Greece sewero lazachuma yakhala ikulamulira mitu yankhani kwa zaka zisanu pa chifukwa chimodzi: kukana kouma khosi kwa obwereketsa athu kupereka mpumulo wofunikira wangongole. Chifukwa chiyani, motsutsana ndi malingaliro wamba, motsutsana ndi chigamulo cha IMF komanso motsutsana ndi machitidwe amasiku onse a mabanki omwe amakumana ndi omwe ali ndi ngongole zambiri, amatero. kukana kukonzanso ngongole? Yankho silingapezeke muzachuma chifukwa limakhala mkati mwa ndale za ku Europe za labyrinthine.
Mu 2010, dziko la Greece anakhala wolephera. Zosankha ziwiri zogwirizana ndi kupitiriza kukhala membala wa eurozone zinadziwonetsera okha: yanzeru, yomwe banki aliyense wakhalidwe labwino angapangire - kukonzanso ngongole ndikusintha chuma; ndi njira yoyipa - kukulitsa ngongole zatsopano ku bungwe lomwe lasokonekera kwinaku akunamizira kuti likhala lokhazikika.
Official Europe adasankha njira yachiwiri, ndikuyika mabanki aku France ndi Germany omwe ali ndi ngongole zaboma ku Greece kuposa momwe dziko la Greece limathandizira pazachuma. Kukonzanso ngongole kungatanthauze kutayika kwa mabanki pangongole zawo zaku Greece. Pofuna kupewa kuulula ku nyumba yamalamulo kuti okhometsa misonkho azilipiranso mabanki pogwiritsa ntchito ngongole zatsopano zosakhazikika, akuluakulu a EU adawonetsa kusachita bwino kwa dziko la Greece ngati vuto. kulakwa, ndipo analungamitsa “kubweza ngongole” ngati mlandu wa “mgwirizano” ndi Agiriki.
Kuti akhazikitse kusamutsidwa kwachipongwe kwa zotayika zachinsinsi zomwe sizingabwezedwe pamapewa a okhometsa msonkho ngati njira ya "chikondi cholimba", mbiri yochepetsetsa idayikidwa Greece, omwe ndalama zake zadziko lonse, zomwe zimachokera - zomwe ngongole zatsopano ndi zakale ziyenera kubwezeredwa - zimachepetsedwa ndi kotala. Zimatengera ukatswiri wa masamu wa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu wanzeru kuti adziwe kuti njirayi siyitha bwino.
Ntchito yotereyi itatha, Europe idapeza chifukwa chinanso chokanira kukambirana zakusintha ngongole: tsopano zifika m'matumba a nzika zaku Europe! Ndipo kotero kuchuluka kwa Mlingo wa austerity kunkaperekedwa pomwe ngongoleyo idakula, zomwe zidakakamiza omwe amabwereketsa kuti awonjezere ngongole zambiri posinthanitsa ndi ndalama zambiri.
Boma lathu lidasankhidwa kuti lithetse vuto ili; kufuna kukonzanso ngongole ndi kutha kwa kuluma kwachuma. Kukambitsirana kwafika pachimake chodziwika bwino pazifukwa zosavuta: omwe amatibwereketsa akupitilizabe kuletsa kukonzanso ngongole zomwe zingachitike pomwe akuumirira kuti ngongole yathu yomwe sitingalipidwe ibwezedwe "mwachisawawa" ndi ofooka kwambiri a Agiriki, ana awo ndi zidzukulu zawo.
M'sabata yanga yoyamba ngati nduna ya zachuma ndidachezeredwa ndi Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Purezidenti wa Eurogroup (nduna zandalama za eurozone), omwe adandisankha: vomerezani "malingaliro" a bailout ndikusiya zomwe mukufuna kukonzanso ngongole kapena ngongole yanu. Chigwirizano "chidzawonongeka" - zotsatira zomwe sizinanenezo n'zakuti mabanki a Greece apatsidwa ndalama.
Kukambitsirana kwa miyezi isanu kunachitika pansi pazovuta zandalama komanso banki yoyendetsedwa ndi banki yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndikuyendetsedwa ndi European Central Bank. Zolembazo zinali pakhoma: pokhapokha tikadachita bwino, posachedwapa tidzayang'anizana ndi kuwongolera ndalama, makina opangira ndalama omwe amagwira ntchito, tchuthi chotalikirapo kubanki ndipo, pamapeto pake, Grexit.
Chiwopsezo cha Grexit chakhala ndi mbiri yakale. Mu 2010 chinaika kuopa Mulungu m’mitima ndi m’maganizo a anthu azandalama pamene mabanki awo anali odzala ndi ngongole za Agiriki. Ngakhale mu 2012, pamene nduna ya zachuma ku Germany, Wolfgang Schäuble, anaganiza zimenezo Ndalama za Grexit zinali "ndalama" zopindulitsa monga njira yolangira France et al, chiyembekezocho chinapitilirabe kuwopseza masana amoyo pafupifupi aliyense.
