Ndikufuna kunena za thanzi labwino la anthu ku United States of America, chifukwa chake tilibe thanzi labwino tsopano kuposa momwe tiyenera kukhalira, momwe tinkakhalira athanzi, poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena, ndi zomwe tiyenera kuchita kuti tipezenso thanzi. udindo wathu wathanzi. Kuti tiganizire zifukwazo, tiyenera kuthana ndi nkhani zaumphawi chifukwa ndilo lingaliro lofunika kwambiri lomwe likugwirizana ndi thanzi. Ndilankhula zambiri za umphawi umodzi wovuta, umphawi wachibale, momwe mumafananizira ndi ena, komanso momwe zimakhudzira thanzi lathu. Ndikunena kuti kuposa kubweretsa pansi, tiyenera kutsitsa pamwamba. Ndipereka mankhwala azaumoyo.
Ndizovuta kunena za umphawi ku United States of America, chifukwa anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti ndi osauka. Nthawi zambiri tonse ndife apakati pano, sichoncho? Kukhala wosauka ndi kusankha koyipa kwa mawu oti mugwiritse ntchito chifukwa kumasala. Chifukwa chake ndithana ndi inu omwe muli mabanja ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso anthu opeza ndalama zochepa koma mwina mukuvutikirabe kupeza zofunika pamoyo.
Kuvomereza kuti ndinu osauka ku America kungatanthauze kuti mudzakhala wosauka kwamuyaya, makamaka m'dziko la American Dream, kutanthauza kuti tisanamwalire, tonse tidzapeza chuma, chisangalalo ndi chitukuko - kukhala ndi nyumba yathu, galimoto yaikulu ndi zizindikiro zina za kupambana. Zonse zimadalira ife, kuti tiyenera kudzikoka tokha ndi bootstraps athu, kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo tikhoza kukwaniritsa chirichonse chimene tikufuna. Kodi ndife oyenera kutero?
Ndizo zonse zomwe Bill Gates anachita. Kapena Magic Johnson. Kapena Oprah Winfrey. Sindikudziwa ngati izi ndi zoona, anthu ena anganene kuti Bill Gates anabadwira m'banja lamwayi kwambiri. Zowona zikuwonetsa kuti tili ndi umphawi wambiri ku USA masiku ano kuposa mayiko ena onse olemera. Zimenezo sizabwino.
Mโma 1950, bambo anga anakonza nsapato, ndipo tinkakhala pamwamba pa sitolo yokonzera nsapato mโkanyumba kakangโono. Tinalibe galimoto kwa nthawi yaitali. Tinkakhalanso mโdera la anthu ogwira ntchito, kumene aliyense anali wofanana kwambiri ndi mmene tinalili. Ngakhale tinali ndi TV pofika m'chaka cha 1953, mapulogalamu a nthawiyo anali ofunika kwambiri, ndipo sankawonetsa moyo wa anthu olemera ndi otchuka, kotero sitinazindikire kuti tinali ndi zochepa bwanji ndipo sitinapangidwe kukhala osowa.
Chifukwa chake sindimaganiza kuti ndili ndi zochepa kuposa anthu ena mpaka nditapita ku koleji ndikupanga mabwenzi ndi anthu omwe adapita ku Europe m'chilimwe. Amene anali ndi nyumba zatchuthi. Kenako ndinadziona ngati anthu ogwira ntchito kapena otsika. Mโchenicheni, ndimakumbukira bwino ndikukambitsirana ndi mnzanga mโsukulu yomaliza maphunziro pa Yunivesite ya Harvard mmene ndinadzifotokoza monga gulu la ogwira ntchito, kapena gulu lotsika. Anati, palibe njira yomwe mungafikire ku Harvard ndikukhala kalasi yogwira ntchito monga momwe zinalili m'ma 1960.
Nditamaliza sukulu, ndinakhala chaka chimodzi ku Nepal, dziko lalingโono lomwe lili mโmphepete mwa mapiri aatali kwambiri padziko lonse, kumene kuli phiri la Everest. Kumeneko kunalibe misewu panthawiyo, ndipo inali yocheperapo kotero kuti upite kwinakwake umayenera kuyenda. Panthaลตiyo kunalibe malo ogona kapena mahotela, chotero oyenda kumeneko oลตerengeka ankakhala mโnyumba za anthu, kudya chakudya, ndi kugona pansi pamoto pamoto, monga momwe mabanjawo anachitira pamodzi ndi ana ndi agogo. Anthuwa analibe chilichonse, komabe sankafuna kalikonse. Ndikudziwa tsopano chifukwa chake sanafune chilichonse. Panalibe kutsatsa kwazinthu zomwe ayenera kufuna. Ndinakhala chaka chathunthu popanda kutsatsa kwamtundu uliwonse. Zinali zondichitikira kwambiri. Choncho anthuwa anali ndi zofunikira, chakudya, madzi ndi pogona, komanso chikondi ndi chiyanjano cha banja lawo ndi dera lawo. Ndipo adagawana nane izi. Iwo ankaseka, kusewera, sankalola ana awo kulira ndipo ankawoneka osangalala, ndipo ndikudziwa kuti anali. Koma mungawatchule kuti ndi osauka kwambiri mukaona mmene zinthu zilili masiku ano.
Ena a inu munganene kuti ndimakonda momwe zinthu zilili, pofotokoza zankhanza zolemekezeka. Poyamba ndinkaganiza kuti mwina ndikulakwitsa, koma tsopano ndikukhulupirira kuti chimwemwe ndi chikhutiro sichinthu chimene mumagula.
Nanga bwanji umphawi ndi thanzi? Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito monga dokotala kwa zaka 30, zambiri za zaka zomwe ndinakhala m'zipinda zangozi, kuyesera kuyang'anira matenda a anthu omwe amadza msanga, ndinayamba kuchita chithandizo chadzidzidzi mu 1977 chifukwa ndimaganiza kuti chimenecho chinali chothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu.
Ndakhala ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'zipinda zangozi ku US kwa zaka 25 zotsatira. Nthawi zina ndimaganiza za mtundu wa anthu omwe ndimawawona mu ER, mtundu wa anthu omwe ali ndi ngozi, kapena matenda amtima, kapena makolo a ana odwala. Nthawi zambiri amawoneka kuti ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana, si anthu olemera, si olemera.
Tsopano nthawi yanga yambiri ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku ER ku Burien, White Center, Tacoma, ndi Lakewood, komanso pafupi ndi Central District ku Seattle. Kumeneko kuli anthu ambiri opeza ndalama zochepa, omwe akuvutika kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo. Koma ndinagwiranso ntchito ku Bellevue, pafupi ndi kumene munthu wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi amakhala, komanso nyumba ya anthu mabiliyoni ambiri, ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Ndi odwala otani omwe ndidawawona ku ER ku Bellevue? Kodi anali olemera? Nthawi zina, ndimaona munthu wina yemwe ndimaganiza kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, koma nthawi zambiri, olemera samabwera, ngakhale kuchipatala chapafupi ndi olemera. Munganene kuti pamene anali mโmalaya a chipatala, kapena atawamanga pa machira, zingakhale zovuta kudziwa ngati anali olemera kapena ayi. Koma ngakhale atavula maliseche, sizovuta kudziwa. Chifukwa chimodzi, anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa nthawi zambiri amacheza ndi anthu mosiyana. Nthawi zambiri samayang'anani maso ndi inu, koma yang'anani pansi. Ndipo akakuyangโana, maso awo akuonetsa moyo wovuta. Nthawi zina amakwiya ndi kuthamangira, akudabwa chifukwa chake adikirira kwa nthawi yayitali. Kwa ena, iwo amakonda kukhala onenepa kwambiri, nthawi zina ochulukirapo.
Amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu mosiyana tikamalankhula. Anganene kuti โDoc ndili ndi ululu woopsa mโmimba mwanga,โ mwachitsanzo, mโmalo monena kuti โDokotala, mโmimba mwanga simukumva bwino chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwina.โ Mutha kuganiza kuti ndikunena kuti anthu opeza ndalama zochepa ndi osayankhula, ndipo sanachite bwino mu Chingerezi kusukulu. Iwo ndithudi si opusa, ndipo amalankhula Chingerezi mosiyana ndi olemera, koma sikulakwa kuyankhula motero.
