Gwero: Mkokomo
Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Rojava ndi chimodzi mwazoyeserera zolimbikitsa komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri mu boma lodzilamulira lomwe silinakhalepo. Ilinso limodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri, komanso kuphatikiza jenda, nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi Revolution ya Spain ya 1936, komanso a Zapatista ku Chiapas, Mexico. Ndipo komabe, anthu akunja kwa dera sadziwa pang'ono zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusintha komwe kukuchitika ku Rojava. Ndipo tsopano, gawo losinthali likuwukiridwa ndi asitikali ndi ndale - kukhalapo kwake pachiwopsezo.
Chotsatira ndi gawo loyamba mwa magawo atatu oyankhulana ndi anthu omwe akhala ndi ubale wopitilira Rojava, komanso omwe akhala nthawi yayitali m'gawo lachisinthiko. Magawo awiri oyamba a mndandandawu ndi Debbie Bookchin ndi Emre Şahin. Debbie, mtolankhani, wolemba, wokamba nkhani pagulu komanso wokonza mapulani ndi mwana wamkazi wa Murray Bookchin ndipo adakhala gawo la masika a 2019 ku Rojava. Emre, wophunzira waku Kurd PhD komanso womasulira, adakhala nthawi yayitali yachilimwe cha 2019, akuyenda m'matauni ndi mizinda 14 ku Rojava, akuchita kafukufuku komanso kufunsa mozama.
Gawo lachitatu ndi kuyankhulana ndi Carne Ross, Executive Director wa Independent Diplomat ndi wolemba. Carne anasiya ntchito yake monga nthumwi ya ku Britain, atatumikira m'mabungwe ambiri ndipo anali Mutu wa gawo la Middle East ndi Wachiwiri kwa Mutu wa Political Section ku UK Mission ku United Nations. Carne adapanga filimuyo, Accidental Anarchist, kutengera nthawi yake ku Rojava.
Kodi mumaganiza bwanji? Kodi ndi chiyani choyamba chomwe mungafune kugawana nawo pazantchito ku Rojava?
Debbie: Lingaliro langa lonse ndiloti tikuyang'ana anthu omwe akusintha kwambiri maubwenzi a anthu m'mbali zonse za moyo; chuma, ndale ndi chilengedwe. Pali kudzipereka pakusintha momwe anthu amapangidwira kwathunthu kuti munthu aliyense, m'mbali zonse za moyo, amve kuti ali ndi ulamuliro, ali ndi zonena, ali ndi mphamvu komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazosankha zomwe zimakhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Panali nthawi yayitali yokonzekera izi. Izi ndizosangalatsa, chifukwa anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kusintha kwa Rojava kunachitika usiku umodzi, koma sizinachitike. Gulu ili silinangobwera mwadzidzidzi kunena kuti, "O, nali lingaliro tiyeni tiyese izi." M'malo mwake, zinatenga zaka zambiri, kuyambira kale pansi pa kuponderezedwa kwa boma la Assad. Anali kuwerenga za izi ndikuwona chitsanzocho chikukula, pang'onopang'ono, kudutsa malire kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Turkey kumene matauni akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe timatcha izi. filosofi ya demokalase ya confederalist.
