Asayansi amati
Zonse zidzasamba
Koma sitikhulupirira kenanso
Chifukwa tili ndi zolembera zathu
Ndipo ma suti athu obiriwira a mohair
Chifukwa chake chonde onetsani ID yanu. pakhomo
- "Sin City,โ Gram Parsons ndi Chris Hillman
M'mphepete mwa msewu ndi wotentha kwambiri pansi pa nsapato ndikusungunuka, zomwe zimasiya mayendedwe ochepa pa konkriti. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June masanawa, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madigiri 112 ku Las Vegas ndipo kumatentha kwambiri pansi pa phompho la Strip.
Kutentha kopanda chifundo kumagwira ntchito yake, kukopa makamuwo kulowa m'malo ozizira a kasino, komwe ngakhale Ariadne atha kusochera pakati pa neon yonyezimira, hypnotic swells of electronica, kulira koopsa kwa otayika pamagome.
Mkati ndi pomwe akukufunani. Ndipamene matumba anu amasankhidwa pamipata yapamwamba kwambiri (makina oseketsa kwambiri: KISS; owopsa kwambiri: Joker, wokhala ndi kanema wa Heath Ledger), Cirque du Soliel akuwonetsa (pa $ 155 tikiti) kapena chakudya chamtengo wapatali komanso chosavuta kugayidwa pansi. chizindikiro cha Mario Batali yemwe amapezeka paliponse.
Tinabwera kuno ku msonkhano wapachaka wa American Library Association, kumene mkazi wanga Kimberly ndi anzake a pa yunivesite ya Portland Stateโs Millar Library akuyembekezeka kulandira mphoto yaikulu ya luso lazopangapanga zatsopano. Pambuyo popirira ziwonetsero za 1001 za PowerPoint pamitu ngati "Threshold Concepts" komanso kuopsa kwa bibliographic pakusindikiza ma e-mail, nthawi zambiri oyang'anira malaibulale a prim ndi sedate amakhala okonzeka kusiya kwa mlungu umodzi wosiyidwa m'chipululu. Las Vegas ili ndi chikondwerero cha mtundu wapadera wa Id waku America, mfundo yosasunthika yachilakolako chofanana ndi kuyatsa kwa strobe ndi nyimbo yomveka bwino.
Kodi Threshold Concept ndi chiyani, mumafunsa? Funso labwino. Ndidakhala ndikukambitsirana kosawoneka bwino komanso kopanda nzeru kwa ola ndi theka ndi akatswiri atatu otsogola a chiphunzitsocho ndikukhalabe wodabwitsidwa, monga momwe ndimachitira, ndimasewera, ambiri a library muholoyo. Ngati mungafotokozere zofunikira, lingaliro la Threshold likuwoneka lofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe tinkakonda kuzitcha m'masemina afilosofi pamalingaliro osasinthika (ahem) a Wittgenstein "kupeza chidziwitso chambiri." Koma kumveketsa bwino si njira yotsimikizika yopita ku utsogoleri.
Filosofi yolimbikitsa kachitidwe katsopano kameneka mu "kasamalidwe ka chidziwitso" ndiyowopsa kwambiri kuposa momwe imatchulidwira modabwitsa. M'zaka za Google, Edward Snowden ndi Wikipedia, olemba mabuku ena amaphunziro amawona kuti udindo wawo wovuta ngati alonda a chidziwitso wazunguliridwa. Lingaliro la Threshold Concepts likuwoneka kuti likupereka chiwopsezo chomaliza kwa oyang'anira mabuku kuti atsimikizirenso udindo wawo monga otsogolera zidziwitso, kuweta ophunzira opanda nzeru komanso osunga laibulale opandachinyengo kuzinthu "zovomerezeka" ndi "zodalirika" zankhani (monga New York Times, mwachibadwa.) Ndiwochita posachedwapa potsutsa-kuukira munthu amene analumphira mpira wophwanyidwa kudzera mwachinyengo cha mlonda wakale wa ntchitoyo: Michel Foucault. Mu Dongosolo la Zinthu, Foucault adawulula zida zandale zopondereza zomwe zikuyendetsa m'magulu ndi kuwongolera chidziwitso ndipo omasulira zolemba "zoyenera" akhala akugwira kuyambira pamenepo. (Zambiri pa izi posachedwa.)
Ambiri mwa oyang'anira mabuku okwana 12,000 omwe adasonkhana pano mkati mwa sabata ladzuwa lopanda chisoni lachilimwe akuwoneka ngati osakhazikika, akungoyendayenda mopanda cholinga m'makonde a De Chirico, akuyang'ana mapu a Google pa mafoni awo. Mwina akuyang'ana maloto a malo ogulitsira mabuku. Adzafunafuna pachabe. Pano mabuku okhawo amasungidwa ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amafunikira osunga maakaunti omwe ayenera kulipidwa.