Ndinayamba kuganiza kuti mwina anthu osauka amadwala kwambiri kuposa olemera. Mutha kutsutsa izi ndikuti ayi, olemera ali ndi madotolo awoawo ndipo samapita ku ER koma kuyimbira madokotala nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku. Ndithudi zimenezo sizingakhale zowona pakati pausiku, kaya pachipatala chothandizira osauka kapena chotumikira olemera. Muyenera kubwera kuchipatala pamene appendix yanu ikuphulika pakati pa usiku, kaya ndinu olemera kapena osauka.
Mukuganiza chiyani? Kodi anthu olemera amadwala ngati anthu ogwira ntchito kapena opeza ndalama zochepa? Kwezani manja anu ngati mukuganiza choncho?
Kafukufuku wochulukirapo akuwonetsa kuti paumoyo uliwonse, pa matenda aliwonse, pazifukwa zilizonse zaimfa, omwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa amakhala ndi zoyipa kwambiri kuposa omwe ali ndi malipiro ochulukirapo. Mโmawu ena, ngati mumagwira ntchito kumene muyenera kuwona odwala, monga mโmadipatimenti angozi, mudzaona anthu osauka kwambiri, mosasamala kanthu kuti chipatala chanu chili mโdera lolemera, kapena losauka. Kuzindikira kuti, kuti anthu osauka anali ndi thanzi labwino, kunali vumbulutso lalikulu kwa ine. Tsopano sindikunena kuti anthu onse olemera amakhala ndi moyo wautali wathanzi ndipo anthu odzichepetsa amakhala ndi moyo waufupi. Tonse tikudziwa za zitsanzo zotsutsana nazo. Tsoka la Princess Diana limabwera m'maganizo. Koma monga mawu onena za kuchuluka kwa anthu, za madera, kulikonse komwe mungayang'ane, anthu osauka amakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Funso lotsatira lomwe ndinafunsa linali CHIFUKWA chake izi zinali choncho.
Ndiye nโchifukwa chiyani anthu amene amapeza ndalama zochepa amadwala kwambiri? Kodi ndichifukwa choti amasuta kwambiri, zomwe amazichita? Kodi ndi chifukwa chakuti amamwa kwambiri, zomwe angachite? Kodi ndichifukwa chakuti amawombera heroin ambiri, zomwe ziri zoona? Kodi ndi chifukwa chakuti amadya kwambiri, zomwe ziri zoona? Kodi ndichifukwa choti sachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, chifukwa samachita?
Chabwino, kafukufuku akuwonetsa, kuti machitidwe otero omwe timawaona kuti ndi oyipa pa thanzi amangofotokoza pafupifupi 10% ya chifukwa chomwe anthu osauka amakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Kuphunzira izi kwakhala vumbulutso kwa ine pazaka khumi zapitazi. Ndinkakonda kupeza madandaulo ku ER chifukwa cholimbikitsira anthu kuti asiye kusuta. Kwa wodwala matenda a m'mapapo amene akupitirizabe kufooka ndikukhalabe ndi chizoloลตezi cha mapaketi ake awiri patsiku, mabanja a wodwala amauza woyang'anira kuti chimene ndingachite ndi kumuuza kuti asiye. Kodi palibenso china chomwe mungachite, akuyesera kuti asiye koma sangathe. Mofanana ndi ambiri a ife, ndinkaimba mlandu anthu odwala chifukwa cha makhalidwe amene ankawadwalitsa. Koma sinditero tsopano, ndimadziimba mlandu chifukwa cholola kuti malamulo omwe amalamulira dera lathu asinthe kuti atulutse makhalidwe omwe ndi oipa kwa ife.
Kodi ndichifukwa choti anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa sangakwanitse kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala? Kodi ndi chifukwa chake amadwala kwambiri? Ndiko kuyesa kunena kuti ndicho chifukwa, koma sichoncho. Ndikudziwa kuti ena a inu pano mwina mulibe inshuwaransi yazaumoyo. Mwina ena a inu muli ndi ngongole zazikulu zachipatala zomwe mukuvutikira kulipira. Zaumoyo, kapena kusowa kwake, sikulongosola chifukwa chake anthu osauka amakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Taganizirani za anthu a ku Spain. Sapeza chithandizo chamankhwala kwambiri, amakonda kusakhala ndi inshuwaransi yachipatala, amakonda kusapita kwa dokotala. Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa izi ndipo zikuyimira chifukwa chodetsa nkhawa. Zomwe sizimanenedwa nthawi zambiri ndikuti anthu a ku Spain amakonda kukhala athanzi kuposa azungu omwe si a ku Spain. Ndipo sichifukwa chakuti samapita kukaonana ndi madokotala, ngakhale kuti limenelo ndi lingaliro loyesa. Monga lamulo, anthu ambiri a ku Hispanics sakhala bwino poyerekeza ndi azungu omwe si a ku Spain, ndiye pambuyo pake tidzakambirana chifukwa chake angakhale osiyana ndi anthu osauka omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Ndikuyembekeza kuti mukhale okayikira pa izi, koma ndikufuna kupitiriza ndi kuwona kuti ndi anthu omwe ali ndi njira zochepa omwe amadwala kwambiri, ndipo si makhalidwe awo monga kusuta kapena zakudya zomwe zimawadwalitsa, makamaka. Ndipo si mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena mtundu wa chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe anthu amalandila ndizomwe zimayambitsa kusiyana. Apanso, pali maphunziro ambiri ndi sayansi pa nkhaniyi, ndipo ndikukupemphani kuti muyimitse kusakhulupirira kwanu kuti ndipitirize.
Mwachilengedwe chake, chithandizo chamankhwala sichingakhale ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi thanzi. Kuti ndiganizire chifukwa chake, ndimapanga fanizo kuti ntchito yachipatala ndi yofanana ndi ya gulu lachipatala kuti tikhale athanzi. Mwakhala mukuwerenga za asitikali onsewa omwe akubwera kunyumba kuchokera ku Iraq ataphulitsidwa miyendo, kapena kuvulala kwina koopsa. Makanema athu adaletsedwa kuwonetsa mabokosi ankhondo athu akubwera kunyumba, koma pakhala anthu ambiri omwalira, monga mukudziwa. Tsopano gulu lachipatala la asilikali limalowa pambuyo pa kuphulika ndi kunyamula ozunzidwa, kulumikiza miyendo, kuyamba IV, kuwatengera kumene angapeze magazi, ndiyeno kupita kuchipatala chachipatala kumene mabowo a zipolopolo amatsekedwa. Kumeneko ngwazi zimachitidwa ndipo mwachiyembekezo kuti asilikali omenyedwawo apulumuka. Tikamachita zimenezi timakhala oyamikira. Koma ovulala ambiri, omwe amafa, amaphedwa ndi kuphulika, ndi chipolopolo kapena bomba. Asilikali ankhondo sangawachitire kalikonse. Asilikali azachipatala sanasankhe kuti tiwukire Iraq, sanasankhe njira zankhondo, kuti tiphulitse zida zankhondo kuphatikiza anthu wamba, kuchokera mlengalenga, kuti pambuyo pake tidzatumiza ankhondo apansi. Sanasankhe zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku zankhondo. Sanasankhe zida zodzitetezera zomwe asilikali angavale. Zomwe amachita ndikulowa ndikunyamula zidutswa, anthu amwayi omwe akadali ndi zizindikiro za moyo. Zimenezo ndiye zabwino koposa zimene chithandizo chamankhwala chingachite, yesetsani kusunga opulumukawo amoyo. Chifukwa chake, mwachilengedwe chake, chithandizo chamankhwala sichingakhale ndi zotsatira zambiri pa thanzi, ngakhale mumakhulupirira. M'maphunziro anga ku yunivesite ya Washington, ndimapita mwatsatanetsatane za izi, ndipo monga dokotala wochita bwino, ndimakhulupirira kuti izi ndi zoona. Anzanga, omwe alingalirapo za zomwe chithandizo chamankhwala chimachita kuti madera azikhala athanzi, amavomereza, monga momwe amachitira akatswiri omwe amalemba mapepala ndi mabuku pankhaniyi. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti sindimakhulupirira zachipatala. Ndimagwira ntchito ngati dokotala wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala, ndipo ndimaphunzitsanso madokotala achichepere. Ndipo ndikadwala ndimaonana ndi dokotala. Ndipo ndikagwa pano pampando, ndikufuna muyimbire 911. Koma tisadzinyenge kuti izi ndi zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala athanzi ngati anthu. Ndikukhulupirira mukuganiza kuti izi zikuwoneka ngati zodabwitsa, zotsutsana ngati mungafune.