Kurds anali osankhidwa kukhala mameya m’matauni a kum’mwera chakum’maŵa kwa dziko la Turkey, ndipo mameya ameneŵa anali kulimbikitsa dala anthu potengera kuŵerenga kwawo malemba osiyanasiyana amalingaliro. Ndidziŵa kuti anali kuŵerenga buku la atate wanga, Murray Bookchin, popeza kuti zambiri mwa izo ziri m’Chituruki, ndiponso chifukwa chakuti Öcalan anazilimbikitsa. Iyi inali njira yoganiziridwa mosamala kwambiri yomwe inkafuna kudzipereka kwambiri ku maphunziro, magulu ophunzirira komanso kukambirana mobisa za mtundu wa anthu omwe alidi opatsa mphamvu kwambiri kwa anthu pamoyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Emre: Zomwe ndidapeza ndikuti ngakhale communial and anti-capitalist, kukonza zachuma kuli koyambirira ku Rojava, pali ma cooperatives opitilira 200 ndi masauzande amitundu ndi magulu osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira ntchito kudera lonselo. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi midzi, magulu a amayi ndi ulimi, ziweto, jenereta, zakudya zamzitini, zovala, zophika buledi, mipando ndi makampani okonza magalimoto.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pazachuma cha Rojava ndikutha kuwonekera pankhondo komanso kuletsa. Sindinaganizepo kuti maukonde okhazikika, ofunikira komanso osiyanasiyana amakoperani ndi ma communes atha kukhazikika pansi pamikhalidwe yotere pomwe ulamuliro wa chakudya komanso chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku cha mamiliyoni a anthu chili pachiwopsezo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa Rojava ndi njira zachindunji komanso zotenga nawo mbali za demokalase. Kodi mudatha kuyang'ana kapena kutenga nawo mbali mu chilichonse mwazo wotchuka misonkhano kapena zina za demokalase njira zopangira zisankho ku Rojava?
Debbie: Pachimake cha kusintha kwa Rojava ndi lingaliro ili la confederalism ya demokalase yomwe imachokera pa mfundo yakuti mphamvu zonse zimayenda kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba - zosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zinthu zimachitikira pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi, ndi Zapatistas ku Chiapas. kukhala wosiyana ndi lamulo limenelo. Lingaliro ndiloti anthu ndi amphamvu komanso athanzi kwambiri ndipo anthu amamva bwino akamva kuti zisankho zomwe zimakhudza miyoyo yawo zimachokera kumudzi osati kuchokera kwa woyimilira wosankhidwa yemwe akuyenera kudziwa zomwe zili zabwino kwa anthu ammudzi. Kumeneko ndikosiyana kwambiri ngakhale ndi zomwe tingatchule demokalase ya sosholizimu ku US. Zimatanthawuza kuti mmalo mwa mphamvu yothamanga kuchokera pamwamba imachokera pansi, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu amakhala ndi ndalama m'madera awo.
Ndidawona anthu akubwera pamodzi pamisonkhano yam'deralo, yomwe imayambira pamalo amderalo - gawo lofunikira ndi gawo lapafupi - ndipo amalankhula za mitundu yonse ya zinthu zomwe zimawakhudza, kuyambira zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mpaka zosowa zokhudzana ndi magetsi ndi intaneti. kupezeka - zinthu zonse zomwe zimachitika pamlingo wamba, kuphatikiza chitukuko chachuma. Amapanga zisankho limodzi, nthawi zambiri mogwirizana, nthawi zina povota ndiyeno amapempha kuti udindo wawo pa udindo wina uimilidwe ndi nthumwi.
Nthumwi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi kungosankha munthu potengera ndale, monga mwachitsanzo tili ku US. Nthumwi imayankha ku msonkhano kapena gulu lomwe idatumizidwa, ndipo ngati sakuyimira malingaliro a gulu ndiye kuti akhoza kukumbukiridwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu alidi ndi mawu achindunji pamlingo uliwonse. M’chochitika chirichonse nthumwi zimalamulidwa ndi anthu ammudzi, kapena bungwe nthaŵi zina, ndipo zimenezi zimapita mpaka ku gulu logwirizana la nthumwi zomwe zimakumana kuti zigamule ndondomeko ya chigawo chonse. Malamulo onsewa amawonetsedwa ndi makhonsolo ang'onoang'ono ndi ma communes, ndipo ngakhale kuti anthu sapeza zomwe akufuna nthawi zonse, onse amakhala ndi zonena ndipo pamakhala kukambirana ndi kukangana.