Pofika nthawi yomwe Syriza adapambana mphamvu mu Januwale watha, ndipo ngati kutsimikizira zonena zathu kuti "bailouts" zinalibe chochita ndi kupulumutsa Greece (ndi chilichonse chochita ndi ringfencing kumpoto kwa Europe), ambiri ambiri mkati mwa Eurogroup - motsogozedwa ndi Schäuble - adatengera Grexit ngati chotsatira chawo kapena chida chomwe angasankhe motsutsana ndi boma lathu.
Agiriki, moyenerera, amanjenjemera poganiza kuti adulidwa kuchoka ku mgwirizano wandalama. Kutuluka mundalama wamba sikuli ngati kudula chikhomo, monga Britain idachita mu 1992, pamene Norman Lamont adayimba mu shawa m'mawa sterling adasiya European exchange rate mechanism (ERM). Kalanga, Greece ilibe ndalama yomwe chikhomo chake ndi yuro chingathe kudulidwa. Ili ndi yuro - ndalama zakunja zomwe zimayendetsedwa mokwanira ndi wobwereketsa inimical kuti akonzenso ngongole yosakhazikika ya dziko lathu.
Kuti tituluke, tifunika kupanga ndalama zatsopano kuyambira pachiyambi. Ku Iraq komwe kunkakhala anthu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndalama zamapepala zatsopano kudatenga pafupifupi chaka, 20 kapena Boeing 747s, kulimbikitsa mphamvu zankhondo zaku US, makampani atatu osindikizira ndi magalimoto mazana ambiri. Ngati palibe chithandizo chotere, Grexit ingakhale yofanana ndi kulengeza kutsika kwakukulu pasadakhale miyezi 18: njira yochotsera masheya onse achi Greek ndikusamutsira kunja mwanjira iliyonse yomwe ilipo.
Ndi Grexit kulimbikitsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa banki yoyendetsedwa ndi ECB, zoyesayesa zathu zobwezera ngongole pagome lazokambirana zidagwera m'makutu osamva. Nthawi ndi nthawi tinkauzidwa kuti iyi inali nkhani ya tsogolo losadziwika lomwe lingatsatire "kumaliza bwino kwa pulogalamuyo" - Catch-22 yochititsa chidwi popeza "pulogalamu" sichingapambane popanda kukonzanso ngongole.
Kumapeto kwa sabata ino kumabweretsa pachimake cha zokambirana ngati Euclid Tsakalotos, wolowa m'malo wanga, amayesetsa, kachiwiri, kuyika kavalo patsogolo pa ngolo - kutsimikizira gulu la Eurogroup kuti kukonzanso ngongole ndizofunikira kuti apambane kusintha Greece, osati mphotho yakale. N’chifukwa chiyani kuli kovutirapo kupeza? Ndikuwona zifukwa zitatu.
Chimodzi ndi chakuti inertia ya chikhalidwe ndi yovuta kuigonjetsa. Chachiwiri, ngongole yosakhazikika imapatsa wobwereketsa mphamvu zazikulu pa omwe ali ndi ngongole - ndipo mphamvu, monga tikudziwira, imawononga ngakhale zabwino kwambiri. Koma ndi lachitatu lomwe likuwoneka kuti ndilofunika kwambiri komanso, losangalatsa kwambiri.
Yuro ndi wosakanizidwa waulamuliro wosasintha, monga ERM ya m'ma 1980, kapena muyezo wagolide wa 1930s, ndi ndalama za boma. Zakale zimadalira kuopa kuthamangitsidwa kuti zigwirizane, pamene ndalama za boma zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zobwezeretsanso zotsalira pakati pa mayiko omwe ali mamembala (mwachitsanzo, bajeti ya federal, ma bond wamba). Eurozone ili pakati pa zinthuzi - ndi yochuluka kuposa nthawi yosinthana ndi dziko.
Ndipo pali vuto. Pambuyo pavuto la 2008/9, Europe sinadziwe momwe angayankhire. Kodi ziyenera kukonzekera malo othamangitsidwa kamodzi (ndiko, Grexit) kuti alimbikitse mwambo? Kapena kusamukira ku federal? Mpaka pano sichinachitepo chilichonse, malingaliro ake a existentialist akukwera mpaka kalekale. Schäuble ali ndi chikhulupiriro kuti momwe zinthu ziliri, akufunika Grexit kuti athetse vuto, njira ina. Mwadzidzidzi, ngongole yachi Greek yosakhazikika, popanda zomwe chiopsezo cha Grexit chitha, chapeza zothandiza kwa Schauble.
Ndikutanthauza chiyani pamenepa? Kutengera ndi miyezi yakukambirana, kukhudzika kwanga ndikuti nduna ya zachuma ku Germany ikufuna kuti Greece ichotsedwe ku ndalama imodzi kuti iike kuopa Mulungu mu French ndikuwapangitsa kuti avomereze chitsanzo chake cha eurozone yolanga.
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