Pa imodzi mwazowonetsa pa TV pa TV, kukopa kwa gawo laposachedwa kudakhala motere: "Kuli bwino kuwonera zomwe mukunena." Kenako wolengezayo anafotokoza kuti, mโnthaลตi zowopsa zino, kufotokoza malingaliro ena kungakuchotseni ntchito. Zinali zongochitika mwachisawawa, zachipongwe, nkhani ina chabe yazambiri kwa owonera omwe anali ozolowera kumva kuti ufulu wawo ukulandidwa. Mzere wovomerezeka ndikuti "akuyimitsidwa" - ngati kuti tikuletsa kwakanthawi kulembetsa.
Koma kungokhala chete sikuli koipitsitsa. Choipa kwambiri ndi chakuti anthu ambiri ali okonzeka kusiya zachinsinsi, Bill of Rights, ngakhale ufulu wa anthu, kuti adziteteze ku ziwopsezo.
Chifukwa chake, tsopano tili ndi lamulo la USA Patriot Act, lomwe limayimira "Kugwirizanitsa ndi Kulimbitsa America Popereka Zida Zoyenera Zoyenera Kuletsa ndi Kuletsa Uchigawenga." Mwa zina, amalola kutsekeredwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa kwa anthu omwe si nzika zomwe zimathandizira ntchito zovomerezeka zamagulu - ngati boma likunena kuti ndi mabungwe achigawenga. Gululi siliyenera ngakhale kulembedwa mwalamulo ngati zigawenga. Mtolo wa umboni uli pa wosamukira kudziko lina, yemwe ayenera kutsimikizira kuti samadziwa kuti mayanjano ake angakhale oopsa.
Zomwe zimadzutsa funso: Kodi tanthauzo la uchigawenga ndi chiyani? M'lamulo latsopanoli, likuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito "chida kapena chida china chowopsa ... kuwononga kwambiri katundu. โ Kuwonongekako sikuyenera kuyambitsa ngozi iliyonse ya kuvulala. Ndizofalikira kwambiri kotero kuti anthu omwe akutsutsa WTO omwe amachita ziwopsezo zazing'ono zitha kukhala chandamale. Kapena anthu otsutsa kuchotsa mimba amene amachita zinthu zosamvera boma. Kapena otsutsa ku Vieques omwe amawononga mpanda. Aliyense wa iwo akhoza kukhala magulu achigawenga.
Nachi chitsanzo china. Gawo 411 la Patriot Act, lomwe limadzutsa lamulo la McCarthy Era lomwe limadziwika kuti McCarren-Walter Act, limalola boma kuti liletse nzika zovomerezeka kuti zibwererenso mdzikolo ngati Secretary of State atanena kuti alimbikitsa china chake chomwe chimalepheretsa ntchito zolimbana ndi uchigawenga. . Siziyenera kuyambitsa chipolowe. Kukhoza kungokhala kulankhula kotsutsana.
Pali zambiri. Monga kulola CIA kuti ipange zolemba pazochitika zotetezedwa ndi malamulo a anthu aku America ndikuchotsa kuwunika kwa milandu. Kapena monga kulandidwa ndi boma pamacheza a pafoni ndi pa intaneti popanda chilolezo cha khothi. Komabe zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kukumbukiridwa: Izi ndizochitika padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikubwerezedwa ku Europe konse, pakati pa malo ena, ndipo zochepa kwambiri ndi zatsopano.
Kupalamula Kusagwirizana
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa ufulu wa anthu kunayamba pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo. Pakati pa 1993 ndi 1998, bajeti ya FBI idachoka pa $78 mpaka $301 miliyoni. Kenako, mu 1996, chifukwa cha kuphulitsa mabomba ku Oklahoma City, Congress inapereka lamulo loletsa zigawenga. Zotsatira zake zinali za Joint Terrorism Task Forces, zomwe zinali kugwira ntchito mโdziko lonselo kalekale September 11 isanafike. Ndipo kodi anali kuchita chiyani? Makamaka akazitape magulu ogwira ntchito ndi Kumanzere. Tengani Portland, Oregon, yomwe ili ndi gulu logwira ntchito. Apolisi kumeneko adajambula ndikuyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka anthu ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo bungwe la International Longshoremen's Union. Magulu ena odana ndi kufalikira kwa mayiko anenedwanso kuti ndi zigawenga, monganso kusamvera kwa anthu pa intaneti.
Izi zisanachitike, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70, tinali ndi Cointelpro, pulogalamu yachinsinsi ya boma yosokoneza magulu osiyanasiyana - Kumanzere ndi Kumanja. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za mโma 70, anthu odana ndi zida za nyukiliya ankaonedwanso ngati zigawenga. Koma chobisika kwambiri chinali kuyesa kulembanso malamulo amilandu aku US. Inali ndalama ina yayikulu - masamba mazana ambiri omwe mamembala a Congress sanawerenge kwenikweni. Ndipo idakhala njira yoyendetsera boma la Nixon pothetsa kusamvana. Kupulumuka kuchoka kwa Nixon, pamapeto pake idagonjetsedwa - makamaka chifukwa inali yayikulu komanso chifukwa mgwirizano wa Kumanzere-Kumanja udatha kuimitsa.