Anthu amakumana ngati oyandikana ndipo amadziwana maso ndi maso. Izi zakhala ndi zotsatira zodabwitsa pokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsanso maubwenzi pakati pa mafuko osiyanasiyana omwe adalimbikitsidwa kuti azimenyana wina ndi mzake pansi pa ulamuliro wa Assad. Imodzi mwa njira zimene iwo ankachititsa kuti anthu azikhumudwa ndiyo kuyambitsa mikangano ya mafuko. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri za kuphedwa kwa Hevrin Khalaf [wapampando wa chipani cha Future Syria Party] ndi asitikali aku Turkey: adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndikuyesera kupitiliza kukhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mafuko osiyanasiyana. Ichi chinali gawo lofunikira la zomwe ndidawona ku Rojava, ndipo izi zidali zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Kwa ine ndi chitsanzo cha zomwe tiyenera kuchita kulikonse, zomwe zikupereka mphamvu kwa anthu amderalo.
Ndinayenera kupita ku misonkhano ikuluikulu yambiri, zomwe zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m’tauni ya Derik, yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri ndithu, ndinachita nawo msonkhano umene anthu ankakambirana zoyenera kuchita pa nkhani ya zaumoyo, makamaka za matenda a shuga. Ndinamvetsera lipoti la Komiti ya Zaumoyo ya Derik ya momwe angaphunzitsire anthu ammudzi pankhaniyi, ndi momwe angapitire khomo ndi khomo kukalankhula ndi anthu za nkhaniyi. Iwo amalumikizana ndi chipatala chakumaloko kutumiza anthu ndikuwathandiza kupeza maphunziro a momwe angayendetsere izi.
Chimene chinandichititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ichi chinali lingaliro lakuti anthu ali ndi mphamvu, malingaliro akuti amatha kusintha miyoyo yawo ndi ya anansi awo. Anthu ammudzi amabwera ndi ndondomeko pamodzi momwe angafikire anthu, momwe angadziwitse anthu ammudzi, momwe angagwirire ntchito ndi makomiti ena, ndi zina zotero. Zosowa zonsezi zimachitidwa ndipo ndizopatsa mphamvu komanso zokondweretsa kuona momwe izi zimakhalira. anthu amaona kuti angathe kuchita zinthu limodzi ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo mmadera mwawo.
Emre: Ndinachitira umboni misonkhano ikuluikulu m’midzi yakumidzi ndi m’tauni. Pali masauzande ambiri am'midzi kudutsa Rojava, ndipo mamembala am'matauniwa amakumana pafupipafupi kuti apange zisankho pazochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku za madera awo. Mwachitsanzo, ndinapita kumudzi wa Carudi, pafupi ndi tawuni ya Derik kumpoto chakum’maŵa kwa Syria chakumayambiriro kwa August, 2019, ndipo ndinachita nawo msonkhano wa m’mudzimo.
Msonkhanowo unachitikira m'munda wotchedwa "Şehid Kani" ("Martyr Kani"), dimba lomwe anthu onse amudzi amasamalira komanso kusamalira. Mabanja amasinthana kusamalira dimba ndi kulima ndiwo zamasamba pamenepo, ndipo ndalama zomwe amapeza pogulitsa ndiwo zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga kanyumba kakang'ono ka zaluso ndi chikhalidwe kwa achinyamata ammudzimo.
Panthaŵi imene ndinapita ku msonkhanowo, ntchito yomanga malo ochitirako zojambulajambula inali itaima chifukwa chakuti mafamuwo sankapeza ndalama zokwanira. Anthu akumudzi amakambirana za momwe angawonjezere ndalama zomwe amapeza kuti ayambirenso ntchito yomanga ndipo malingaliro angapo adapangidwa, monga kulima zokolola zosiyanasiyana ndikukulitsa dimba kuti lipeze phindu. Kenako zokambiranazo zidayimitsidwa kuti zilankhule za chiwopsezo chomwe chingachitike kuchokera ku Turkey ndikudzitchinjiriza, ndiyeno zokambiranazo zidabwereranso kumalo ojambula.