Ndikuyembekeza kuti mukhala okayikira pa izi, koma ndikufuna kupitiriza ndikuwona kuti ndi anthu osauka omwe amadwala kwambiri, ndipo si makhalidwe awo monga kusuta kapena zakudya zomwe zimawadwalitsa, makamaka kapena ayi. ndi kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mukufunsa chifukwa chake anthu osauka ali ndi thanzi labwino. Ndilo funso loyenera kuliganizira. Thomas Pynchon analemba mu Gravityโs Rainbow kuti: โNgati angakufunseni funso lolakwika, mayankho ake alibe kanthu.โ Ndikuganiza kuti tikufunsa mafunso ambiri olakwika ku America lero. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi momwe ubale wathu ndi wina ndi mzake, chikhalidwe chathu, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ngati mungafune. Tiyeni tifufuze izo.
Ganizirani za thanzi monga chisonyezero cha zochitika pamoyo wathu. Tonse timadziwa momwe kupsinjika maganizo kumakhudzira malingaliro athu ndi matupi athu, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi komanso mphamvu zathu zolimbana ndi matenda. Chifukwa chimene anthu osauka ali ndi thanzi losauka chikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe choyambirira cha moyo ndi umphawi, makamaka zomwe mukukhala pakati pa zachulukidwe ndi zomwe zili ndi nkhope yanu. Izi nโzimene kukhala banja lokhala ndi ndalama zochepa kumatanthauza.
Ndikadati ndikufunseni mchipinda chino, ndi angati ainu amadziona kuti ndinu osauka, ndikuganiza kuti ndi manja ochepa omwe angakweze mmwamba, kuposa nditakufunsani ngati ndinu apakati. Kodi zonsezi ndi chiyani? Ngati muvomereza kuti ndinu wosauka, mukudzichititsa manyazi, ndipo kuchita manyazi ndikofunika kwambiri pamalingaliro aumunthu pankhani yomvetsetsa mbali yofunika ya thanzi. Tsopano anthu ambiri omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, ambiri ovutika, sangavomereze kuchita manyazi, koma amamva manyazi mkati mwake. Kodi nzomveka kuti malingaliro ameneลตa angakhale ndi chiyambukiro champhamvu pa thanzi lathu lakuthupi, limodzinso ndi maganizo?
Ndiye kukhala wosauka kumatanthauza chiyani? Kodi umphawi ndi chiyani, kapena kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa ku USA? Kapena ku Seattle? Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kusiya osowa pokhala. Pali ana opitilira miliyoni miliyoni opanda pokhala ku USA, dziko lolemera kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kwambiri m'mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. Sindikudziwa kuti ndi angati osowa pokhala ku US, koma ndawonapo ziwerengero zikugwira mawu 1.5 miliyoni ku California kokha. Mu 2001 One Night Count inawerengera anthu 7,350 omwe alibe pokhala ku King County. Ndingayerekeze kuti chiwerengero cha dziko lonselo chili pakati pa 10 ndi 20 miliyoni, ndipo chikhoza kukhala chokwera kwambiri. Kwa inu achikulire ngati ine, mukaganizira zaka 25 zapitazo ndi kuganizira ngati munaonapo anthu opanda pokhala, mwina mungaone kuti simunawaone. Ndipo maphunziro amasonyezanso kuti. Osati kuti kunalibe panthawiyo, koma mutha kuwona imodzi mu sabata kapena mwezi m'malo mwa mphindi zingapo zilizonse m'malo ena. . Chifukwa cha osowa pokhala ndi chakuti Ronald Reagan adadula ndalama zogulira nyumba zotsika mtengo mu 1981, ndipo pambuyo pake, iwo anali m'misewu. Koma ndinanena kuti sindidzalowa mu umphawi pakati pa osowa pokhala ndipo ndisiya pano.
Ndiye bwanji za osauka, anthu amene pafupifupi alibe pokhala, pakuti ndi mmene zinthu zilili. Anthu awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malipiro amodzi asanathamangitsidwe. Ku Washington, wogwira ntchito yemwe amalandila malipiro ochepera (7.01 pa ola) ayenera kugwira ntchito maola 86 pa sabata kuti athe kupeza chipinda chogona pawiri ku Fair Market Rent. mulibe chakudya chokwanira? Denga pamwamba pa mutu wanu? Kutentha kwapakati? Kodi ndi chifukwa mulibe microwave, kapena firiji? Kodi ndi chifukwa mulibe TV ndi VCR? Ndi chifukwa mulibe foni yam'manja? Ayi, anthu ambiri omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa ali ndi zinthu zonsezi, satsala pang'ono kuthamangitsidwa, komabe amaona kuti ndi osowa. Zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, olemera analibe mavuni a ma microwave, kapena ma VCR kapena mafoni am'manja. Koma tsopano mabanja ambiri osapeza ndalama zambiri ali nawo. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukhala osapeza bwino sikutanthauza kusakhala ndi zinthu monga mafoni am'manja ndi ma VCR zomwe zikadawoneka ngati zida zopeka za sayansi zaka makumi asanu zapitazo. Kukhala wosapeza bwino ndikumva kuti mulibe zosankha zomwe olemera kwambiri amachita. Sizinthu zomwe muli nazo. Ndinanena kuti anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa ndi onenepa kwambiri, choncho amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira. Anthu okhala m'nyumba zothandizidwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri. Komabe amadziona ngati osafunika, ndipo monga momwe zaka zambiri zanga mโmadipatimenti angozi zinasonyezera, ndi amene amadwala. Ndipo chotero mโlingaliro lozama kwambiri, anthu ameneลตa ali osoลตa mโnjira yofunika koposa, ndiko kuti sakhala ndi moyo wautali kapena wathanzi monga momwe amachitira olemera.
Nditengereni pamenepa. Ine sindine wosauka tsopano. Monga ndanenera, ndinakulira mโdera la anthu ogwira ntchito, ndipo bambo anga ankakonza nsapato. Tinkakhala pamwamba pa sitolo yake ya nsapato. Ndinafotokoza mmene sindinkamvera chisoni mpaka nditachoka mโdera lathu nโkukhala mโgulu la anthu amene anali ndi zinthu zambiri kuposa ine ndipo anali ndi zisankho zazikulu kuposa zimene ndinkachita. Kenako ndinayamba kusauka. Mโmawu ena, ndinayamba kudziona kuti ndine wosauka nditayamba kudziyerekezera ndi anthu ena. Pofika pano, ndakuwuzani za kalasi, ndikumenya nkhondo zamagulu monga momwe andale ena anganene. Tiyenera kukhala oona mtima, izi ndi zomwe zili lero. Ndi nkhondo yamagulu. Pakali pano pali nkhondo ndipo olemera ndi amene akuukira wina aliyense. Ndipotu nkhondo imeneyi yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zikwi khumi zapitazi. Nkhondo Yamagulu ndiyoipitsitsa zaka zingapo zapitazi ngakhale atsogoleri athu angakane kuti ilipo. Zida zankhondo zamagulu ndi zoponya zophiphiritsira, zojambulidwa kudzera muzofalitsa zathu - TV, makanema, magazini, ndi intaneti. Ndipo imayamba ali wamng'ono kwambiri. Kodi zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti zomwe ana athu amakumana nazo sizinthu zogonana zomwe amuna onyansa ngati ine angakonde kuyang'ana, koma mawebusaiti a Nike, kapena ma intaneti a nyenyezi. Masamba a Nike amawonetsa nsapato zawo ndi nyenyezi zomwe amakhala. Izi ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti olemera akupambana nkhondo zamagulu. Chizindikiro china ndi chakuti anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa amatcha ana awo obadwa kumene Gucci ndi Armani ndi zithunzi zina zopezeka pa zilembo za opanga. Mu ER's ndikuwona anthu omwe adawukiridwa ndikubedwa, ndipo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe wachifwamba adathawa chinali matenti awo atsopano a Nike.
