokha monga Z, NACLA, UpsideDownWorld.org , ndi Demokalase Tsopano! za nkhani zathu zaku Latin America. 

 

Ndemanga:

 

[1] Ayi, Iran: Chisankho Chatsutsidwa, Kuponderezedwa Kwawonjezeka, 10 December 2009; Defenders of Human Rights Center, Lipoti la Quarterly Human Rights Report ndi Defenders of Human Rights Center (Spring-Chilimwe 1388 [2009]).

 

[2] COFADEH, "Kaundula wa Imfa Zachiwawa Zolimbikitsidwa ndi Ndale za Anthu Pawokha, June 2009 mpaka February 2010" (Kumasulira kwa Quixote Center kwa Tercer informe situación de derechos humanos ku Honduras en el marco del golpe de Estado: Octubre 2009-Enero 2010 [Resumen ejecutivo]); Ayi, Honduras: Mavuto a Ufulu Wachibadwidwe Akuwopsezedwa Pamene Kuponderezana Kukukulirakulira, 19 August 2009, masamba 6-7; Ofesi ya UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Lipoti la United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Violations of Human Rights ku Honduras kuyambira pamene Coup d'état anachita pa 28 June 2009., Marichi 3, 2010; Ayi, "Honduras Ikulephera Kuthana ndi Kuphwanya Ufulu Wachigawenga," UpsideDownWorld.org, 28 June 2010. Onaninso Bill Quigley ndi Laura Raymond, "Chaka Chimodzi Pambuyo pake: Honduras Resistance Strong Ngakhale US Inathandizira Kugonjetsa, " Perekani! 28 June 2010, ndipo, kuchokera ku UpsideDownWorld.org, Belén Fernandez, "Honduras Patapita Chaka Chimodzi," 27 June 2010, ndi Joseph Shansky, "Kuukira Sikunathe: Kuwonetsa Chaka Chotsutsana ku Honduras, " 28 June 2010-yotsirizirayi ngakhale kuti Honduras inali yolakwika ngati "tndiye woyamba kuchita bwino m'malo ankhondo aku Latin America m'zaka makumi angapo” (ngati kulanda boma kumatanthauza kugwetsa pulezidenti wankhondo ndikuyika munthu wina, zitsanzo zina zaposachedwa ziyenera kutchulidwa, monga Venezuela mu 2002 ndi Haiti mu 1991 ndi 2004. ).

 

[3] Mawu achikale ndi Edward S. Herman ndi Noam Chomsky, Chivomerezo Chopanga: Political Economy ya Mass Media (New York: Pantheon, 2002 [1988]). Mayesero owonjezera a chitsanzo akupezeka mu Noam Chomsky, Zolakwika Zofunikira: Kuwongolera Maganizo M'magulu A demokalase (Boston: South End Press, 1989). Chitsanzocho ndi chovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe mawu achidulewa akusonyezera; Chifukwa chimodzi, sizipereka kuwongolera kwachindunji kwa boma pazofalitsa, kutsutsana kuti m'malo mwake zowulutsa ziwonetsero zikuwonetsa mgwirizano womwe ukukula wa akuluakulu aboma ndi makampani. Komanso si "chiwembu" - m'malo mwake, mafotokozedwe a Herman ndi Chomsky akugogomezera njira za "msika waulere" kwambiri kuposa "chiwembu" chilichonse chachindunji cha anthu. Onani mawu oyamba a kope la 2002 la Chilolezo Chopanga komanso kuyankha kwa Chomsky kwa otsutsa mu Zolinga Zofunika.