M’chochitika chirichonse chigwirizano chinafunidwa. Pazokambirana zawo zonse ndikukonzekera, mamembala ammudzi wa Carudi adawonetsa kuti akuzindikira chikhumbo chawo cha demokalase yopindulitsa. Pamene asilikali a ku Turkey adawombera mudzi wa Carudi ndi madera ozungulira posachedwapa, sankangoyang'ana mphamvu zodzitchinjiriza za m'mudzimo komanso mchitidwe wa demokarasi yowonjezereka komanso yopingasa yomwe imalimbikitsa mphamvu zopita patsogolo za derali.
Msonkhano uliwonse ndi wosiyana, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu komwe mungawone ndikuchokera kumidzi kupita kumidzi, monga momwe m'matauni ambiri amachitira misonkhano ikuluikulu, pamene misonkhano yakumidzi imakhala ndi zipembedzo zambiri. Nthawi zina mumaona amuna ndi akazi atakhala mbali zosiyanasiyana za chipinda kumudzi, monga ku Carudi. Msonkhanowo unachitika m’dimba, amuna ndi akazi anakhala mozungulira mozungulira, koma amuna anakhala mbali ina ya bwalolo ndipo akazi anakhala mbali ina. M'mizinda nthawi zambiri sizikhala choncho, komanso ngakhale pamilingo yapamwamba. N’zoona kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala wapampando wachimuna ndi wamkazi akukhala pamodzi.
Pamsonkhano woyandikana nawo womwe ndidapitako ku Qamishli, panali zokambirana zingapo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zikuchitika. Nkhani ina yotero inali yokhudza magetsi. Ngakhale kuti panali zovuta zina m'mbuyomu, magetsi adakhala odalirika. Chifukwa chake, anthu ena anali kunena kuti mgwirizano wa jenereta womwe adaukhazikitsa zaka zingapo zapitazo sungakhalenso wofunikira. Iwo ankakangana kuti kampaniyo imatengera nthawi ndi ndalama zochepa kuchokera kwa munthu aliyense mwezi uliwonse, ndipo pokhala ndi magetsi okhazikika, sizinkafunikanso kwenikweni. Kenako ena ankatsutsa kuti ngakhale kuti zinthu zili bwino pakali pano, angafunikirebe m’tsogolo.
Chosangalatsa apa ndikuti palibe njira imodzi yopangira zisankho kapena kuthetsa kusamvana kapena kusamvana. Palibe mgwirizano wofanana kuti mgwirizano udzafunidwa m'madera onse, kapena ngati zisankho zambiri zidzachitike. M'malo mwake, zimaganiziridwa pa malo aliwonse, pansi, kuchokera ku zochitika zenizeni kupita ku zochitika zinazake. Zosankha zambiri sizili zotsutsana, kotero kuti mgwirizano umagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri, monga m'dera la Qamishli, kumene anthu amaika patsogolo kuti panalibe chiopsezo chenicheni cha kuukira kwa Turkey, choncho adaganiza zokhala ndi mgwirizano wa jenereta. Nthawi zina nkhani zimakhala zokangana kwambiri ndiye anthu amasankha ngati akufuna kuti avotere anthu ambiri, kapena ayike chigamulocho mpaka patakhala zokambirana zambiri ndikugwirizana. Zili ngati kuyenda komwe a Zapatistas amasamalira, kulibe pulani, ndipo mumazindikira zinthu mukamayenda.
Ndipo zisankho zikapangidwa ndikugwirizana, pamakhala chikondwerero chaching'ono. Mutha kumva kuti anthu akuwona kuti akuchita zomwe sanagwiritse ntchito, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chili mbali ya kusinthaku, kotero anthu amaimba mokweza kuti, “Long Live Our Revolution” ndi “Women, Life, Freedom” ndi zina zotero.
Nanga utsogoleri?
Emre: N’zoona kuti pali anthu ena amene ali odziwika kwambiri kuposa ena, kapena amene mawu awo amalemera kwambiri kuposa ena. Panali anthu odziwa zambiri omwe ankatenga nthawi ndi malo ambiri kuposa ena pamisonkhano yomwe ndinapitako, koma mumatha kuonanso kuti anthu sankagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo. Kotero mwachitsanzo wazaka za 20, yemwe muzochitika zina kapena malo ena akhoza kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha msinkhu wawo, amapita kukachitapo kanthu pamisonkhano. Amayi ndi abambo, achichepere ndi achikulire, anthu amalankhula molimba mtima ndi kuzindikira kuti iwo ali mbali ya kupanga zisankho, osati kungolankhula kuti amvedwe, koma mozindikira pothandizira popanga zisankho.