Mfundo yaikulu ya nkhondo ya mโmagulu nโnjakuti olemera amakupangitsani kudziyerekezera ndi anthu ena amene mumawaona kuti ndi abwino kuposa inuyo. Chimenecho ndicho chida chawo, mzinga wawo wonyezimira. NGATI ndinu wolemera, sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi zinthu zambiri. Zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kukhala nazo ngati mukuzifuna. Mutha kuchita zomwe mukufuna. Mnzanga Raymond, yemwe adapeza ndalama zambiri, adanena kuti amasamalira mavuto ake ndi cheke. Akakumana ndi vuto ankapeza munthu woti azimusamalira nโkumulembera cheke. Ambiri a ife sitingachite zimenezo.
Madera athu masiku ano ali ngati anyani ankhondo ku Africa, mwachitsanzo. Pali alpha yamphongo, kapena galu wapamwamba, ndipo pali ena omwe ali mu dongosolo lojowina pansi pa alpha wamwamuna. Yamphongo ya alpha imapeza chakudya chabwino kwambiri, ndi kusankha yaikazi kuti ikwere nayo. Amuna a beta ndi a gamma ali ndi moyo wosiyana kwambiri. Otsika amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse kuti mwamuna wa alpha atenge zakudya zabwino zomwe apeza, kapena kuwathamangitsa kwa mkazi yemwe akufuna kukwatira. Miyoyo yawo imakhala yopanikizika nthawi zonse. Tikudziwa kuti mwamuna wa alpha ndi wathanzi kuposa amuna a beta ndi gamma, ma alphas ali ndi physiology yosiyana, kuyankha kupsinjika kosiyana, kusiyana ndi anyani omwe amatsikira pansi. Anyani a gamma, anyani otsikirapo amakhala opanda thanzi kuposa omwe ali pamwamba. Kafukufuku wa anthu akuwonetsa zomwezo, kuti anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa amakhala ndi mayankho opsinjika ngati anyani otsika.
Chifukwa chake ndi anyani kapena anthu, kukhala otsika pamakwerero amatanthawuza kuti mumavutika kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwakanthawi. Izi zimabweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kulephera kuwongolera shuga m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga achikulire, omwe tikuwona mwa ana ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'ono pomwe akupsinjika kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala m'chiuno ndi m'chiuno. Izi zimapangitsa kuti plaque ikhale yowonjezereka m'mitsempha yamtima yomwe imapereka mtima ndipo motero timakhala ndi matenda a mtima ambiri mwa anthu osauka. Otsika omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zolimbana ndi matenda chifukwa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi sichigwira ntchito bwino. Sangathe kufufuza ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa.
Chifukwa chake kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa ku America ndikudziwa kuti simuli mumgwirizano womwewo ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba mdera lathu. Nthawi zambiri simumachita bwino kusukulu. Mwinamwake mwakulira mโbanja limene amayi anu ayenera kugwira ntchito zingapo kuti apeze zofunika pa moyo. Mwina simukudziwa kuti bambo anu ndi ndani. Simudzakhala ndi galimoto yapamwamba, kapena zovala zolembera, ndipo simudzapita ku France kumapeto kwa sabata. Kapenanso, mudzakhala ndi nsapato za Nike, ndipo muzigwiritsa ntchito pazithunzithunzizo, ndipo simungathe kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Mumakonda kudya m'malo ogulitsa zakudya mwachangu, ndikugula m'masitolo osavuta. Ngati muli ndi galimoto, mumalipira ndalama zambiri pogula mafuta, pokhapokha mutapita kumalo okwerera mafuta otsika mtengo, omwe nthawi zambiri sakhala mโmadera osauka a tauniyo. Ngati mulibe galimoto, mudzakhala mutakwera sitima yamanyazi, kapena basi. Ndipo simudzamva wotetezeka kwambiri mukuyenda mumsewu.
Zimayamba kalekale pamene munali chonyezimira mโmaso mwa makolo anu. Izi ndi zotsatira za kalasi ndi udindo komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu zinayamba kukhudza thupi la kholo lanu ndipo motero biology yanu imakhudza thanzi lanu. Nthawi yofunika kwambiri ndi kuyambira pa kubadwa mpaka zaka 2.
Mwinamwake muli ndi ntchito, yogwira ntchito yofunika kuchitidwa. Mukuchita bwino. Ntchito zimene ena angaone ngati zonyozeka, monga kugwira ntchito monga woyangโanira nyumba pambuyo pa maola akuluakulu pamene mabwanamkubwa amapita kwawo. Kapena mungagwire ntchito ya unamwino wothandizira kunyumba yosungirako okalamba. Kapena mutha kugwira ntchito kumalo ogulitsira, kapena kukhala ma burgers. Mutha kupeza kuti mukuletsa mkwiyo wanu pamene abwana akudutsa. Koma ngati muli wabwino mokwanira, mutha kupeza mphatso ya Khrisimasi kumapeto kwa chaka. Ngakhale mutakhala wabwino mokwanira, mutha kuchotsedwa ntchito pakugwa kwachuma kotsatira. Mwachidziwikire, mudzakhala ndi ntchito ziwiri kapena zitatu, zonse zanthawi yochepa, popanda chitetezo kapena zopindulitsa. Alan Greenspan, tcheyamani wa Federal Reserve Bank, ananena kuti chuma chikukwera mโzaka za mโma 1990 chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito. Mwachidule, ogwira ntchito ankagwira ntchito zochepa kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchotsedwa ntchito akafuna. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mukuvomera kuti ndi bwino kuti chuma chikhale chosinthika ngati chimenecho, koma sizabwino kwa inu kapena thanzi lanu kukhala osatetezeka.
Chinthu chimodzi chimene chachitika mโzaka 30 zapitazi nโchakuti anthu ambiri sakuchita bwino ku America. Sikuti osowa pokhala ali m'gulu la anthu, koma umphawi, mosasamala kanthu za momwe mungayesere, wakula kwambiri panthawiyi ya chitukuko chodabwitsa ku America. Izi sizowona ku America kokha, koma padziko lonse lapansi monga ndikutsimikiza kuti mukudziwa. Pali anthu ambiri osauka, lonjezo la m'Baibulo ndi loona "osauka mudzakhala nawo pamodzi ndi inu nthawi zonse" kokha likhoza kunena kuti osauka adzakhala ndi inu nthawi zonse. Izi mu nthawi ya chuma chodabwitsa.
Kotero mfundo yanga yaikulu ndi yakuti chikhalidwe cha umphawi, chikhalidwe cha kusalingana chomwe chimatizungulira ndi chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri thanzi lathu. Ndiroleni ine ndifotokoze lingaliro ili pang'ono. Iwo omwe ali pamagulu aliwonse a anthu kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi adzakhala ndi thanzi labwino potengera momwe alili m'makwerero a chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mukasauka kwambiri m'pamenenso muli ndi thanzi labwino poyerekezera ndi ena.
Mwachidule, madera omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa omwe ali pamwamba ndi omwe ali pansi adzakhala opanda thanzi kusiyana ndi omwe ali ndi kusiyana kochepa. Kuti timvetse zimenezi, tiyeni tione thanzi la United States of America, poyesedwa ndi zaka zimene munthu amakhala ndi moyo mโdzikoli, tinene kuti, avereji ya zaka zimene anakhalapo mโdzikoli. Zaka makumi asanu ndi zisanu zapitazo, tinali amodzi mwa mayiko athanzi kwambiri padziko lapansi motere. Masiku ano, pali mayiko pafupifupi 25 omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa ifeyo. Tangoganizani, maiko ena onse olemera ali athanzi kuposa ife, ndiponso angapo osauka nawonso. Si muyeso umodzi wokha wa thanzi-utali wa moyo- momwe timachita bwino, koma mumiyeso ina iliyonse, tikamadziyika tokha ndi mayiko ena. Tikukhala ndi moyo wautali koma osati nthawi yayitali ngati anthu a mโmaiko ena 25, onse ndi osauka kuposa ife. Mwachitsanzo, tili ndi chiลตerengero chapamwamba cha imfa za makanda, chiลตerengero chapamwamba cha umphaลตi wa ana, chiลตerengero cha mimba chapakati pa achinyamata, chiลตerengero chapamwamba cha imfa za nkhanza za ana, ndi zina zotero. Palibe zisonyezo zomwe timachita bwino, kupatula kuwononga ndalama pazaumoyo, chifukwa timawononga theka la ndalama zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi. Taganizirani izi - pa dola iliyonse padziko lapansi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaumoyo, masenti 50 amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Komabe nzika zathu zili ndi thanzi lochepa poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena onse olemera. Ndipo kunena za kuchepa kwa thanzi, sindikutanthauza nthawi yomwe tikukhala, koma ndi zizindikiro zina zambiri za thanzi, monga chiwerengero cha mimba za achinyamata, monga kupha anthu, kapena kutsekeredwa m'ndende. Zowonadi, timasunga gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a akaidi padziko lonse lapansi ku America, zomwe zikunena chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza momwe timachitira ndi umbanda waung'ono mdziko muno.