Kuyesako kulembanso malamulo aupandu - ndikupangitsa kuti osagwirizana nawo akhale olakwa - kudathandizidwa ndi Strom Thurmond ndi Edward Kennedy mu 70s. Monga momwe zimakhalira kaลตirikaลตiri, kuphwanyira ufulu wachibadwidwe kunali nkhani ya mbali ziลตiri. Bili yaupandu ya Clinton era ndi chitsanzo.
Chilling Zotsatira
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za mโma 1940, tinali ndi lamulo loletsa kuukira boma, Smith Act. Idadutsa mu 1946, idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba motsutsana ndi atsogoleri a Socialist Workers Party. Pambuyo pake, idali yolunjika kwa aliyense amene akuluakulu amakayikira kuti ali ndi chifundo cha chikomyunizimu. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga imeneyo inakula, mwa zina, chifukwa chakuti ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene anali ndi mphamvu yoteteza amene anazunzidwapo. Poyang'anizana ndi kutsutsidwa pang'ono, kuponderezedwako kunasanduka chipale chofewa, ndi mantha ofiira kwambiri.
Chipani cha Socialist Workers Party, mwa njira, chinalinso chimodzi mwazolinga zazikulu pa pulogalamu ya 60s Cointel. Ndipo ndi chandamalenso lero, mwina choyimira chamtsogolo. October watha, woimira Socialist Workers kwa meya wa Miami adachotsedwa ntchito ndi Goodwill Industries. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi woyang'anira malowo chinali chakuti "mawonedwe a boma la US" a Michael Italie anali otsutsana ndi a kampaniyo. Palibe zabwino zambiri pamenepo.
Patapita mlungu umodzi, Lida Rodriquez-Tassef, pulezidenti wa Miami chaputala cha American Civil Liberties Union, anawonjezera vutolo. Iye anati, โOgwira ntchito alibe ufulu Wowonjezera Woyamba kufotokoza maganizo awo pandale ngati akugwira ntchito kwa olemba anzawo ntchito. Olemba ntchito ali ndi ufulu wa First Amendment kuyanjana ndi anthu amene amavomereza malingaliro awo.โ Mwachidule, ACLU sinatengere mlanduwo. Ndithudi, payenera kukhala zifukwa zomveka zalamulo. Koma m'mlengalenga - osanena mwamphamvu kuti anthu sayenera kuchita mantha kuti achotsedwa ntchito - kuyankha koteroko kumatumiza uthenga wodetsa nkhawa.
Tikabwerera mโmbuyo, tikufika panthaลตi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Chidaperekedwa mu 1917, chinali chida chotsekereza aliyense wotsutsa nkhondo, kulowa usilikali, kapena mkhalidwe wandale wadziko. Zotsatira? Kuukira kosaloledwa, kuthamangitsidwa kwakukulu kwa osamukira kumayiko ena, ngakhale kunyozedwa kwa otsutsa, asosholisti, mamembala a Industrial Workers of the World, ndi zigawenga zamagulu.
Mizu Ya Kuponderezana
Ndipo potsiriza, Haymarket - mphindi yomwe inasintha kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, ndikuyika chithunzi cha zigawenga zachilendo monga zigawenga zachiwawa mu psyche yaku America. Zinachitika ku Chicago mu 1886, panthawiyo mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku US. Zinali zopanga mafakitale mwachangu, ndipo zidakumana ndi anthu ambiri osamukira.
Kwa atolankhani ambiri, othawa kwawo anali akunja, achikomyunizimu, asosholisti, ndipo choyipitsitsa - ma anarchists - kutanthauza kwa anthu ambiri panthawiyo kuti anali adani a malamulo onse. Otsutsa ambiri adavomereza zolembedwazo ngati mabaji aulemu. Ndipo ambiri anali kufika ponena kuti kusintha kwamtendere kunayangโanizana ndi chitsenderezo chachiwawa. Iwo ndithudi anali ndi umboni. Kumenyedwa ndi zionetsero zamtendere zinali kusokonezedwa ndi apolisi okhala ndi zida zamphamvu, omwe amamenya komanso kupha anthu opanda zida. Amalonda anali kupanga magulu ankhondo achinsinsi, ndipo manyuzipepala anali kuyitanitsa kuti awononge. Mwanjira zina, zikufanana ndi gulu lomwe likulimbana ndi dziko lapansi. Malipoti a atolankhani amafotokozanso kuti ena mwa ochita ziwonetsero masiku ano ndi "otsutsa zachiwawa" komanso akunja.
