Oct .13 ndi tsiku lobadwa la malemu Nduna Yaikulu ya ku Britain Margaret Thatcher - kotero mwina kungakhale koyenera kutenga kamphindi kuti tiganizire momwe a Thatcherism amalamulirabe dziko lonse la capitalist.
Munthawi yake yandale m'zaka za m'ma 1980, Thatcher adati akufuna kusintha moyo, kusintha chilengedwe chomwe anthu amakhalamo, ndipo lingaliro lake loti "palibe njira ina" (TINA) idakhazikika kwambiri m'malingaliro athu komanso m'malingaliro athu. kuzindikira kwathu kuti zikuwoneka kuti sitingathenso kuganiza kuti pali njira ina ya capitalism.
Neoliberalism ya Thatcher idadziwika ndi kuchotsedwa (makamaka m'gawo lazachuma), kuponderezedwa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kuwukira mabungwe ogwira ntchito, komanso kubizinesi kwa mabungwe aboma. Onse a Thatcher ndi a Ronald Reagan adayang'anira kusintha kwa mtundu wa capitalism, womwe udasinthiratu gulu la pambuyo pa 1929 kupita ku kulowererapo kwa boma komanso demokalase.
Zatsala nthawi yayitali kuti tigone lingaliro ili la TINA kuti lipume. Taganizirani izi: mโzaka za mโma 1930 zinali zoonekeratu kuti panali njira ina. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, njira ina inatulukira momwe boma linkakhudzidwa kwambiri; ndipo mitengo yamisonkho ku US inali yokwera kwambiri. Limodzi mwa mabodza osalekeza omwe timamva kuchokera kwa a Republican ndikuti misonkho yayikulu imawononga kukula.
Donald Trump adabwerezanso zolakwika izi pamtsutso wachiwiri wapurezidenti, koma mbiriyo imalankhula mosiyana. Mu 1945, misonkho ya anthu amene amapeza ndalama zambiri inali 92 peresenti; sichinagwere pansi pa 70 peresenti mpaka Ronald Reagan adatsitsa mpaka 30 peresenti.
Mu 1981, Reagan inachepetsa kwambiri msonkho wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe unakhudza anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri, ndikutsitsa msonkho wapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera pa 70 peresenti kufika pa 50 peresenti; mu 1986 anachepetsanso mlingowo kufika pa 28 peresenti. Pakati pa 1945 ndi Reagan, chiwerengero cha kukula ku US chinali pafupifupi 4 mpaka 5 peresenti pachaka: imodzi mwa nthawi zopambana kwambiri za mbiri yakale ya America, pamene msonkho wapamwamba unali nthawizonse pa 70-osamvetseka peresenti.
Kuyambira Ronald Reagan, msonkho wapamwamba kwambiri wakhala pafupifupi 35-39 peresenti ndipo chiwerengero cha kukula kuyambira m'ma 1970 chakhala 2 peresenti. Ngakhale zonena zopanda pake za a Trump zotsutsana ndi izi, anthu aku America akadali m'modzi mwa nzika zokhometsedwa misonkho m'maiko otsogola, pomwe 28 peresenti yazinthu zonse zapakhomo zimatengedwa misonkho motsutsana ndi 36 peresenti ya mayiko 38 omwe ali mamembala a Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Ndiye njira ina ndi iti? Zoona zake nโzakuti panopa tikukumana ndi vuto la maganizo. Pali kuchulukirachulukira kwa kutsutsa koyipa kwa capitalism; ndi kutsutsa pang'ono kolimbikitsa. Poyamba, tiyenera kutenga malingaliro kuchokera kwa pulofesa wa zachuma ku CUNY David Harvey, ndikuyang'ana mkati mwa dongosolo la fakitale kuti mupeze mayankho omwe angakhalepo.
Mwachitsanzo, yang'anani momwe mabungwe masiku ano amayendetsera ndikuwongolera: ali ndi dongosolo lowongolera ndi kuwongolera kudzera mumayendedwe awo ogulitsa. Zochita zawo zimakonzedweratu pakatikati mwa njira yopambana komanso yothandiza. Munthu angaganize mosavuta kutengera njirayo ndikuyilozera ku cholinga cha chikhalidwe cha anthu osati kungowonjezera mfundo zoyambira.
Njira ina
Pali chinthu chinanso cha njira ina iliyonse yotheka yomwe iyenera kutchulidwa; ndipo ithandiza kulinganiza kufunikira kokonzekera pakati - kutanthauza, kudziyang'anira kwa ogwira ntchito (WSM). Kudzitsogolera kwa ogwira ntchito kumaphatikizapo kukulitsa ndi kulimbikitsa mfundo za demokalase kupyola ndale.
Bizinesi iliyonse imayang'aniridwa ndi omwe amagwira ntchito kumeneko, ndipo ndi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zopangira zisankho posankha, mwachitsanzo, zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa, zingati komanso kwa ndani; momwe ndalama zonse ziyenera kugawidwira; ndi momwe kampaniyo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikuyendetsedwa. WSM ndi ndondomeko yamagulu yotengera zolinga zomwe anthu amalumikizana pamodzi m'bungwe loyendetsedwa bwino lomwe limayendetsedwa bwino.
Chofunikira choyamba pakukhalapo kwa WSM ndikuti kasamalidwe ka kampaniyo amaperekedwa kwa anthu onse omwe amagwira ntchito momwemo. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri apa ndi yakuti kampaniyo imayang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito okha osati eni ake akuluakulu: mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito kwambiri popanga katundu ndi ntchito ali ndi mphamvu pakupanga.
Izi ndi sine qua non kwa ogwira ntchito kudziyang'anira okha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ndondomeko ya demokalase ikufunika; kumene zolinga zingathe kufotokozedwa mkati, ndipo pali kufanana kwa mphamvu zovota pakati pa onse ogwira ntchito mu kampani ndipo, moyenerera, mwayi wofanana kutenga nawo mbali mwademokalase poyendetsa zochitika za bungwe.
Ulamuliro wa demokalase pazachuma ndi mzati wapakati wovomerezeka mu dongosolo lililonse lademokalase. Malo ogwirira ntchito akuyenera kukhala malo omwe anthu amaphunzira luso lotengapo mbali, zikhalidwe ndi zochitika zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndale zademokalase. "Maphunziro a chikhalidwe cha anthu" amtunduwu amalepheretsedwa kwambiri ndi mitundu yomwe ilipo ya kupatukana.
Kudziyang'anira pawokha ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale ntchito yokhazikika-yogwira ntchito komanso yopindulitsa - imapanga malo omwe anthu amasonkhana, osati kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo zachuma komanso kufunikira kwawo kwa anthu ammudzi, kukambirana komanso kukwaniritsa ntchito. Mutu wa kudziwongolera kwa ogwira ntchito ndi wapanthawi yake: mu nthawi ya capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi, demokalase yachuma ndiyofunika kwambiri kuposa kale. Mwamwayi, pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti makampani odziyang'anira okha ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito bwino komanso, ngati sibwino kuposa, makampani omwe amayendetsedwa kale.
Tikudziwanso kuti mamenejala omwe amalembedwa ntchito m'makampani omwe ogwira ntchito ali ndi chikoka china amakonda kuthandizira kupatsa mphamvu kwa ogwira ntchito: sizikanakhala choncho ngati ntchitozi sizikuwoneka ngati zopambana. Demokalase yapantchito imatha kukwaniritsa "zofunika kuchita bwino" - kuti sipangakhalenso kukaikira kulikonse. Apo ayi, palibe amene angafune kuti demokalase ipitirire kuntchito. WSM ingakhalebe lingaliro lopanda phindu.
Malinga ndi bungwe la United States Federation of Worker Cooperatives, ku United States kokha kuli malo ogwirira ntchito ademokalase oposa 300, omwe amalemba ntchito anthu masauzande ambiri ndipo amapeza ndalama zoposa $400 miliyoni pachaka. Zoona zake n'zakuti anthu wamba ochulukirachulukira akufuna kuti pakhale demokalase ya kuntchito, ndipo malingaliro otere okhudza kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale zolimbikitsa.
Chotero, polemekeza tsiku lobadwa la Margaret Thatcher, tiyeni tidzitsimikizire tokha, dziko lapansi, ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo motero kuti palidi njira ina ya dongosolo la ukapitalisti wapadziko lonse limene limachulukitsa umphaลตi, masautso ndi umphaลตi; zimene zimawononga chilengedwe ndi kubera munthu malo oyenerera kukhalamo, zonsezo mโdzina la chifuno chamisala chimene chingafotokozedwe mwachidule mโmawu amodzi: kukula.
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