Tiyerekeze kuti nyumba yanu ikuyaka ndipo banja lanu lili m’kati. Akuluakulu ozimitsa moto akafika pamalowo, akukuuzani kuti kupulumutsa kudzawononga $ 1 miliyoni. Ndipotu, kodi banja lanu ndi nyumba yanu si zamtengo wapatali?
Izi siziyenera kumveka ngati zokhumudwitsa. Ndi zomwe makampani opanga mankhwala amatiuza kuti tiwalipire mitengo yawo yotetezedwa ndi ma patent a mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala. Mankhwala omwe timafunikira pa thanzi lathu kapena miyoyo yathu ndi otsika mtengo nthawi zonse, monga momwe ozimitsa moto amatha kupulumutsa mosavuta akafika pamoto. Koma makampani opanga mankhwala, monga ozimitsa moto omwe ali pamalopo, amakhala ndi mphamvu pazantchito zawo panthawi yovuta. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupeza mtengo wawo.
Otsutsa makampani opanga mankhwala anganene kuti pamafunika ndalama zambiri kupanga mankhwala. Komabe, kuti tipitirize ndi fanizo la ozimitsa moto, zimatengeranso ndalama zambiri kuti gulu la ozimitsa moto likhale lophunzitsidwa komanso lokonzekera kuyankha foniyo pakamphindi. Nchifukwa chiyani tikuganiza kuti n'zomveka kuti wodwalayo azinyamula mtengo wa kafukufuku wa mankhwala panthawi yomwe akufunikira mankhwala, koma osati kuti mwiniwake wa nyumba yoyaka moto azikhala ndi ndalama zosamalira dipatimenti yamoto?
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi nkhaniyi ndikuti tilibe mtsutso wapagulu wa momwe timapezera ndalama zofufuzira za mankhwala. Panopa United States ikuwononga ndalama zokwana madola 250 biliyoni pachaka pogula mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala. Ngati mankhwala atagulitsidwa pamsika wopikisana, popanda kulamulidwa ndi boma patent, titha kusunga pafupifupi $200 biliyoni pachaka. Ndalama zokwana madola 200 biliyoni pamitengo yapamwamba yamankhwala zimagula ndalama zosakwana $25 biliyoni pachaka mu kafukufuku wamankhwala, malinga ndi Congressional Budget Office. Kulipira $8 pamitengo yapamwamba yamankhwala pa $1 pakufufuza sikukuwoneka ngati ntchito yabwino kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, monga akadaulo azachuma omwe sagwira ntchito kumakampani opanga mankhwala angakuuzeni, kuchulukirachulukira komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma patent monopolies ndikuyitanitsa kukatangale. Kampani yopanga mankhwala ikatha kugulitsa mankhwala kwa $500 zomwe zimawononga $4 kupanga ndi kugawa, imakhala ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu chosocheretsa madokotala ndi anthu za chitetezo ndi mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Ndipo, pamene kampani yamankhwala ichita kafukufuku wa mankhwalawa, ndikuwongolera kufalitsa zomwe zapeza pa kafukufuku, iwonso amatha kuchitapo kanthu pa chilimbikitsochi.
Pansi pa dongosolo lamakonoli, sitiyenera kudabwa kupeza makampani opanga mankhwala akubisa umboni wakuti mankhwala awo angakhale osagwira ntchito kapena ovulaza. Poganizira momwe boma limathandizira, tiyenera kudabwa ngati makampani opanga mankhwala alibe chinyengo.
Pali njira zambiri zosiyanitsira ma patent monopolies pothandizira kafukufuku wamankhwala. M'malo mwake, boma la US limagwiritsa ntchito kale $ 30 biliyoni pachaka pakufufuza zamankhwala kudzera ku National Institutes of Health. Pafupifupi aliyense, kuphatikiza makampani opanga mankhwala, amavomereza kuti kafukufuku wothandizidwa ndi boma uyu wakhala wofunikira kwambiri.
Kodi kukakhala kwanzeru kuwirikiza kaŵiri mlingo wa ndalama za boma kulipira mtengo wonse wa kupanga mankhwala, ndiyeno nkulola kuti mankhwala onse azigulitsidwa pa $4 pa muyezo wamankhwala kumsika wopikisana? Titha kupitilira ndalama zomwe boma limapereka chaka chilichonse pamankhwala omwe amagulidwa kudzera ku Medicare ndi Medicaid. Makampani opanga mankhwala akanakhala alibe andale athu, tikadakhala ndi mkanganowu.
Ngati kuchotseratu ndalama zomwe zachitika pa kafukufukuyu zikumveka ngati chinthu chovuta kwambiri, nanga bwanji kungolipirira mayeso azachipatala? Kupatula apo, apa ndipamene mwayi wawukulu wa ziphuphu ulipo, pomwe makampani amangowulula zomwe zayesedwa pamayesero omwe amapeza kuti ndizothandiza kumasula. Apanso, ndalama zomwe boma limapereka polipira mayesowo zitha kukhala zochulukirapo kuposa kutsika mtengo wamankhwala ogulidwa kudzera m'mapulogalamu aboma.
Tikuyenera kukhala ndi mkangano waukulu wadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi momwe machitidwe amakono a patent ndi njira zina zopezera ndalama zofufuzira mankhwala. Koma n’zomvetsa chisoni kuti makampani opanga mankhwalaŵa ndi amphamvu kwambiri moti ndi andale ochepa chabe amene ali ofunitsitsa kuganiza za njira zina. M'malo mwake, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi amphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti ndi ofalitsa ochepa chabe omwe angasindikize ndime yosonyeza njira zina. M'malo mwake, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi amphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri azachuma ochepa angaganize zofufuza njira zina.
Choncho, mtsogolomu, tidzayembekezera eni ake a nyumba yoyaka moto kuti awononge ndalama zambiri kwa ozimitsa moto omwe akubwera kudzapulumutsa. Ndipo tidzangonamizira kuti palibe njira yabwinoko yochitira zinthu.
Dean Baker ndi director co-wa Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR). Iye ndi mlembi wa "The Conservative Nanny State: Momwe olemera amagwiritsira ntchito boma kuti akhale olemera ndi kulemera" (www.conservativenannystate.org). Alinso ndi blog, "Beat the Press," komwe amakambitsirana za nkhani zachuma zomwe atolankhani amafalitsa. Mutha kuzipeza patsamba la American Prospect.
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