Munthu amamva zambiri za kusintha kwa akazi ku Rojava. Kodi zina mwa zomwe mwawona ndi zotani?
Emre: Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zachitika pakusintha kwa Rojava ndi gawo lalikulu la jenda pagawo lililonse la moyo komanso maubale. Azimayi amatenga nawo mbali m'mabungwe andale, azachuma, ankhondo, ndi omwe ali ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha pamene nthawi imodzi akugwira ntchito zamabungwe omwe ali ndi amayi okha. Mwachitsanzo, pali maofesi a Aborî Giştî (“General Economy”) m’tauni iliyonse ndipo maofesiwa amagwira ntchito ngati nthambi zodziyimira pawokha zomwe zimayang’anira kayendetsedwe ka chuma m’dera lanu. Maofesi onsewa ali ndi azitsogoleri awiri, mkazi mmodzi ndi mwamuna mmodzi, ndipo amuna ndi akazi amapanga osachepera 40 peresenti ya umembala wawo wonse. Palinso maofesi a Aborî Jin ("Women's Economy") m'tauni iliyonse ndipo ali ndi ntchito yofanana koma amapangidwa ndi amayi okha ndipo amagwirizanitsa pakati pa ma cooperatives ndi magulu a amayi.
Mabungwe awiriwa amagwira ntchito mofanana komanso mogwirizana, komabe pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Nthambi za amayi zili ndi mphamvu zovotera pazosankha za nthambi zonse, koma osati mosemphanitsa. Mfundo imeneyi imagwiranso ntchito kuzinthu zina monga ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Azimayi ndi mabungwe awo amagwira ntchito, osati ngati zipani zazikulu zomwe zimapanga gulu lapamwamba, koma ngati oteteza ndi atsogoleri achipongwe ku Rojava. Udindo woyamba uwu ukhoza kuwonedwa ngakhale momwe amayi amayendera, kulankhula, ndi kulinganiza m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Chakumapeto kwa Juni, 2019, ndidayendera kasitolo kakang'ono komwe kamagwira ntchito ndi azimayi ku Rimelan. Azimayi atatu amene ndinakumana nawo ndi kuwafunsa mafunso kumeneko anadzidalira ndi kutsimikiza mtima, monga momwe akazi ambiri okhala ku Rojava. Monga momwe ofunsidwawo adanenera momveka bwino, lingaliro lawo lotcha sitolo yawo "Nudem" ("Nthawi Yatsopano") m'tauni momwe malonda amalamuliridwa ndi amuna, akuwonetsa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa machitidwe a amuna ndi akazi omwe akuchitika m'derali.
Ku Rojava kuli azimayi ambiri omwe amavala scarves kumutu, ngakhale ndi malo omwe mumawona masilafu ochepa kuposa ambiri m'derali. Komabe, kuposa zovala kumutu zinali mmene akazi ankagwiririra, mmene amayendera. Kuyenda molimba mtima, osadikira kuti amuna alankhule kaye pa nkhani inayake pamsonkhano. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo ambiri ku Turkey, chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, yachibadwidwe, ndale ndi malingaliro, amayi pafupifupi sadzakhala pafupi ndi mwamuna mu basi ngati pali mipando ina iliyonse. Koma ku Rojava, ndikakhala m’basi ya anthu onse, ndinkaona azimayi amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana akubwera n’kudzakhala pafupi nane mopanda mantha kapena kukayikira chifukwa saganiza kuti ayenera kukhala kwinakwake kuti adziteteze kwa ine.
Iyi inali njira imodzi yomwe ndimatha kuwona kuti amayi sanali kungotenganso udindo wawo ngati akazi, komanso amawonekera komanso otsutsa muzochita zawo zatsiku ndi tsiku.
