M'mawa uno ndikuyamba komwe kudzakhala gulu lalikulu kwambiri la anthu ogwira ntchito zazakudya mwachangu m'mbiri ya US, pomwe mzinda wa New York City lero uyambitsa sitiraka m'mizinda isanu ndi iwiri kwa masiku anayi. Kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito omwe si a m'mabungwewa ndikomwe kukukulirakulira kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa gulu la ogwira ntchito lomwe likukumana ndi vuto lomwe silinachitikepo m'makampani omwe siali m'mabungwe, omwe chiลตerengero chawo chikukula komanso omwe mikhalidwe yawo ikufalikira kwina kulikonse mu chuma cha US.
"Ndikudziwa kuti mwatopa ndi kuvutika," wogwira ntchito ku KFC, Naquasia LeGrand, adauza antchito anzake omwe adasonkhana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi ndale pa msonkhano Lachitatu lapitalo kulengeza kuti ogwira ntchito ku New York City adavota kuti anyanyale sabata ino. "Sindikufuna kuwona m'badwo wotsatira ukuvutika ndi kuvutika. Sindikufuna kuti ana anga azunzike. Ndikufuna kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi tsogolo labwino kuposa ine." Poyang'ana khamu la anthu pafupifupi 150 pakhomo la Brooklyn's Prospect Park, LeGrand anawonjezera kuti, "Ndiye ngati ndikufuna kuti izi zichitike, ndikufuna inu anyamata kuti muyime nane bola ndiime nanu."
Monga momwe Salon idanenera koyamba, ntchito yofulumira yazakudya idadziwika mu Novembala watha, ndikunyanyala antchito pafupifupi 200 amaketani osiyanasiyana ku New York City. M'miyezi inayi yapitayi, kuyenda kumeneko kwatsatiridwa ndi kuyimitsidwa kofananako kwa ntchito m'mizinda ina isanu, ndipo kumenyedwa kwachiลตiri ku New York City pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri. Chilichonse mwa ziwonetserozi chathandizidwa ndi Service Employees International Union ndi mabungwe am'deralo, ndipo aliyense wagawana zofuna zomwezo: kukweza $ 15 pa ola limodzi, ndi mwayi wopanga mgwirizano popanda kuopsezedwa ndi oyang'anira. Kunyanyala kwa sabata ino kudzaphatikizapo mizinda isanu mwa mizinda isanu ndi umodziyi - New York, Chicago, St. Louis, Detroit, ndi Milwaukee- ndi ziwiri zatsopano: Kansas City ndi Flint, Mich. May, adauza Salon kuti ayembekezere "zochitika zambiri zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira" kumeneko sabata ino.)"Ndikhoza kukhala ndikugwira ntchito ya anthu atatu" chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa antchito, wogwira ntchito ku McDonald Kareem Starks anandiuza pambuyo pa msonkhano wa Lachitatu, "komabe ndikupeza. adalipira malipiro amodzi." Starks, wazaka 30 wakale wogwira ntchito ku Parks Department, adati "zinali zovuta kuyesera kupeza malipiro ochepa, $ 7.25, ndikuthandizira ana anga awiri komanso kulipira lendi." Pamene tinkalankhula, munthu wina wogwira ntchito yodya zakudya zofulumira anafika kudzadzizindikiritsa, kuyamikira Starks pa zimene wangokamba kumene, ndi kumusonyeza chipsera pa mkono wake. "Nanenso ndidapsa," adauza Starks. "Koma bwana wanga samasamala."
Atafunsidwa mwezi watha pamene akugwirizana ndi mamembala a Congress kuti ayambitse kampeni ya "Raise Up America", wogwira ntchito ku St. Louis Jimmy John Rasheen Aldridge anauza Salon kuti "panali mantha ambiri" pamene iye ndi ogwira nawo ntchito atatu pa sitolo yake. anayamba sitalaka mu May. "Panali mwayi waukulu woti nditha kuchotsedwa ntchito," adatero Aldridge, "chifukwa ndi momwe, mukudziwa, chakudya chofulumira chimagwirira ntchito." Koma atabwerera ku ntchito imodzi, adanena kuti zomwe akugwira nawo ntchito zinali "Mukudziwa, anyamata inu mwatenga sitepe yomwe tonsefe tiyenera kuchita."