Pa Meyi 1, 1886, m'dziko lonselo, antchito 300,000 adayika zida zawo, kuyitanitsa sabata lantchito lalifupi. Ku Chicago, anthu 40,000 ananyanyala ntchito. Patatha masiku atatu, anthu ambiri anaphedwa. Ndipo usiku wotsatira, pakuchita zionetsero, munthu wina anaponya bomba mโkhamulo, napha apolisi angapo. Ndendende chifukwa kukhazikitsidwa kumafuna.
Zotsatira zake zinali nthawi yochititsa manyazi kwambiri m'mbiri yazamalamulo ku US - mlandu wawonetsero pomwe anthu asanu ndi atatu, makamaka odzitcha kuti ndi a anarchist, adaweruzidwa chifukwa cha zomwe amakhulupirira komanso kunena. Palibe amene anali ndi chochita ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba, koma anayi a iwo anapachikidwabe.
Panthawiyi, nyuzipepala zinapanga kutanthauzira kowoneka kuti zigwirizane ndi mawu akuti anarchist: Munthu watsitsi lalitali, mwachiwonekere wachilendo, wamaso owopsya ndipo akugwira bomba loyaka m'dzanja limodzi. Izi zinakhala zikhulupiriro zolimbana ndi zigawenga zochokera kumayiko ena. Polumikiza kudana ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko ena ndikuwopa ziwawa, osindikiza adachita kampeni yothandiza yofalitsa kachilomboka - imodzi mwamayambiriro a dzikolo - yomwe idalemba "chithunzi chosagwirizana ndi America" โโkomanso chowopsa m'dzikolo.
Mobwerezabwereza kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nthawi iliyonse pamene bungweli latha kugwiritsa ntchito tsoka kapena chiwawa, ufulu wofunikira wakhala ukuphwanyidwa. Sizikhala nthawi zonse, koma pakhala kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali - osati pazolinga zomwe zatsala. Kuwonongeka kuli ku lingaliro lonse la kulankhula mwaufulu, ufulu wosonkhana, ndi ufulu wosonkhana.
Kukonzanso Mkangano
Ndiye, chochita? Chabwino, choyamba tiyenera kutsimikizira anthu kuti ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi wofunika. Panthawiyi, ambiri sakumbukira zomwe zili mu Bill of Rights. Ndipo ngakhale atamva za ufulu wolankhula, ambiri amaganiza kuti ndichinthu chomwe tingoyenera kuchita mpaka titadzimva kukhala otetezeka - nthawi iliyonse ikatero. Izi zikulozera ku ntchito yofunikira - pulogalamu yayikulu yophunzitsanso zomwe ufulu ulidi. Tiyenera kupitirira zofuna zathu ndi kutsimikizira mamiliyoni a anthu kuti ufulu wofunikira ndi wofunikira kwa aliyense - osati zosankha zomwe tingasankhe kapena kutaya malinga ndi momwe tikumvera.
Komanso, tiyenera kubwezeretsa chinenero. Izi zikutanthauza kutsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito mosasamala kwa mawu monga kukonda dziko lako ndi uchigawenga. Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbana ndi mphamvu zazikulu zofalitsa zabodza - mwanjira ina, media media. Mwachiwonekere, timafunikira zofalitsa zathu, ndipo tiyenera kukhala ochita bwino poyambitsa mkangano. Mwachitsanzo, kodi chitetezo chenicheni n'chiyani, ndipo kodi tingachipezedi mwa kusamala kwambiri?
Kumbali ina, tiyeneranso kupeza mfundo zomwe tingagwirizane nazo ndi amene ali akapolo a mantha. Sikokwanira kunena kuti akunamizidwa, kapena kukhala ndi makhalidwe apamwamba. Tiyenera kukulitsa chifundo, ndi kumvetsera kwambiri pamene tikulankhula.
Pomaliza, tiyenera kuyang'anizana ndi chikhalidwe chofalikira cha mantha ndi nkhani ya chiyembekezo yomwe ili yolimbikitsa komanso yokhutiritsa, yolimba mtima komanso yophatikiza, yokopa komanso yowona mtima. N'zosavuta kunena, koma zovuta kwambiri kuzisamalira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, choyamba tiyenera kukhulupirira kuti tsogolo labwino nโlotheka. Kuti mosasamala kanthu za chiwawa cha capitalism ndi chiwawa cha chikhazikitso, mgwirizano waumunthu ndi ufulu weniweni zingathe - ndipo nthawi zambiri - zimakhalapo.
Greg Guma akonza nyuzipepala ya Toward Freedom, yomwe ndi nkhani zapadziko lonse. Nkhaniyi yatengedwa munkhani ya Januware 22, 2002 ku Burlington, Vermont. www.TowardFreedom.com
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