Kodi chachitika nโchiyani chachititsa tsoka lalikulu limeneli? Mwachidule, ndichifukwa tasintha malamulo mdziko muno oti ndani alandire gawo la chitumbuwacho. Zaka makumi asanu zapitazo, anali mabanja osauka kwambiri omwe adapeza phindu lalikulu la ndalama. Tsopano, monga inu nonse mukudziwira, ndi olemera ndi olemera okha omwe akuwona phindu la ndalama, pamene tonsefe tiyenera kumangitsa malamba. Izi sizingawoneke bwino pofotokoza chifukwa chake tili ndi thanzi labwino, lanu ndi langa. Komabe, ndizowona, ndichifukwa chakuti tasintha malamulo m'deralo ndikupanga anthu osauka ambiri ndipo chifukwa chake thanzi lanu ndi thanzi langa silili bwino monga momwe lingakhalire.
Kusankhana mitundu ndi njira ina yomwe kusiyanako kumagwirira ntchito kuti apange thanzi labwino. Kusankhana mitundu kumakhudza kusiyana ndi mphamvu. Ochepa nthawi zonse akhala akunyozedwa, ndipo amamva manyazi, ngakhale sakuganiza za izo. Olemera amafuna kupitirizabe kunyoza anthu, koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira zobisika. Ngati mungathe kuwatsitsa anthu, ngati mungathe kuwachititsa mantha, ngati mungathe kuwapangitsa kufuna zinthu, ndiye kuti muli ndi mphamvu pa iwo. Mwamuna wina wachiafirika wa ku America ku Harlem amakhala kwa nthaลตi yaitali kuposa mwamuna wina wa ku Bangladesh, limodzi mwa mayiko osauka kwambiri padziko lonse. Kapena kuti munthu wakuda ku Washington, DC amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa munthu wa ku Ghana, dziko la West Africa.
Azimayi amakonda kukhala athanzi komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa amuna. Komanso, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti komwe amayi amatenga gawo lalikulu pazandale zamadera, amakhala athanzi. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi momwe thanzi la abambo limakhalira bwino m'mikhalidwe yotere kuposa momwe amayi amapindulira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ife tonse timachita bwino kumene akazi amachita bwino, ndipo ine ndikutsimikiza ambiri a inu pano mukudziwa zimenezo.
Ndikofunikira kuzindikira momwe thanzi lathu lachibale ndi maiko ena lanyonyotsoka mโzaka 55 zapitazi. Talingalirani kuti tikapambana nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda amtima, mliri womwe ungaphe pafupifupi theka la ife m'chipinda chino, tikadapanda kufa chifukwa cha matenda amtima, sitikanakhalabe dziko lathanzi padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo komabe zaka 55 zapitazo, tinali athanzi kwambiri. Kusiyana kwake tsopano kuli kwakuti tikukhala mโmikhalidwe yodetsa nkhaลตa kwambiri, kupsinjika maganizo kochititsidwa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa olemera ndi enafe. Ndipo tikapita kukagula ku GAP, sitolo yophiphiritsira, sitizindikira kuti ili ndiye vuto lalikulu ku America.
Zimakhala bwanji kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa anthu osagwirizana. Ganizirani zinthu ziwiri zonyanyira: anthu ogwirizana pomwe aliyense ndi wofanana, komanso wotsogola kwambiri pomwe pali olemera kwambiri komanso enafe, ngati USA. Kodi moyo umakhala wotani mโchitaganya chofanana? Ndi maubwenzi ndi malingaliro omwe alipo. Kodi iwo sangakhale aubwenzi, chithandizo, kukhulupirirana, chisamaliro, kuthandiza, kugawana, ndi dera? Kodi mawu amenewo sakumveka bwino? Bwanji ponena za gulu lina loipitsitsa, la anthu otsogola kwambiri? Kodi mโgulu la anthu amenewa muli bwanji? Chabwino, iwo omwe ali pamwamba ndi chuma ali ndi mphamvu ndipo amatha kulamulira, kukakamiza ndi kukakamiza omwe ali pansi pawo kuti achite zinthu. Enafe timasiya ntchito yathu ndi udindo wathu, koma timanyazitsidwa ndi manyazi. Manyazi ndi chidwi kwambiri pa ntchito. Palibe mwa malingaliro awa monga manyazi kapena maubale a mphamvu ndi ulamuliro zomwe zimamveka zathanzi, sichoncho? Koma m'mayiko monga USA, izi ndi njira zomwe zimagwira ntchito, ngakhale tikuganiza kuti tonse ndife apakati pali kusiyana komwe kukukulirakulira pakati pa olemera ndi osauka kuno. Pagulu lomwe lili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, omwe ali pamwambawa amalemba pansipa, ndipo izi zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwawa zomwe zikuchitika mdera lanu ndipo zimathandizira kufotokoza chifukwa chake timaphana kwambiri. Costa Rica ndi chitsanzo cha dziko lapafupi lomwe liri lofanana kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale kuti ndilosauka kwambiri kuposa US, liri lathanzi kuposa ife. Canada ndi chitsanzo china, oyandikana nawo kumpoto, omwe ali athanzi kwambiri kuposa USA. Chitsanzo chomaliza ndi Cuba, dziko lomwe takhala tikulimbana nalo kwa zaka 44 ndi zilango zamalonda ndi ziletso. Cuba ndi yathanzi monga ife, ngakhale, kapena mwina chifukwa cha ndondomeko zathu.
Lingalirani za dziko lathanzi kwambiri padziko lonse, Japan. Zaka 1978 zapitazo pamene tinali mโgulu la mayiko athanzi kwambiri padziko lonse, nkhondo yachiลตiri ya padziko lonse itangotha โโkumene, dziko la Japan linali la thanzi lochepa poyerekeza ndi maiko ena monga mmene tilili lerolino. Komabe USA idapereka mankhwala omwe amafunikira kuti ikhale dziko lathanzi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pofika 1945. Mankhwalawa adaperekedwa ndi dokotala wamkulu wa zaumoyo yemwe adakhalako, General Douglas MacArthur. Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa panthawi yomwe tinkalamulira dzikolo kuyambira 1950 mpaka 3 anali ndi zinthu zitatu ndipo ndikambirananso pano. Choyamba chinali kuchotsa asilikali. Japan inaletsedwa kukhala ndi asilikali. Chinthu chachiwiri chinali demokalase, monga momwe MacArthur adalembera malamulo a dziko, kupereka demokalase yoyimilira, maphunziro aulere apadziko lonse, ufulu wa mabungwe ogwira ntchito kuti akonzekere ndikuchita nawo mgwirizano wamagulu, ndi ufulu wa aliyense wokhala ndi moyo wabwino. D yachitatu inali decentralization, pamene MacArthur anathyola banja zaibatsu 11 omwe ankayendetsa mabungwe akuluakulu omwe ankalamulira dziko. Adakhazikitsa lamulo loti dziko lipereke malipiro apamwamba omwe amafanana ndi $4333 m'madola aku US. Anachitanso ntchito yopambana kwambiri yokonzanso nthaka mโmbiri yonse. Zomwe izi zidachita ndikutsitsa utsogoleri wazachuma, ndikuwongolera gawo. Zotsatira zake, kukwera kwa thanzi ndikufulumira kwambiri komwe sikunachitikepo padziko lapansi.