 

[4] Zizindikiro zikuphatikiza US kukana kukakamiza kwambiri Micheletti; kukhala chete kwake kokhudza kuphwanyidwa kwa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa boma kuyambira pamene chigawenga chinachitika; kupitiriza ntchito yake ya Soto Cano malo ankhondo ku Honduras; maphunziro ake anapitiriza a Honduras pa otchuka Sukulu ya America; kuzindikira kwake mwamsanga “kusankha” kwa Lobo panthaŵi imene maboma oŵerengeka anali kuchita zimenezo; Hillary Clinton ndi wamphamvu kulengeza pofuna kuzindikira chigawo cha ulamuliro wa Lobo; ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwaposachedwa kwa US thandizo lankhondo ku ulamuliro wa Lobo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za udindo wa Obama kuyambira Disembala watha onani Mark Weisbrot, "Njira Khumi Zapamwamba Zomwe Mungadziwire Kuti Boma la United States Liri Kumbali Iti Pankhani ya Nkhondo Yankhondo ku Honduras," CommonDreams.org, 16 December 2009, ndi magwero omwe atchulidwa m'munsimu 2 pamwambapa.

 

[5] Pakutsutsa koyambirira kwa kusiyana kumeneku, komwe kumayang'ana kwambiri Times, onani Michael Corcoran ndi Stephen Maher, "Iran vs Honduras: The Times' Selective Promotion of Democracy," Zowonjezera! (Ogasiti 2009).

 

[6] Mary Beth Sheridan ndi Juan Forero, "Clinton Avomera Kukumana ndi Zelaya; Khama Linakula Pothetsa Mavuto,” Washington Post, 7 July 2009, gawo. A, p. 8; Juan Forero, "Kugawanika Kwambiri ku Honduran Society, Mkhalidwe Wokhoza Kuyaka, " Post, 15 July 2009, gawo. A, p. 8.

 

[7] Mwachitsanzo, Kathleen Parker, “The Mawu a Neda; Chipolopolo cha Sniper Chimapereka Kuyenda Chizindikiro Chake” (op-ed), Post, 24 June 2009, gawo. A, p. 27.

 

[8] Mawu onse ochokera, kapena ogwidwa mawu mu Corcoran, "Nkhani Ya Zisankho Ziwiri: Iran ndi Honduras," Lipoti la NACLA Zokhudza America 43, ayi. 1 (March/April 2010): 46-48. Zambiri pa Reyes zimapezeka kwambiri kunja kwa dziko la US; Ndikuthokoza a Jesse Freeston wa Real News Network pondidziwitsa kuti atolankhani anakana kufalitsa zachiwawa zomwe zachitika kwa Reyes pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pomwe zidawonetsa zochitika zofananira (ndipo mwina zochepa) za kuponderezana kwa ndale wotchuka. Mohamad Khatami ku Iran madzulo a tchuthi cha Ashura kumapeto kwa Disembala (mwachitsanzo, Nazila Fathi, "Ziwonetsero ku Tehran Zimatsutsana ndi Kuletsedwa ndi Kulimbana Ndi Apolisi ndi Asitikali Ankhondo, " New York Times, Disembala 27, 2009, gawo. A, p. 6).

 

[9] Corcoran, "Nthano Yachisankho Awiri," 48.

 

[10] Kuti mupeze umboni wokwanira kuchokera ku 1980s onani Herman ndi Chomsky, Chilolezo Chopangandipo Chomsky, Zolinga Zofunika.

 

[11] Wotchulidwa mu Thomas W. Walker, Nicaragua: Kukhala Mumthunzi wa Mphungu, kope lachinayi (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2003), 158.

 

[12] Zina mwazinthu izi onani wanga "Kuyesa Chitsanzo cha Propaganda: Nkhani za US Press ku Venezuela ndi Colombia, 1998-2008," ZNet, 19 December 2008; wamfupi Baibulo adawonekera Lipoti la NACLA Zokhudza America 41, ayi. 6 (November/December 2008): 50-52.

 

[13] "Bambo. Zida za Chávez: Pomwe Chuma Chimakula, Strongman Splurges waku Venezuela" (mkonzi), Post, 8 April 2010, gawo. A, p. 20; Jackson Diehl, "Kugula Thandizo ku Latin America" ​​(op-ed), Post, 26 September 2005, gawo. A, p. 23.

 

[14] Roger Cohen, "Kutseka Chavez [sic] waku Venezuela" (op-ed), NYT, 29 November 2007, gawo. A, p. 31; Juan Forero, "Venezuela Yolemera Kwambiri ndi Mafuta Ikukhudzidwa ndi Mavuto Azachuma," Post, 29 April 2010, gawo. A, p. 7.

 

[15] Vargas Llosa adapatsidwanso malo op-ed mu Times pa June 30: "Wopambana ku Honduras: Chavez" [sic], sec. A, p. 21.

 

[16] Namani, "US Media Yalephera ku Honduras Coup Reporting," Lipoti la NACLA Zokhudza America 42, ayi. 6 (November/December 2009).

 

[17] Helene Cooper ndi Marc Lacey, "Ku Honduras Coup, Mizimu ya Ndondomeko Zakale za US," NYT, 30 June 2009, gawo. A, p. 1. Cooper sanalembenso zolemba zina za Honduras panthawi yomwe ikukambidwa.

 

[18] William Booth, "Utsogoleri wa Honduras Umakhala Wotsutsa; Boma Latsopano Linyoza Zoyesayesa Zapadziko Lonse Zofuna Kubwezeretsa Purezidenti Wochotsedwa," Post, 3 July 2009, gawo. A, p. 10; Ginger Thompson, "Makhalidwe Ena Afikira Honduras Kukangana,” NYT, 17 July 2009, gawo. A, p. 9.

 

[19] "Tetezani Demokalase: Ku Honduras, Izi Zikuyenera Kutanthawuza Zambiri Kuposa Kubwezeretsa Purezidenti Kuofesi," Post, 30 June 2009, gawo. A, p. 12.

 

[20] Wolemba nkhani Arthur Krock, wotchulidwa mu Mark Cook, "Kubwerera ku Honduras: Zodzinamizira zachiwembu zasinthidwa kuchokera ku Brazil '64," Zowonjezera! (Seputembala 2009).

 

[21] "Tsoka ku Chile" (mkonzi), NYT, 12 September 1973, p. 46; cf. Charles Eisendrath, "Mapeto Amagazi a Maloto a Marxist," Time (24 September 1973), p. 45. Onse awiri adatchulidwa mu Devon Bancroft, "The Chile Coup and the Failings of the US Media" (zolemba pamanja zosasindikizidwa zomwe zinapezedwa kuchokera kwa wolemba).

 

[22] David Stoll, wotchulidwa ndi kudzudzulidwa mu Greg Grandin ndi Francisco Goldman, "Zipatso Zowawa za Rigoberta," Nation (February 8, 1999).

 

[23] Malipoti angapo a masika a 2010 mu Washington Post, mwachitsanzo, atchulapo mfundo yakuti Honduras wakhala dziko lakufa kwambiri kwa atolankhani mpaka pano chaka chino, ndi osachepera asanu ndi awiri anaphedwa mu March ndi April; makalata pafupipafupi, maimelo, ndi mafoni kuchokera kwa omenyera mgwirizano kuti ombudsman@washpost.com poyankha kufalitsa koyipa chifukwa chiwembucho chingakhale chinachitapo kanthu. Onani, mwachitsanzo, Anne-Marie O'Connor, "Owulutsa Seveni aku Honduras Aphedwa kuyambira pa Marichi 1," Post, 24 April 2010, gawo. A, p. 7; AP, "Media Group: Atolankhani 17 Anaphedwa mu April," Post (mtundu wa intaneti), 28 April 2010. Malingana ndi Amnesty International, atolankhani asanu ndi awiri aphedwa kuyambira March ("Honduras Ikulephera Kuthana ndi Kuphwanya Ufulu Wachigawenga," UpsideDownWorld.org, 28 June 2010).

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