Debbie: Ndinali ku Rojava koyambirira kwa chaka cha 2019, pomwe kusinthaku kunali kukuchitika kale kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kotero ndidawona m'badwo wa azimayi omwe adakalamba pachisinthiko chimenecho. Ndinathera madzulo ena ndikulankhula ndi akazi aŵiri ndi mmodzi wa ana awo aakazi amene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 16—kutanthauza kuti anali ndi zaka 10 zokha pamene zonsezi zinayamba. Chisangalalo chimene anafotokoza nacho tanthauzo la kukhala m’chitaganya chatsopano, mmene akazi ali ofanana kwenikweni ndi amuna, chinali chondikhudza mtima kwambiri. Poyankha ndemanga yanga yoti kusinthaku kudali pachiwopsezo nthawi zonse adayankha, "Sitibwereranso, izi zatsala, sitibwereranso." Kenako anawonjezera kuti iye, azilongo ake ndi anzake kusukulu amadziwa mmene zimakhalira m’dziko lomasuka.
Si ntchito yabwino koma pamisonkhano yomwe ndimapitako, theka la chipindacho chinkadzadza ndi amayi nthawi zonse. Misonkhano yovomerezeka nthawi zonse imakhala yogwirizana ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi mmodzi, ndipo osati izo zokha, koma ngati mwachitsanzo mwamunayo anali Chikurdi, ndiye kuti mpando wake wamkazi udzakhala wa fuko lina.
Ndinakhala nthaŵi yochuluka ndikulankhula ndi mkazi Wachikristu wa ku Kobane amene ananena kuti aka kanali koyamba kukhala opanda mantha, kuti anadzimva kuti alidi mbali ya gulu lolamulira la mzindawo. Ndipo ngakhale kuti anthu a mtundu wa Kurds ndi ambiri mu mzindawu, iye ananena kuti monga Akhristu aka kanali koyamba kuti azimasuka kupembedza ndi kutenga nawo mbali pagulu.
Kuyenda kwa amayi kumakhala kolimba kwambiri. Ndinkayembekezera kuti ndiziwona mwanjira ina, ndipo ngakhale ndimadziwa kuti malinga ndi Rojava Charter payenera kukhala 40 peresenti pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mkati mwa bungwe lililonse la ndale, koma sindimayembekezera kuwona momwe gulu la amayi linalili lamphamvu kufikira nditapeza. Apo.
Ndili ndi chithunzi chokongola ichi cha azimayi atatu omwe ndimangonena za iwo ndipo kuyang'ana m'maso ndikolunjika kwambiri ndipo ali ozama komanso oganiza bwino ndipo mutha kuwona m'maso mwawo. Azimayiwa amati, "Tipanga tsogolo lathu, ndipo palibe njira ina patsogolo pathu koma kumasulidwa kwathunthu kwa akazi." Ndinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zimenezo. Azimayiwa anandiitanira m’nyumba mwawo ndipo anakhalabe mpaka XNUMX koloko m’mawa akumandilankhula za nkhaniyi. Ndikuganiza kuti tinakambirana kwa maola asanu za anthu, Rojava ndi zomwe zikutanthauza kwa iwo. Panali lingaliro limeneli la mgwirizano wa mibadwo yosiyana pakati pawo. Mayi wa mtsikana amene ndinalankhula naye ankanyadira kwambiri ntchito imene anagwira polera mwana amene ankakhala m’gulu la anthu omasuka.
Debbie Bookchin ndi mlembi, mtolankhani wopambana mphoto komanso mkonzi wina wa Kusintha Kotsatira: Misonkhano Yotchuka ndi Lonjezo la Demokalase Yachindunji (Verso, 2014), zolemba zolembedwa ndi Murray Bookchin.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama
1 Comment
Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yanu komanso nkhaniyi.
Kupangitsa kuti gulu lotenga nawo mbali lichitike pamalo ano panthawi ino kumapangitsa mwayi woti uzika mizu m'maiko ena ambiri uwoneke ngati zotheka.