Ine ndi Kimberly tinamanga msasa ku Riviera, zomwe zinali zovuta kwa ine. Ndinkafuna kukhala ku Vegas yakale, mzinda wa zigawenga ndi atsikana ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, Howard Hughes ndi wolemekezeka Dr. Thompson. Vegas imeneyo yapita kale ndipo Riviera ndi chotsalira chowola chakupita kwake. Hoteloyo ili m'mphepete mwa malo akuluakulu oimika magalimoto kumpoto kwa Strip, kudutsa Las Vegas Boulevard kuchokera ku Circus Circus, yomwe imafanana ndi filimu yonyansa kwambiri yosiyidwa.
Kumbuyo kwa Riviera kuli nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoyera. Kumbali ya nyumbayi muli zilembo zazikulu zofiira zolembedwa: Indoor Skydiving. Taganizirani izi. Chigawo china chosangalatsa cha Vegas alt reality show. Zachidziwikire, kudumpha m'nyumba zambiri mumzindawu kumachitika pansi pamakasino.
Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa Strip kumayendetsedwa ndi kuzungulira kwazungulire kwa ma cab ndi magalimoto onyamula zotsatsa zamatsenga osadziwika, ndi nyenyezi zomwe zikuzimiririka ngati Celine Dion, Olivia Newton-John ndi Rod Stewart, yemwe akuwoneka kuti akufuna kumaliza arc yake yazaka 30. wobadwa mwakukhala Engelbert Humperdinck watsopano. Koma zotsatsa zochulukirachulukira zinali za mahule a โDirect to Youโ, โasungwana amene amafunadi kukumana nawe.โ Ma blondes otopawa amasewera mabere opangidwanso bwino lomwe ndi misomali yopukutidwa bwino pamapazi osalimba omwe amasiya mayendedwe olemera kwambiri a carbon.
Nevada ikukhala malo opatulika a Tea Party, koma Vegas ikadali tawuni yogwirizana ya anthu ophikira, hotelo ndi kasino. Koma ngakhale izi zikuyamba kusintha. Mutha kuwona zam'tsogolo pamasewera a Bellagio ndi Venetian, komwe ntchito zambiri zikuchulukirachulukira. Chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa ine chinali kuchuluka kwa matebulo a jack wakuda, pomwe ma avata a ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zosokoneza zosokoneza amayendetsa masewerawa pazowunikira zazikulu. Osewera aumunthu, omwe mwina amasangalatsidwa ndi zaka zamasewera apakanema, amakhala chete pamatebulo, akumamatira ku chikhulupiriro cholimba chachilungamo cha kasino wa poker algorithms. Itchani Homage to Catatonia.
Pandege kuchokera ku Portland, ndinakhala pafupi ndi injiniya yemwe wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi zapitazi ku Lake Mead. Madziwo akuphwa, akuuma pamaso pathu. Madzi amatsika chaka chilichonse, ndikusiya madontho oyera oyera pamakoma a Black Canyon. Ntchito ya kampani yake ndi kupenta makoma oyera a fupa la canyon omwe angowonekera kumene kuti abwerere ku mtundu wawo wozolowera, kuti asaope alendo.
Zoonadi, si alendo omwe ayenera kutenthedwa ndi kuchepa kwa Nyanja ya Mead, koma ma moguls a Strip. Iwo ndi ogulitsa zachinyengo. Mirage yayikulu kwambiri mtawuniyi si kasino wonyezimira wonyezimira, wokhala ndi dziwe lopanda pamwamba (ndalama zolowera $ 40) ndi aquarium yoyipa, koma chinyengo chamadzi. Pokhala pansi pa beseni la Mojave, Las Vegas imanyowa ndi mvula yosakwana mainchesi anayi pachaka. Ndiwo avareji yakale. Tsogolo likuwoneka louma kwambiri. Komabe pali madzi paliponse pamzerewu: maiwe akulu a Nyumba yachifumu ya Kaisara, mathithi a ku Wynn, madambwe a gondola a ku Venetian, kasupe wovina ku Bellagio. Chinyengo chachikulu, chomwe chiyenera kusamalidwa pazifukwa zilizonse, ndikuti ku Vegas mulibe malire.
Pazaka 30 zapitazi, Vegas yasinthidwa kuchoka ku Sin City kupita ku malo ochezera abanja kukhala malo otsatsa osusuka opanda malire. Mutha kuthokoza Steve Wynn chifukwa cha kusintha kowopsa kumeneku, bambo yemwe adamenya chigongono chake kudzera pa Picasso "Le Rรชveโ posonyeza zinthu zake zotchuka kwambiri kwa anzake. Pambuyo pake Wynn adatsitsa chithunzi chomwe adasokedwanso cha mzimayi wodziseweretsa maliseche kwa $154 miliyoni kwa mnzake woyipa Stephen A. Cohen, bilionea hedge funder yemwe kampani yake ya SAC ikufufuzidwa mosalekeza za malonda amkati.