McDonald's ndi Wendy's sanayankhe zopempha Lachisanu kuti apereke ndemanga. Atafunsidwa za sitalakayi, wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa Domino, a Tim McIntyre, adatumiza imelo kuti: "Mwayi ulipo kwa aliyense m'dongosolo lathu yemwe ali wokonzeka kugwira ntchito molimbika ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuti akwere pamlingo wina. Chifukwa chake, sitiyang'ana munthu payekhapayekha. nkhani ya malipiro." Pazifukwa kuphatikiza "kukwera kwakukulu" ku Domino komanso kuti "nthawi zambiri timakhala ntchito yachiwiri ya anthu," adatero McIntyre, "sitikhulupirira kuti mabungwe ndi ofunikira pamtundu wathu ..."
Mu pepala lomwe linatulutsidwa sabata yatha, National Employment Law Project yomwe ikupita patsogolo idatsutsa zonena za kusamuka. Kutengera kuwunika kwa kalembera wa anthu, NELP idalemba kuti, "Mwayi wopita patsogolo m'makampani ogulitsa zakudya zofulumira ndi wochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mafakitale ena: 2.2 peresenti yokha ya ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa zakudya zofulumira ndi ntchito zoyang'anira, akatswiri, kapena luso, poyerekeza ndi 31 peresenti ya ntchito m'chuma chonse cha US ..." NELP inanena kuti ntchito zotsogola zachangu zimalipira pafupifupi $8.94 pa ola.
Kaya ogwira ntchito atha kusintha makampaniwo - osati kungoyembekezera kuti akukwera - zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pa tsogolo la ogwira ntchito. Choyamba, chifukwa ntchito zachakudya zachangu zikuyimira kwambiri ntchito yaku US: kulipidwa kosakwanira, chitetezo chochepa cha ntchito, kuyembekezera nthawi zonse kukhala ndi nkhope yachimwemwe kwa makasitomala, ndipo palibe mabungwe.
Ndipo chachiwiri, chifukwa - kutsatira ziwopsezo zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka makumi ambiri pazachuma, milandu, ndi ndale - njira ya kampeniyi ikuyimira njira zina zomwe okonza akuyesera kuti atuluke m'mabokosi omwe atsala pang'ono kufa. Zina mwa izo: Poganizira kulephera kwa lamulo kukakamiza makampani kuti achite malonda pamodzi ngakhale ogwira ntchito atafuna, komanso malire a kampeni zotsutsana ndi makampani zomwe sizikhudza kwambiri ogwira ntchito, ena ogwira ntchito omwe sali m'bungwe amalandira malipiro ochepa. menyani. Poyang'anizana ndi zosintha zomwe zapangitsa kuti kumenyedwako kukhale kowopsa komanso kosagwira ntchito, akukulitsa mikangano yanthawi yochepa yochitidwa ndi anthu ochepa ogwira ntchito kuti ayambitse kulimbikitsana kwina, kuchititsa manyazi kasamalidwe, komanso kuchititsa chidwi ndi anthu, ndikuchepetsa (koma osachotsa) chiwopsezo cha antchito adzachotsedwa ntchito.
Kumenyedwa kumeneku kumalimbitsa ndikukulitsa ntchito zina zambiri za kampeni, kuyambira pamilandu yomwe ogwira ntchito ku Seattle adayimba mlandu "kuba malipiro," mpaka atolankhani aku khothi lamilandu kuti achite manyazi a McDonald's chifukwa chowerengera bajeti yomwe adapereka antchito ake omwe amalandila malipiro ochepa. Jonathan Westin, yemwe amatsogolera kampeni ya Fast Food Forward ku New York, adauza Salon kuti akukayikira kuti ma TV a dziko lonse akadakhalabe pa nkhani ya bajeti ngati ogwira ntchito sanakakamize kutsutsana pamakampaniwo pochita sitiraka. "Antchito ochulukirachulukira akupitilizabe kuchitapo kanthu ndikupitiliza kulengeza za nkhondo yawo," adatero Westin, "ndipo zimayambanso kupeza chuma chachikulu kwambiri chamakampani ogulitsa chakudya, chomwe ndi dzina lawo. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndi zomwe timachita. 'akuyamba kuwona mwanjira yeniyeni. "
Kunyanyala ntchito sabata ino kudayamba Lachisanu usiku, pomwe ogwira ntchito adatuluka ku Brooklyn Domino's kutsutsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa wogwira nawo ntchito, Gregory Reynoso, kutsatira sitalaka yawo ya Epulo. Wowomberayo Jose Cruz adauza Salon kuti pafupifupi 90% ya ogwira ntchito otanganidwa madzulo adalowa nawo kuyimitsidwa, kukakamiza kuyimitsa katundu. (Ogwira ntchito m'malo ena awiri a Domino, Papa John's, ndi McDonald's nawonso adatenga nawo gawo pachiwonetsero cha Lachisanu.)