Japan ikupereka zinthu zina zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu. Amuna a ku Japan amasuta kwambiri kuposa mayiko onse olemera. Komabe iwo ndi anthu athanzi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zikuwoneka kuti mutha kusuta ku Japan ndikuthawa. Sikuti kusuta nโkwabwino kwa inu, koma poyerekezera ndi zinthu zina, sikuli koipa. Kusuta ndikoyipa kwambiri kwa inu ku US kuposa momwe kulili kwa Japan ku Japan, komwe kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Choncho ndimauza anthu kuti ngati akufuna kusuta ayenera kubadwira ku Japan. Mofananamo, si chisamaliro chaumoyo ku Japan chomwe chimapangitsa thanzi lake kukhala labwino. Aliyense amene wayang'ana pa dongosolo lawo adzakuuzani kuti si zambiri kulemba kunyumba. Ndinalankhulapo kale za zilembo za okonza mapulani, ndipo ngati mungafufuze, mudzapeza kuti aliyense ku Japan amagula mโmasitolo opangidwa ndi anthu opanga zinthu nโkumagula zithunzi za Gucci. Ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri, aliyense amavala. Ku USA, aliyense amawafuna, ndipo ndiko kusiyana kwake. Japan ndi gulu losamala komanso logawana lomwe limasamalira aliyense komanso lomwe limafunikira thanzi lanu.
Ndiroleni ndipereke lingaliro langa tsopano chifukwa chake Hispanics ali ndi thanzi labwino ku USA kuposa azungu omwe si a Puerto Rico. Zimakhudzana ndi chithandizo chomwe amapereka kwa wina ndi mzake ndi moyo wawo wabanja wolimba umene umalimbana ndi zotsatira zoipa za kusiyana ndi umphawi wawo. Zalembedwa zambiri ponena za chotchedwa Hispanic Paradox. Ndinayamba kumvetsetsa zifukwazo poganizira odwala a ku Spain omwe ndimawawona mu ER. Sindinawonepo wodwala m'modzi wa ku Spain. Nthawi zonse pamakhala gulu la anthu lomwe lidasonkhana pamodzi. Ndiyenera kupita kukafufuza yemwe ali wodwala, pakuti aliyense amabwera kudzapereka chithandizo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nthawi zambiri ndimaona mzungu atagona akumva ululu yekha. Kotero ife tikhoza kunena kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha maubwenzi a maganizo, chithandizo chomwe anthu ali nacho ndi kupereka pakati pa anthu, omwe ali ndi udindo wa thanzi lawo monga midzi, kuposa china chilichonse.
Ndiye chachitika ndi chiyani ku America kuti thanzi lathu lizichepa? Tasintha malamulo ku America omwe amasankha yemwe atenge gawo la chitumbuwacho. Momwe timasankhira komwe tingawononge ndalama zamisonkho, momwe tingasankhire yemwe tikhome msonkho komanso kuchuluka kwake, momwe timasankhira ndalama zoyambira kafukufuku ndi chitukuko. Momwe timasankhira kupereka chithandizo kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zadera lathu. Mโmalo moyesa kuti malamulowo aziyenda bwino, tasankha kuti anthu olemera akhale ndi zinthu zambiri zimene angathe, ndipo tidzakhala osangalala kugawana nyenyeswazo. Ndikunena kuti tidzakhala okondwa, chifukwa ngati mutafunsa anthu ambiri aku America ngati akuwona kuti olemera ayenera kupeza zochuluka monga momwe amachitira, mudzapeza yankho ngati: "Zowonadi olemera amayenera chifukwa amagwira ntchito mwakhama. , ndipo ndi abwino kuposa ifeyoโ kapena china chonga โinde ndimakonda kukhala ndi mpata waukulu pakati pa olemera ndi osauka, chifukwa tsiku lina ndidzaliyesa chuma ndipo ndikufuna kukhala nacho chonse pamenepo.โ
Tanyengedwa kuti tikhulupirire za American Dream, nthano za chuma chambiri, nkhani za Horatio Algier, kumene ngati titagwira ntchito molimbika mokwanira tikhoza kupeza chilichonse chomwe tikufuna. The American Dream, amayi ndi abambo, ndizovuta kwambiri. Pakati pa mayiko onse ophunziridwa, tili ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha anthu omwe amachipanga, m'lingaliro la kuchoka ku nsanza kupita ku chuma, kaya m'badwo umodzi kapena iwiri. Izi ndi zomwe akatswiri azachuma omwe adachita kafukufukuyu.
Ndipo mtengo womwe timalipira chifukwa chokhulupirira American Dream ndi, ndikunena, mtengo womaliza. Kunena zoona, iwe ndi ine timamwalira achichepere kuposa momwe timafunikira, achichepere kwambiri kotero kuti ndizofanana ndi kupambana pankhondo yolimbana ndi matenda amtima. Purezidenti wathu, amalankhula za msonkho wanyumba ngati msonkho wa imfa, ndipo uyenera kutchedwa Death Averting Tax, chifukwa umathandizira kuchepetsa kusiyana pang'ono ndikupewa kufa. Pamene amasaina misonkho yowonjezereka kwa olemera kukhala malamulo, ayenera kukhala oona mtima ndikukuuzani kuti uwu ndi mtengo wochepa woti ulipire kukhala m'dziko lolemera kwambiri ndi lamphamvu kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko, ndilokuti umakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso umafa wamng'ono kwambiri. mukuyenera ku. Koma olemera amayamikira, mpaka kufika kubanki. Chimene ngakhale iwo sadziwa n'chakuti ngakhale iwo amamwalira aang'ono kuposa momwe amafunikira pokhala m'dziko lino.
Ndiye ngati tifunsa funso loyenera pakadali pano, zitha kukhala kuti "chidachitika ndi chiyani, zidatheka bwanji kuti zinthu zifike pamenepa?" Nkhani yathu inayamba kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Inali nthawi yovuta kwa dziko lapansi, komanso kwa anthu aku America. Tinataya miyoyo yambiri pa nkhondo imeneyo, ndipo anthu ambiri anavutika popanda kufa chifukwa chomenya nawo nkhondo. Choncho anthu ankaona kuti ayenera kusamalidwa. Okalamba mwa inu angakumbukire ngongole za GI, ngongole zanyumba, ngongole zamaphunziro zomwe zimalola ma vets kupita kusukulu. Misonkho yathu inali yosiyana kwambiri panthawiyo. Poyerekeza ndi masiku ano, olemera amalipira 90% pazopeza zawo zapamwamba m'malo mozungulira 35% lero. Misonkho pamagulu omwe amapeza pansi yatsala pafupifupi 25% panthawi yonseyi. Choncho olemera atenga molingana ndi nyumba zawo, kuposa enafe. Ndipo kusiyana kumakula.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, mabizinesi athu ndi mafakitale adachita bwino kwambiri, ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, ndikugwira ntchito yomanganso Europe. Iwo ankapeza phindu lalikulu pa ndalama zomwe amapeza. Iwo anasangalala. Koma chakumapeto kwa zaka za mโma 1960 ndi mโma 1970, phindu lawo linachepa chifukwa cha mpikisano wochokera ku Japan ndi maiko ena a Kumโmaลตa kwa Asia amene anayamba mwakhama kwambiri panthawiyo. Mu 1940, mabungwe adalipira 40% ya msonkho wa federal. Koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa phindu, iwo adatha kufuna misonkho yotsika, monga momwe olemera adachitira, motero pofika 1960 adalipira 26% ya msonkho wa federal. Koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa phindu, iwo ankafuna ndalama zambiri za boma, motero pofika 1990 anali kulipira 13% ya msonkho wa boma. Anasangalalanso ndi thandizo lalikulu la boma, mwa kuyankhula kwina misonkho yomwe timalipira inkalowa m'nkhokwe zawo m'njira zambiri zomwe mwina mumazidziwa pano. Zoonadi olemera ndi amphamvu angofuna chinthu chimodzi kupyolera mu mbiriyakale, ndipo ndicho chirichonse. Chifukwa chake pofika chaka cha 2002, chaka chatha, mabungwe adalipira 7% yokha ya msonkho wa federal. Monga Greg Palast amanenera, tili ndi ndalama zabwino kwambiri zademokalase zomwe tingagule, motero mabungwe olemerawa amadzigulira okha misonkho ndi thandizo lalikulu la boma popereka ndalama zomwe zimatchedwa demokalase.