Wynn adapanga chizindikiro chake choyendetsa malo ochitira masewera a bingo ku Maryland. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, adabwera ku Vegas ndipo adapanga mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi Howard Hughes, zomwe zidamupatsa mamiliyoni angapo ndikuwongolera chidwi ku Golden Sands, komwe adakopa Frank Sinatra ndi gulu lake. Kusintha kwamasewera kunachitika mu 1989 pomwe Wynne adatsegula kasino woyamba wa mega-resort pa Strip yatsopano, Mirage, zipinda 3,000 za nyumba yachifumu yauchimo ya Polynesia yokhala ndi phiri lophulika. Ntchito yomanga Mirage idathandizidwa ndi mbuye wina wonyenga, mfumu yazachuma Michael Milken. Treasure Island ndi Bellagio, panthawiyo hotelo yodula kwambiri yomwe idamangidwapo, posakhalitsa zinatsatiridwa.
Mu 2005, Wynn atatsegula hotelo yake yayikulu ya 650-foot, komanso kasino kumpoto kwa Strip, adati akufuna kuyitcha Le Rรชve. Pamapeto pake, adasankha chinthu china chochepa kwambiri: Wynn. Zokongoletsera za Wynn (komanso nsanja yake yamkuwa yopindika ya Encore) ndi chithunzithunzi chanzeru chakum'mawa, chopangidwa kuti chisangalatse malingaliro a akalonga aku Saudi pakuyenda, oligarchs aku Russia ndi mamiliyoni oti awotche kumapeto kwa sabata, ndi ana a Kardashian. Mogwirizana mokongola ndi mutuwu, malo ochezerako ali ndi ziboliboli ziwiri zowoneka bwino (Papa ndi Tulips) ndi wojambula wazinthu zopanda pake: Jeff Koons. Zinandidabwitsa kuti chipinda chapansi pa Wynn ndiye manda abwino kwambiri a Koons's monic confections.
Pamapeto pake, Wynn adabwereketsa dzina la chojambula cha Picasso ku chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino pamalo ake ochezera. Le Rรชve (lomasuliridwa modabwitsa kuti 'A' Dream) ndi mtundu wamadzi yamkuntho, okhala ndi azibambo a dazi omwe amadumphira m'madzi ku Speedos, Flappers onyezimira akumenyetsa mawigi amtundu wa platinamu, ndi osambira omwe amawalitsa ma stiletto ofiira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, inde, loto lonyowa.
Koma malotowo akutha. Kuwerengera kukuyandikira. Madzi akutha. Masiku ano 90 peresenti ya madzi a mumzindawo amayamwa ku Lake Mead ndipo Nyanja ya Mead ikuphwa. Zoneneratu zaposachedwa zimaneneratu kuti nkhokwe yayikulu ikadzachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi 2021. Awerengeni: Ndizo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, ma bets onse atha. Palibe ngalande zamadzi kapena mapaipi adzidzidzi omwe angathandizire kuchepa kwa madzi. Masiku a Vegas awerengedwa. thana nazo, mwana.
Nditakhala pa bala mkati mwa piramidi yakuda ya Luxor, ndikuyang'ana gulu lachiwawa la ku Algeria likukankhira gulu lodzikuza la Germany kuti lithetsedwe mu World Cup, ndinayamba kukambirana ndi mwamuna wina wa ku Mexico wa ku America yemwe amagwira ntchito ku canyon. Kampani yake imagwira ntchito ya macabre. Amasodza matupi a odumphira: Otayika a Vegas, omwe akhudzidwa ndi matebulo amasewera, ovula okalamba ndi zingwe, omwalira, omwe atuluka, omwe afika pachimake chomaliza ndikudumpha chatsopano. Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, thambo likudumphira mumtsinje wa Colorado, mamita 840 pansi.
"Timadula matupi anayi kapena asanu pamwezi," amandiuza, akuponya Jack wake wachitatu ndi Coke masana. "Vegas akadali tawuni yovuta. Pamapeto pake mwayi wanu udzauma. Ukudziwa zomwe ndikutanthauza?"
Jeffrey St. Clair ndi mkonzi wa CounterPunch. Bukhu lake latsopano Killing Trayvons: an Anthology of American Violence (ndi JoAnn Wypijewski ndi Kevin Alexander Gray) lidzasindikizidwa mu June ndi CounterPunch Books. Angapezeke pa: [imelo ndiotetezedwa].
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama