February 19, 2008, mu uthenga kwa anthu akwawo, Fidel Castro analengeza mwalamulo kuti sadzafuna pulezidenti watsopano nthawi. Mosakayikira, chinali chilengezo chofunika kwambiri cha mbiri yakale. Atakhala Prime Minister kwa zaka pafupifupi 18 (February 1959- Januwale 1976) ndi Purezidenti wa Republic kuyambira Disembala 2, 1976 mpaka Julayi 31, 2006, mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino wosinthira zaka za m'ma 1 adapuma pantchito pazandale masiku anayi chisankho chisanachitike. , yomwe idzasankhe mamembala a Bungwe la Boma ndi Bungwe la Nduna ndi pulezidenti wake (XNUMX).
Zifukwa za chisankhochi
Mkhalidwe wa thanzi la Fidel Castro, kumlingo waukulu, ukufotokoza chisankho ichi. Kuonjezera apo, adatsindika kufunikira kwa "maganizo ndi ndale" kukonzekera anthu a ku Cuba chifukwa cha kusowa kwake. Malinga ndi iye, inali “choyamba” chake. Chifukwa chazifukwa izi, adadziwitsa anthu aku Cuba zomwe akufuna. “Kwa anzanga apamtima, amene anandichitira ulemu waukulu pondisankha posachedwapa kukhala phungu wa Nyumba ya Malamulo […], ndikukuuzani kuti sindingafune kapena kuvomereza—ndibwerezanso—sindingafune kapena kuvomereza udindowu. wa Purezidenti wa Council of State ndi Commander in Chief. ” (2)
Mtsogoleri waku Cuba anali wodziwa bwino za nkhaniyi. "Ndikapereka chikumbumtima changa kuti ndikhale ndi udindo womwe umafuna kuyenda ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu, zomwe sindingathe kuchita chilichonse [...]. Nthawi zonse konzekerani zomwe zingachitike. Kukhala wanzeru pakuchita bwino monga olimba m'mavuto ndi mfundo yosaiwalika,” adatero. (3)
Chisankhochi, ndi chomveka kuyambira Fidel Castro, m'kalata yomwe adalemba December 17, 2007, anali atasonyeza kale chikhumbo chake cha “kusamamatira ku maudindo” ndi “kukhala wokhazikika kufikira mapeto.” (4) Anthu aku Cuba adalandira nkhaniyi mosadabwitsa, modekha komanso mwabata, komanso ndi chisoni china monga momwe ziwonetsedwera zingapo zothandizira ndi mgwirizano ndi mtsogoleri wawo ku likulu ndi dziko lonse. (5) “Anthu ambiri ali achisoni lerolino,” inatero Associated Press. "Cuba idalonjera kusiya ntchito kwa Castro Lachiwiri ndi bata lomwe linali lodabwitsa […]. Zinali ngati tsiku lina lililonse ... Palibe amene ankawoneka woopa kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi - makamaka kugwa kwathunthu - kwa dongosolo la sosholisti," inawonjezera bungwe la atolankhani la US. (6)
Zochita mu United States
Pankhani ya United States, ndemanga "zosokoneza" zachuluka ndipo, monga mwa nthawi zonse, zadzaza ndi mkokomo wautsamunda. Purezidenti Bush adanena kuti "mayiko onse akuyenera kugwira ntchito ndi anthu aku Cuba kuti ayambe kumanga mabungwe oyenerera a demokalase." Woimira pulezidenti wa Republican wa Arizona Senator John McCain anatsindika kufunika "kukakamiza boma la Cuba."(7)
Ngakhale woimira demokalase a Hillary Clinton, adawonetsa kulephera kwake kudzipatula ku mfundo zachikale za White House. "Tikufuna purezidenti yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi, ndi Europe, ndi Western Hemisphere kuti akakamize Cuba” (8)
Senator wa Democrat ku Connecticut a Christopher Dodd, adayambitsa chenjezo loti: "Kuletsa kwa US ku Cuba ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosathandiza komanso zobwezeretsanso m'mbiri yakunja. Lero, a United States potsiriza ali ndi mwayi woyambiranso. Republican Congressman kuchokera Arizona, Jeff Flake, adathandizira poyera "njira yatsopano yolowera Cuba ndi US boma.” (9)
Tsiku lomwelo monga chilengezo chovomerezeka cha Fidel Castro, 104 US Mamembala a Congression mwa onse 435, adatumiza kalata yotseguka kwa Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice kufuna "kuwunikanso mozama" Washingtonndondomeko ya Cuba. “Patadutsa zaka 50, yakwana nthawi yoti tiganizire ndi kuchita zinthu mwatsopano.” Osaina anagogomezera kusowa kotheratu kwa zotsatira. “Kwa zaka makumi asanu, US ndondomeko yayesera zilango zachuma ndi kudzipatula kwa diplomatic kukakamiza kusintha Cubaboma la. Kutsatana mwadongosolo kukuwonetsa kuti ndondomekoyi sinagwire ntchito. ”(10)
Koma a John Negroponte, wachiwiri kwa Secretary of State, adanenetsa kuti anachronistic ndi nkhanza zachuma chilango pa Cuba sichidzachotsedwa ndi kuti ndondomeko yachidani kwa Cuba zikadapitilira njira yake. (11)
Mawu awa akuwonetsa Washington'kulephera kuvomereza zenizeni za woimira payekha komanso wodziimira payekha Cuba. Munjira yankhanza, yosimidwa komanso yotsutsana, a United States sachitira chifundo wamng’ono; Dziko Lachitatu dziko lomwe likukana kugwada, popanda kuvomereza kuti njira yake yozungulira yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa theka la zaka ndi kulephera kochititsa chidwi.
Zochita za ku Ulaya
Mayiko a European Union sanasonyeze nzeru, kubwereza Washington's rhetoric ndi kuiwala izo Havana sichilola kusokonezedwa kulikonse m’zochitika za mkati mwake. Prime Minister waku France François Fillon adafuna "kusintha kwaulamuliro waku Cuba kupita ku demokalase." (12) Nduna ya Briteni yowona za ubale wakunja idakhazikitsa pempho la "kulemekeza kwambiri ufulu wa anthu" komanso kusintha kwakukulu pandale ndi zachuma. Mu Brussels, Javier Solana, woimira wamkulu wa Foreign Policy and Common Security of the European Union, ananenanso za “ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa demokalase.”(13) Purezidenti wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Ulaya, Hans-Gert Pottering, anatengeranso mawu omwewo. (14)
ngakhale Spain, zomwe zidathandizira kukonza ubale ndi kukambirana ndi Havana, sakanatha kupeŵa kunena mawu osavomerezeka ndi onyansa kwa anthu aku Cuba. Kazembe waku Spain ku Washington, Carlos Westendorp, adati za nkhaniyi: "Titha kusagwirizana ndi anthu aku Cuba komanso anzathu ku Cuba. United States mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano ndi Cuba, koma ndiwo machenjerero ochuluka kuposa machenjerero.” (15)
Cholinga chonenedwa cha Washington ndi kubwerera Cuba ku mbiri yake ya neocolonial, monga momwe lamulo la Torricelli la 1992 ndi lamulo la Helms Burton la 1996 likusonyezera, komanso malipoti awiri a Commission for Assistance for a Free Cuba a 2004 ndi 2006. (16) Madrid kutsata cholinga chomwecho sikungowonjezera manyazi ndi ndondomeko yamantha.
Italy, ngakhale ikufuna kuchotsedwa kwa zilango zandale ndi zamadiplomatiki komanso malo osavomerezeka a Common Position omwe Europe imalimbikitsa. Cuba, sichinalinso chouziridwa, ngakhale kuti chinali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa kwambiri. Undersecretary of Foreign Relations ku Latin America Donato De Santo, adanenanso za "kusintha kwa demokalase" komanso "kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu." (17)
Mayiko a Dziko Lakale adawonetsa kulephera kwawo kotheratu kutengera ndondomeko ya pragmatic, popanda US chikoka polemekeza Cuba. Kudzikuza ndi kudzikuza zinali zoonekeratu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Brussels anasonyeza kusowa kotheratu kwa makhalidwe abwino pophunzitsa Cuba za demokalase ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe, zomwe malipoti apachaka a Amnesty International adawonetsa. (18) Koma ndizovuta kwa a Dziko Lakale kudzimasula yokha ku kudzimva kukhala wapamwamba zomwe zimawazindikiritsa iwo.
Zomwe zikuchitika ku Latin America ndi Dziko Lachitatu
In Latini Amerika, zimene anachita zinali zosiyana. Evo Morales wa ku Bolivia ananena kuti apitiriza kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi Cuba. "Zikunena za ubale wa boma ndi boma, boma ndi boma, zomwe sizidalira munthu m'modzi." (19)
Purezidenti wa Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ananena kuti “ndondomekoyo inayamba modekha […] Ndili ndi ulemu waukulu kwa anthu aku Cuba ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti ndi anthu andale kwambiri padziko lapansi […] Munthu aliyense amasankha ulamuliro wawo wandale ndipo tilola anthu aku Cuba kusankha zomwe akufuna kuchita. Anthu aku Cuba ndi okhwima kuti athetse mavuto awo. ” (20) Lula adakumbukiranso kuti, "Fidel ndiye nthano yokhayo m'mbiri ya anthu." (21)
Boma la Mexico linanena za "chikhumbo chawo chofuna kupitirizabe kupita patsogolo pa ntchitoyi, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa miyezi ingapo yapitayo, cholinga chokhazikitsanso ubale waulemu komanso wopindulitsa pakati pa Mexico ndi Cuba," ndikuwonjezera kuti "kutengera kufunika kwa mgwirizano wa Mexico ndi Cuba. , boma la Mexico lidzapitirizabe kulabadira zochitika zandale za m’nyengo yatsopanoyi ya mbiri ya Cuba, molemekeza kwambiri kudzisankhira ndi kufuna kwa anthu a ku Cuba.” (22)
Chile ndi Guatemala nawonso adalandira chisankho cha Fidel Castro. Purezidenti wa Guatemala, Álvaro Colom adati sizingakhudze mwanjira iliyonse "ubale wathunthu komanso wabwino kwambiri ndi Cuba.” (23) Mlembi Wamkulu wa bungwe la American States (OAS), José Miguel Insulza, anaumirira mfundo yakuti Cuba ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha. "A Cuba okha ayenera kukhala omwe, kupyolera mu zokambirana zomasuka ndi zamtendere, popanda kusokoneza kunja, amapeza njira yoyenera kwambiri ya moyo wa anthu awo. (24)
Kumbali yake, Purezidenti waku Venezuela Hugo Chávez adati Fidel Castro "adzakhala patsogolo nthawi zonse popeza amuna ngati Fidel sapuma pantchito." Mtsogoleri wa Bolivarian anawonjezera kuti, "anthu aku Cuba awonetsa dziko lapansi, ndipo koposa maufumu onse, kuti Kusintha kwa Cuba sikudalira munthu m'modzi, gulu, kapena mikhalidwe." (25)
In South Africa, bungwe lolamulira la National African Congress (NAC), linapereka ulemu kwa mtsogoleri wa dziko la Cuba pofotokoza kuti anali “nthano yamoyo.” "Anthu aku Cuba, motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Castro, adatenga nawo gawo paufulu wa anthu oponderezedwa mu Africa, makamaka South Africa, adatsindika mawu a NAC, pokumbukira kuti pafupifupi asitikali aku Cuba pafupifupi 300,000 adathandizira kuti dziko la Angola lidziyimire palokha komanso kugwa kwa dziko la Angola. tsankho. "Sikuti angothandizira pakusintha dziko lathu, koma apitiliza kuthandizira ntchito yathu yomanganso ndi chitukuko, kutumiza madotolo awo." Atsogoleri ambiri adziko lapansi nawonso adalandira chisankho cha Fidel Castro ndikuwonetsa mgwirizano wawo Cuba. (26)
Anthu aku Cuba adapeza kukhulupirika kwa machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amafalitsidwa panthawi ya February 20, 2008 Pulogalamu ya kanema wawayilesi ya Mesa Redonda. Malingaliro ake anali okhumudwa, monga nthawi zonse, pamene zinali za ufulu wawo pamaso pa kunyozedwa kwa mayiko ena akumadzulo, osatha kumvetsa kuti chinenero chokhazikika pa ulemu, kubwezerana komanso kusalowerera nkhani zamkati chimamveka ndi anthu aku Cuba.
Kunena za ndondomeko ya kusintha kungakhale kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Anthu aku Cuba sakufuna mwanjira iliyonse kubwerera kuchuma chamsika chomwe chingakhale chofanana ndi kuwukira motsutsana ndi kugonjetsa kwawo komanso ulamuliro wawo. Kunena zoona, ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo chisinthiko, yozika mizu mu mtima wa anthu aku Cuba ndipo, mosakayika, yosasinthika.
Iwo mu United States ndi Western Europe omwe ankaganiza kuti anthu aku Cuba adzalandira nkhani za kusiya ntchito kwa Fidel Castro mokondwera kunyalanyaza zenizeni za Cuba lero. Anthu ambiri amati amakonda, amasilira komanso amalemekeza kwambiri mtsogoleri wawo wandale, mbiri yakale, wamakhalidwe abwino komanso wauzimu. Komano, ngati anthu aku Cuba avomereza kuti Fidel Castro sakufuna kukhala purezidenti wa Republic, amakana kuti adasiya. udindo wake monga Commander in Chief.
Cuba sakhudzidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kapena kunyozedwa komanso kucheperako pakuwopseza. Boma lachisinthiko silingavomereze zofuna zilizonse kuchokera Washington kapena kuchokera Western Europe. Chowonadi ichi chiyenera kumvetsetsedwa ndi iwo omwe amayesa kusankha Cubatsogolo m'malo mwa anthu aku Cuba okha.
Kupitilira malingaliro aliwonse amalingaliro, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti Fidel Castro wapangitsa kuti dziko la José Martí lipeze ufulu ndi ufulu wake, kuti litha kupeza gawo lachitukuko chaumunthu chofanana ndi maiko otsogola kwambiri komanso kuti likhoza kusangalala ndi kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. kunja kwa zomwe zili zofala mu Dziko Lachitatu. Chifukwa chake, aku Cuba adzamuthokoza kwamuyaya.
zolemba
(1) Fidel Castro Ruz, «Mensaje del Comandante en Jefe», Granma, February 19, 2008.
(2) Ayi.
(3) Ayi.
(4) Fidel Castro Ruz, «Carta de Fidel a la Mesa Redonda», December 17,2007.
(5) Wolembayo ali mkati Havana.
(6) Will Weissert, «Castro Retirement Managed From Start», The Associated Press, February 19, 2008.
(7) The Associated Press, «Washington Zolemba za Castro. Boma la US likuchitapo kanthu pakusiya ntchito kwa Purezidenti wa Cuba Fidel Castro Lolemba», February 19, 2008.
(8) The Associated Press/El Nuevo Herald, «Washington ndi Raúl Castro como un 'dictador lite'», February 19, 2008.
(9) The Associated Press, «Washington Zolemba za Castro. Boma la US likuchitapo kanthu pakusiya ntchito kwa Purezidenti wa Cuba Fidel Castro Lolemba», op. cit.
(10) Agence France Presse, «Des parlementaires américains exigent un change de politique envers Cuba», February 19, 2008; Agence France Presse, "Opanga Malamulo aku US Alimbikitsa Kuwunikanso kwa Cuba Policy", February 19, 2008.
(11) The Associated Press, «US Ikuti Siidzakwezeka Cuba Embargo», February 19, 2008.
(12) Agence France Presse, «Fillon: la 'vraie question' pour Cuba est celle de la démocratie», February 19, 2008.
(13) The Associated Press/El Nuevo Herald, «Bush: Salida de Castro debe ser inicio de transición», February 19, 2008.
(14) Wilfredo Cancio Isla, «El fin de una era», El Nuevo Herald, February 19, 2008.
(15) Wilfredo Cancio Isla, «España favorece diálogo abierto con La Habana», El Nuevo Herald, February 19, 2008.
(16) Salim Lamrani, Fidel Castro, Cuba et les Etats-Unis (Pantin: Le Temps des Cerises, 2006), chapter IV.
(17) The Associated Press/El Nuevo Herald, «Expectativa mundial por renuncia de Fidel Castro», February 19, 2008.
(18) Amnesty International, 2007 Report.
(19) The Associated Press/El Nuevo Herald, «Expectativa mundial por renuncia de Fidel Castro», op. cit.
(20) Ayi.
(21) Libération, «Des appels à davantage de démocratie à Cuba», February 20, 2008.
(22) The Associated Press/El Nuevo Herald, «Expectativa mundial por renuncia de Fidel Castro», op. cit.
(23) Ayi.
(24) Gerardo Reyes, «Sorpresa y dudas en América Latina por renuncia de Castro», El Nuevo Herald, February 20, 2008.
(25) Agencia Bolivariana de Noticias, «Chávez: Fidel no renuncia, siempre estará en la vanguardia», February 19, 2008.
(26) Granma, «Personalidades mundiales elogian altura política de Fidel», February 21, 2008.
Salim Lamrani ndi pulofesa, wolemba komanso mtolankhani waku France yemwe amagwira ntchito pa ubale wa US-Cuba. Wafalitsa maudindo otsatirawa : Washington contre Cuba (Pantin: Le Temps des Cerises, 2005), Cuba face à l'Empire (Genève: Timeli, 2006) y Fidel Castro, Cuba et les Etats-Unis (Pantin: Le Temps des Ceris, 2006). Buku lake laposachedwa lotchedwa Double Morale. Cuba, l'Union européenne et les droits de l'homme (Paris: Editions Estrella, 2008).
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