Njira ina yowonera izi ndi ndalama zomwe timalipira ma CEO athu - atsogoleri amakampani athu. Mu 1980, tinawapatsa ndalama zowirikiza 40 kuposa zimene munthu wolowa mโsukulu ankapereka. Pofika m'chaka cha 1999, anali kulipidwa nthawi 478 kuposa momwe wogwira ntchito yolowera, ndipo mu 2001, makampani a Fortune 100, a CEO adapanga chikwi chimodzi kuposa momwe wogwira ntchito yolowera. Tikafunsa kuti malipiro apamwamba kwambiri ku US ndi otani, ndi pafupifupi $ 150,000 pa ola, ndipo munthuyu adalandira malipiro a $ 10,000 pa ola chaka chatha, pamene kampani yake idachita bwino ndipo mtengo wamtengo wapatali unatsika 67%. Monga tikunenera ku America, ntchito yabwino ngati mutayipeza, ndipo mutha kuipeza ngati mutayesa. Tsopano ku Canada, oyandikana nawo athanzi kwambiri kumpoto, kusiyana kwa malipiro a CEO / ogwira ntchito ndi makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, pamene ku Japan, dziko lathanzi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndi khumi ndi limodzi. Pakugwa kwachuma kwaposachedwa ku Japan, kodi ma CEO ndi mameneja anachita chiyani? Kuchotsa antchito ndi kukweza malipiro? Ayi, ankachepetsa malipiro mโmalo mochotsa antchito. Izi sizomwe ma CEO athu amachita. Amachotsa antchito 40,000 ndikudzipatsa bonasi kuti awonjezere kuchita bwino. Izi sizothandiza thanzi lathu!
Ngati mabungwe amalipira 40% ya msonkho ndipo tsopano amangolipira 7%, zina zonse zimachokera kuti? Yang'anani pagalasi. Kuyambira mโzaka za mโma 1950, ogwira ntchito akhala akulipira misonkho yochuluka kuposa olemera. Ndipo mpumulo wa msonkho wamasiku ano kwa olemera, mnyamata wolemera akupwetekadi ndipo akusowa msonkho, ndi chitsanzo chaposachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndili wotsimikiza kuti nonse mโchipinda muno munalipira msonkho wochuluka kuposa amene bwana wathu wamkulu ku Washington State anachitira mu 1995. Nonse munalipira msonkho wochuluka kuposa momwe Boeing inachitira mu 1995. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pokhapokha mutalandira kapena Ngongole yamisonkho ya $33 miliyoni chaka chimenecho. Mwanjira ina, tidalipira Boeing, inu ndi ine tinalipira Boeing, $33 miliyoni ngati bili yawo yamisonkho chaka chimenecho.
Ndi chinthu chimodzi kukamba za ndalama, cheke chotengera kunyumba, chomwe nonse mumachidziwa. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi chuma, chuma. Kumbukirani, mukukhala pazinthu zanu. Kusiyana kwachuma ndi konyansa kwambiri kuposa kusiyana kwa ndalama. Olemera khumi mwa anthu 80 aliwonse ali ndi pafupifupi 1983% ya chuma mdziko muno. Olemera kwambiri ali ndi pafupifupi theka. Kotero palibe zambiri zatsalira kwa inu ndi ine. Ndipotu, kuyambira 1995 mpaka 40, XNUMX peresenti ya mabanja ku America anataya chuma. Mtsamiro pansi panu unakhala wovuta kwambiri kukhalapo panthawiyo.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tachita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti moyo ukhale woipitsitsa kwa ogwira ntchito. Monga ndanenera, tidadula ndalama zogulira nyumba zotsika mtengo, ndikuponya mamiliyoni pamsewu. Tachepetsa ndalama zogulira masukulu aboma zomwe zachititsa kuti ophunzira athu azipeza bwino poyerekezera ndi mayeso opambana padziko lonse lapansi. Tachita chilichonse kuti tiwononge banja, panthawi imodzimodziyo pamene tikulalikira mfundo za mโbanja. Tili ndi mabanja ochuluka zedi pakati pa mayiko onse olemera ndipo tili ndi ana ambiri amene akuleredwa mโmabanja a kholo limodzi. Zikanakhala bwino ngati kholo likanakhalapo kuti likulere mwanayo, koma mโmalo mwake timakakamiza khololo kugwira ntchito zingapo za malipiro ochepa, opanda chitetezo, ndi kusiya mwanayo akulera mimbulu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza ku Sweden kuti kukulira mโbanja la kholo limodzi nโkoipa ku thanzi la mwana. Sikuti ana oterowo amadwaladwala, amakhala masiku ambiri mโzipatala, ndiponso amakhala ndi vuto la makhalidwe, amakhalanso ndi imfa zambiri. Mโmawu ena, mโdziko lofanana ndi Sweden, limene lili ndi zichirikizo zosalingalirika ku United States, ana oleredwa mโmabanja a kholo limodzi amafa kwambiri. Chifukwa chiyani? Chabwino, monga ndidanenera, ku Sweden, sikuti nyumbazi zilibe zinthu zokwanira. Koma mayi kulibe kuti apeze nthawi yocheza ndi mwanayo, ndipo pamapeto pake ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Kuti ubwana waubwana utsogolere ku thanzi ngati munthu wamkulu, kukhala wotetezeka kwa kholo ndi chinthu champhamvu, cholimbikitsa thanzi. Ndikofunikira mankhwala odzitetezera. Mwina mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala chodzitetezera chomwe tingachite. Koma Clinton adaganiza zothetsa ubwino monga tikudziwira, ndipo ana athu akulipira mtengo ndi thanzi lawo losauka komanso mwayi waukulu woti adzakhale m'bokosi. Ngati ndinu mayi wosakwatiwa chonde musaganize kuti ndikuyesera kukupangitsani kumva kuti ndinu wolakwa pochita zimenezi ponena kuti mwana wanu sangachite bwino ngati munali pabanja. Mwana wanga wamwamuna, yemwe tsopano ali ndi zaka 21, sanaleredwe mโbanja la makolo aลตiri ndipo ndikanafuna kuti zikanakhala zosiyana, popeza ndikuganiza kuti akanakhala wathanzi. Koma zifukwa zomwe mabanja amagawanika makamaka ndi zandale komanso zachuma, ndipo zitha kusinthidwa. Koma ambiri a ife tingaganize kuti pali zifukwa zaumwini. Ngakhale kuti zimenezi nโzoona pa munthu aliyense payekha, dongosolo la anthu ndi limene limapangitsa kuti zichitike ndipo limatithandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake kutha kwa mabanja kwafala kwambiri.
Mโmawu ena, mโzaka 55 zapitazi tasintha kwambiri malamulo a amene amalandira chitumbuwa chotani ku United States of America. Kwa thanzi lathu, lanu ndi langa, ndi la olemera, tiyenera kusinthanso, kuti tonse tipeze zidutswa zofanana za chitumbuwacho.
Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule mfundo imeneyi. Umphawi ndi woipa pa thanzi lanu. Umphaลตi wachibale, kukhala mโchitaganya chambiri chosiyana, ndi mbali yoipitsitsa ya umphaลตi. Umphawi si kuchuluka kwa katundu, koma mtundu wa kufananitsa kosawoneka bwino pakati pa omwe ali ndi zambiri ndi omwe ali ndi zochepa. Ngati kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka ndi kochepa, ndiye kuti mafaniziro omwe timapanga amakhala ochepa. Pamene malo osewerera ali ochulukirapo, kumakhala kosavuta kusewera. Umu ndi mmene chilungamo chimakhalira, kupeลตa kukhala ndi mbali imodzi ya anthu imene ili ndi mavuto onse koma osapeza phindu lililonse.