Ngakhale kuti ntchito yazakudya yofulumira yapewedwa makamaka kutsindika poyera kubwezera, mantha a ogwira nawo ntchito oti alandire chilango chosaloledwa ndi bungwe akadali chovuta chachikulu pa kampeniyi ndi zina zonga izo. Kunyanyala kwa Lachisanu kukufanana ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito yazakudya mwachangu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi sabata yatha, zomwe zidalimbikitsanso ogwira ntchito pazofuna zenizeni za sitolo, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa a Wendy's tsiku lotsatira chiwopsezo cha Novembala, chomwe chidagwiritsanso ntchito mwachindunji kutsutsa zomwe oyang'anira amawaganizira. kuyesa kuwombera wowombera (mosiyana ndi Reynoso, yemwe tsopano akugwira ntchito yokonzekera kampeni, kuti wogwira ntchito wa Wendy adabwezeretsedwa mwamsanga).
Mu imelo ku Salon, a Domino's' McIntyre adakana kubwezera ndipo adati Reynoso adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa "adagwira ndodo yake kangapo, kunyalanyaza lamulo loti ayime ndikugwiritsa ntchito zotukwana." Reynoso adauza Salon kuti wogwira ntchito ku Domino adamuuza atanyanyala mu Epulo kuti saloledwa kukambirana za mgwirizanowu ndi ogwira nawo ntchito, ndikuti akatsutsana, mkuluyo adamuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo. "Anamuchotsa ntchito chifukwa anali mtsogoleri wamkulu m'bungwe," adatero Cruz yemwe amagwira nawo ntchito. Reynoso adawonetsa chidaliro kuti National Labor Relations Board ivomereza.
Reynoso adati kuwirikiza kawiri kwa kutenga nawo gawo pakati pa kumenyedwa kwa New York mu Novembala ndi Epulo kumamuwonetsa kuti kuyesetsa "kunali kukula kwenikweni." "Zowonadi timafunikira chithandizo," adawonjezera. "Tikufuna thandizo lalikulu. Koma zimadalira ogwira ntchito. Tikapitiriza kuimirira, tikhoza kukudziwitsani. Zimadalira ife."
Katswiri wa zantchito ku City University of New York, Ruth Milkman, anati: โMonga njira yolimbikitsa anthu ku United States, ndiyabwino kwambiri. "Kampeni iyi yokha siyingasinthe zopinga zazikulu zopambana kuzindikirika kwa mabungwe masiku ano pantchito iliyonse yamagulu azigawo ..." Milkman adauza Salon dzulo. "Sindikuwona njira iliyonse kutsogoloku." Koma chifukwa chakukula kwamakampani azakudya mwachangu komanso kuchuluka kwa ogula pazakudya, a Milkman adatsutsa kuyesayesa - ngati kukukula mokwanira - kungachititse manyazi makampaniwo kuti akweze miyezo yake kuti ateteze mtundu wake. "Zikadakhala bwino," adatero, "zikhudza anthu ochulukirapo kuposa malamulo aliwonse amalipiro omwe tili nawo."
Chinthu china chingakhale cha kampani imodzi, yomwe ikukumana ndi zisokonezo zambiri, manyazi, ndi udindo walamulo, kusiya mgwirizano wamakampani mpaka pano ndi kusaina mgwirizano womwe ukutsegulira njira yokambirana pamodzi ndi antchito ake ambiri - mwinamwake. ndi choyambitsa chomwe chimafuna kuti opikisana nawo asayine kaye, mwina kufuna kuti SEIU isakonze masitolo ake kunja kwa dera linalake, mwinamwake kuvomereza pasadakhale ndalama zogulira pangano loyamba. Kumene mabungwe afika pakuchita izi m'mafakitale ena - nthawi zina okhudzana ndi kuvomereza kosagwirizana - awonjezera chikakamizo cha kuchedwa kuti atsatire zomwezo. Koma poganizira kukula ndi mphamvu yamakampani azakudya mwachangu, komanso kutsika kwamitengo yotsika komanso kuwongolera momwe amachitira bizinesi, yembekezerani kuti phanga lililonse kapena kunyengerera kumafuna kukwera koopsa kaye.
Pofunsidwa kutsatira kumenyedwa kwa Lachisanu usiku, a Jose Soto adakonza ziwonetsero zisanu ndi ziwiri za sabata ino ngati gawo lowonjezera. "Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, tikuyandikira ..." adatero. "Sitikhazikika mpaka titapeza zomwe tikufuna. Tipitiliza."
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