Ndiye titani pamenepa? Monga ndanenera, ndimaphunzira zambiri podziyerekezera ndi anthu a mโmayiko ena. Ndinadabwa kumva kuti tili ndi anthu otsika kwambiri omwe amavota kuposa mayiko onse a demokalase. Mโmawu ena, anthu ochepa amavota mโdziko muno kusiyana ndi mu demokalase ina iliyonse. Pachisankho chomaliza cha King County, 29% yokha ya anthu omwe adavota adaponya voti. Ndani samavota mungafunse? Yankho: achinyamata ndi omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa. Taganizani za izo. Anthu osauka savota. Ngati savota ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi ndondomeko zokomera anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, ndipo pulezidenti akhoza kuchepetsa zochita zake zomwe zimapindulitsa ovota, omwe ndi olemera. Chifukwa chake tili ndi mpumulo wa msonkho kwa olemera, kutha kwa msonkho wa imfa womwe umapindulitsa okhawo olemera kwambiri, ndi zopereka za Enron, Bechtel ndi Haliburton pakati pa ena. Tiyenera kumva mawu athu!
Kodi pali mtsogoleri aliyense wamkulu yemwe adayang'anapo kuti anthu ogwira ntchito samavota, ndikuyesera kuwalimbikitsa kuvota, kapena adapanga mapologalamu opangitsa kuti anthu osauka alowe nawo mu demokalase? Ayi, bwanji akufuna kudziwombera okha phazi. Chifukwa chake ayi, atsogoleri anu sayang'anira zofuna zanu, pokhapokha mutawakakamiza kutero. Sapanga tsiku lovota kukhala tchuthi, monga momwe zimakhalira m'maiko ena olemera. Iwo sapanga kukhala kosavuta kulembetsa kuvota. Ndipo apitiliza kukhala ndi malamulo osaphatikiza anthu ngati olakwa kuti asavote. Olemera sali osayankhula. Anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa nawonso sakhala osayankhula, koma adakhumudwa ndipo amaganiza kuti voti yawo siiwerengeka.
Ena a inu mungakumbukire zaka za mโma 1960 pamene zipolowe zinkachitika mโmizinda yamkati ku America, panali gulu lankhondo lodana ndi Vietnam, ndipo gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe linali litayamba kale. Atsogoleri a dziko laufulu adawona kuti iyi ndivuto la demokalase. Bungwe la Trilateral Commission lidatulutsa buku la mutu wakuti Crisis of Democracy pomwe lidati anthu akapitiriza kuchita zinthu mโmanja mwawo, ndiye kuti mavutowa apitirire. Adalemba zamavuto mukakhala ndi demokalase yochulukirapo. Chifukwa chake Trilateral Commission idakhazikitsa njira zomwe tidayenera kuchita kuti tipewe kuchulukira kwa demokalase, ndipo izi zatsatiridwa kotero tili ndi vuto lomwe lilipo la kuchepa kwa ovota, koma palibe vuto.
Zinthu zimasintha tikamagwirira ntchito limodzi pazofuna zathu osati za olemera. Tiyenera kunena kuti AYI ku zopereka zambiri za olemera. Ali ndi zokwanira, ndipo safuna zambiri, ngakhale ndikakhala pafupi ndi madokotala olemera, zomwe amachita ndikulankhula za momwe amafunira ndalama zambiri. Olemera amakhala choncho nthawi zonse, pambuyo pa zambiri.
Ngati osauka adakonzekera, ngati gulu la ogwira ntchito likugwirizana, likanakhala chidutswa cha mkate kusintha zinthu. Ndipotu osauka ndi ogwira ntchito ndi ambiri m'dziko muno. Ngati mukukumbukira izi, ngati mukuzindikira kuti zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikukambirana pakati panu za malingaliro awa, kuyankhula ndikuyamba kufotokoza zosowa zanu, ndikukankhira mfundo zomwe zimabwezeretsa mkhalidwe womwe anthu ogwira ntchito anali nawo ku America tisanapereke. zonse zipita kwa olemera, ndiye thanzi lathu lidzayamba kuyenda bwino poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena.
Tiyenera kuumba dziko lomwe limapanga zokumana nazo pamoyo wathu, motero, kuumba thanzi lathu. Ili si dziko la mwayi wofanana. Pokhapokha ngati mumakhulupirira kuti anthu ochepa mwachibadwa amabadwa kuti akwere pamene ambiri a ife timabadwa kuti tiyime, ndi chizindikiro chakuti mwayi ndi wocheperapo. Njira yokha yotulukira imene ine ndikudziwa kwa ife amene taikidwa chishalo lero, ndi kutaya zishalo zimenezo, ndi kuthamangitsa okwera ndi kuwaika iwo mโmalo awo. Timachuluka kwambiri kuposa okwerawo. Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndikukonzekera ndi chiyembekezo chathu chotukula thanzi lathu ngati fuko. Tiyenera kubweretsanso vuto la demokalase.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu ngati inu mwasonkhana lero ndi omwe mumawalankhula, omwe sali olemera, omwe amagwira ntchito, ndi madokotala a zaumoyo m'dziko lino. Ndinu anthu amene muyenera kulembera mankhwala omwe adzalandira katundu wambiri m'manja mwa ana anu, omwe adzawonjezera misonkho kwa olemera, omwe adzaphwanya mphamvu za mabungwe, adzabwezeretsa mphamvu kuntchito, perekani thandizo kwa omwe akuzifuna osati omwe ali nazo kale. Njira yolimbana ndi ndalama zokonzekera ndi anthu okonzeka.
Anali Mahatma Gandhi amene anati Choyamba amakunyalanyazani; Kenako amakusekani; Kenako amamenyana nanu; ndiye mukupambana. Ndipo Martin Luther King Jr. anati โChifundo chenicheni chimaposa kuponya ndalama kwa wopemphapempha; zimafika powona kuti nyumba yomwe imatulutsa opempha iyenera kukonzedwanso. "
Ndinalankhula za Doctor MacArthur, dokotala wamkulu wa zaumoyo wa anthu onse. Inu kunja uko mutha kupatsa MacArthur Medicine, kumbukirani zosakaniza zitatuzi: ma D atatu ochotsa usilikali, demokalase ndi kugawanitsa anthu-kutsitsa ma Walmart. Titha kumwa mankhwala omwe tidapatsa ku Japan, ndiko kuti, titha kumwa tokha, kapena tingapemphe Japan kuti atipatse.
Ndimaliza powerenga ndakatulo
MSEWU WAPASI
Wolemba Marge Piercy
Kodi angakuchitireni chiyani? Chilichonse chomwe akufuna. Atha kukukhazikitsani, akhoza kukusokonezani, akhoza kuthyola zala zanu, akhoza kuwotcha ubongo wanu ndi magetsi, amakusokonezani ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo mpaka osatha kuyenda, osakumbukira, akhoza kutenga mwana wanu, kulimbitsa thupi lanu. wokonda. Akhoza kuchita chilichonse chimene simungathe kuwaletsa kuchita. mungawaletse bwanji? Pawekha, ukhoza kumenyana, ukhoza kukana, ukhoza kubwezera zomwe ungathe koma iwo amakugudubuza.
Koma anthu awiri akumenyana mobwerera mโmbuyo akhoza kudutsa gulu la anthu, fayilo yovina njoka imatha kuthyola chingwe, gulu lankhondo lingakumane ndi gulu lankhondo.
Anthu awiri amatha kusungana bwino, atha kupereka chithandizo, kukhudzika, chikondi, kusisita, chiyembekezo, kugonana. Anthu atatu ndi nthumwi, komiti, mphero. Ndi anayi mutha kusewera mlatho ndikuyambitsa bungwe. Ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mutha kubwereka nyumba yonse, kudya chitumbuwa chamadzulo popanda masekondi, ndikuchita phwando lokweza ndalama. Anthu khumi ndi awiri akupanga chionetsero. Zazana kudzaza holo. Chikwi ali ndi mgwirizano ndi nkhani yanu: zikwi khumi, mphamvu ndi pepala lanu: zikwi zana, zofalitsa zanu; mamiliyoni khumi, dziko lanu lomwe.
Zimapitirira imodzi ndi imodzi, zimayamba pamene mumasamala kuti muchitepo kanthu, zimayamba pamene mukuzichita kachiwiri atanena kuti ayi, zimayamba pamene mukuti IFE ndikudziwa yemwe mukutanthauza, ndipo tsiku lililonse mumatanthawuza chimodzi.
Zikomo.
Stephen Bezruchka MD, MPH Senior Lecturer: International Health Program Department of Health Services School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington Box 357660 Seattle, Washington 98195-3576, (206)932-4928, Fax (206)685-4184 [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama