Source: The Intercept
Chithunzi Wolemba Rena Schild/Shutterstock.com
Pomwe akatswiri azaumoyo Kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi kumayang'ana kwambiri kufalikira kwa coronavirus, bungwe la Environmental Protection Agency likupanga zosintha zomwe zitha kukulitsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika komanso kuyankha kwa miliri yamtsogolo. Kuphatikiza pa kusuntha mwachangu ndi dongosolo lochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku potengera deta yazaumoyo, EPA ikukweza kwakanthawi zofunikira pakukhazikitsa malamulo oyipitsa.
Kusintha kwa kukakamiza kumawopseza kwambiri anthu ngati Pat Gonzales. Gonzales, yemwe ali ndi zaka 53, wakhala ndi mphumu kuyambira pomwe adasamukira pafupi ndi malo angapo oyenga mafuta ku Pasadena, Texas, zaka 20 zapitazo. Ana ake atatu, omwe adakulira m'tawuni yakum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Houston, ayambanso kuvuta kupuma akukhala ku Pasadena. Chifukwa cha zotulukapo zosatha za kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikupanga anthu makamaka osatetezeka ku zotsatira za kachilomboka, Gonzales wakhala akukhala mkati, akusamba m'manja, ndikudandaula za thanzi la banja lake ndi wina aliyense yemwe ali ndi mapapu osokonezeka ku Pasadena. Iye anati: โTikapeza zimenezi, sizingakhale zophweka kuwasamalira.
Zambiri za EPA zimathandizira malingaliro a Gonzales kuti vuto la kupuma kwa banja lake ndi "zonse chifukwa cha zoyenga," monga adandiuza. Mu Okutobala, EPA anayeza milingo ya benzene pamzere wa Pasadena Refining Systems, womwe uli pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi kuchokera kunyumba kwa Gonzales, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri malire omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Pasadena Refining Systems, yomwe ili ndi kampani ya Chevron, ndi imodzi mwa malo osachepera 10 oyeretsera ku Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, New Mexico, ndi Texas omwe mpweya wawo wa benzene wakupha unaposa mlingo wa chitetezo m'gawo lomaliza la 2019.
Bungwe loyang'anira zachilengedwe, potchula mliri wa coronavirus, lidalengeza kuti likupatsa oipitsa mwayi waulere pakukhazikitsa malamulo oyipitsa. sabata yatha. Ndondomekoyi imachotsa zofunikira zambiri zomwe zimafunikira pakuwunika, kuyesa, kuyesa, ndi kusanthula kwa labu pakutulutsa kwamankhwala. Ndipo izi zitha kukhala zovuta kudziwa ngati malo oyeretsera a Pasadena - kapena malo aliwonse ogulitsa - akutulutsa kuyipitsa kowopsa.
Atafunsidwa za kusinthaku, wolankhulira EPA adatsimikizira mu imelo kuti "EPA sidzafunafuna zilango chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zowunikira komanso kupereka malipoti" koma adanenanso kuti bungweli lingachite izi "ngati, pazochitika ndi mlandu," EPA ikuvomereza kuti kusamvera koteroko kudachitika ndi mliri wa COVID-19. " Imeloyo idatinso, "Izi zinali zofunikira kuti tipewe kumangiriza nthawi ya ogwira ntchito ku EPA ndi mafunso okhudza kuwunika komanso kupereka malipoti m'malo mwake kulola EPA kuyang'ana kwambiri kuteteza thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe."
Koma kubwezeretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo azachilengedwe ndi imodzi mwamasitepe omwe bungweli likuchita mwakachetechete pakubuka kwa coronavirus zomwe zitha kukulitsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika komanso miliri yamtsogolo. Chitetezo chovuta ichi chikufooketsedwa pomwe akatswiri azaumoyo omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbana nawo m'malo mwake amayang'ana kwambiri kuwopseza kwachangu kwa kachilomboka.
Andrew Rosenberg, mkulu wa Center for Science and Democracy at the Union of Concerned Scientists anati: โAkupezerapo mwayi pazandale pavutoli pamene akudziลตa kuti nโkovuta kuyankha.
Chifukwa kusakakamiza kungayambitse kuchulukitsidwa kwa kuipitsidwa, lingaliro loyimitsa zinthu zambiri zofunikira pakuwongolera kuwononga kutha kuyika anthu oipitsidwa pachiwopsezo cha Covid-19 ngakhale kachilomboka kamafalikira mdziko lonse. "Ngati malire apitilira, ndiye kuti makampani akuyenera kukonza," atero a Eric Schaeffer, wamkulu wa Environmental Integrity Project. "Ngati sichinalembedwe, sayenera kutero. Nโchinthu choonekeratu kuti palibe choipa.โ
Malinga ndi a memo Susan Bodine, wothandizira woyang'anira ofesi ya EPA ya Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, yomwe idatulutsidwa sabata yatha, kuyimitsidwa kwazomwe zimafunikira nthawi zonse ndikuyankha kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito. "Zotsatira za mliriwu zitha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito komanso kupezeka kwa ogwira ntchito ndi makontrakitala komanso kuthekera kwa ma labotale kusanthula zitsanzo munthawi yake ndikupereka zotsatira," idatero.
Bungwe la American Chemistry Council, gulu lazamalonda lomwe likuyimira makampani opanga mankhwala, lidabwera kudzathandizira kuyimitsidwa, lomwe lidati "ndikofunikira chifukwa ogwira ntchito ndi zofunikira ziyenera kuperekedwa kuti zisungidwe ndikukwaniritsa kufunikira kwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zama mankhwala monga ma sanitizer. , mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mapulasitiki a anthu ogula, maboma ndi azaumoyo.โ
Koma magulu azachilengedwe akukankhira kumbuyo lingaliro loti kachilombo komwe kakufalikira mwachangu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya woipa. "Kuwona kuyang'anira ngati kulemba zolemba ndikosokeretsa," adatero Schaeffer. Bungwe lake, pamodzi ndi Louisiana Bucket Brigade, Public Citizen, Environment Texas, ndi magulu ena, kulembera Bodine sabata yatha kuti afunse EPA kuti atumize pa intaneti mapangano aliwonse ndi makampani olamulidwa kuti achedwetse kapena kuchepetsa zofunikira zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza "kulongosola momveka bwino momwe mliri wa coronavirus udapangira zisankho zotere komanso njira zomwe malo angatenge kuti achepetse zovuta zaumoyo wawo."
Ngakhale Schaeffer adavomereza kuti vuto laumoyo lomwe likukulirakulira litha kusiya makampani ena alibe antchito, akuda nkhawa kuti kutulutsidwa kwa bulangeti kungapangitse makampani ena kunyalanyaza malamulo achilengedwe popanda zotsatira zake. "Ngati aliyense ali pantchito yoyenga mafuta ndikupanga mankhwala, ndipo ndi ogwira ntchito anu okha omwe achotsedwapo, ndiye kuti afotokoze izi," adatero.
Kalata yamagulu azachilengedwe idafotokozanso za kuopsa kwa mayendedwe omwe angapangitse kuyipitsa kowopsa pa mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi. "Zochita zomwe zimalepheretsa kutulutsa [kwa] poizoni kapena zowononga mpweya zomwe zimakulitsa mphumu, kupuma movutikira, komanso mavuto amtima mkati mwa mliri womwe ungayambitse kupuma ndi kusasamala pazaumoyo wa anthu."
Zowonadi, lingaliro lochepetsa kukakamiza, kuphatikiza lipoti la mpweya wowononga mpweya, litha kukhala lakupha kwa anthu okhala pafupi ndi malo oyipitsa kupitirira Pasadena. "Madera okhala ndi mipanda ali pachiwopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo ngati khansa," atero a Elena Craft, mkulu wa bungwe loyang'anira zanyengo ndi thanzi ku Environmental Defense Fund. Craft adati akhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chowononga mpweya ethylene oxide, mpweya womwe umatulutsidwa chifukwa cha kukonzanso mafakitale ndi kutseketsa kwa zida zamankhwala zomwe zingachepetse chitetezo chamthupi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa khansa. Mikhalidwe yocheperako imachulukitsa mwayi wokhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu komanso kufa chifukwa cha matenda a coronavirus.
Mu kalembera wa anthu mu Yohane Woyera, Louisiana, yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri cha khansa chifukwa choipitsidwa ndi mpweya wamtundu uliwonse mdziko muno, kachilomboka kakufalikira kale, malinga ndi wokhala Robert Taylor. "Tili ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi mitu ya mabanja omwe akumwalira, abambo ndi mwana wamkazi akumwalira patangotha โโmaola ochepa. Nโzowononga kwambiri,โ anatero Taylor, yemwe ali ndi zaka 79. Anthu okhala ku St. John akhala akukumana ndi zinthu zambiri zowononga mpweya, kuphatikizapo carcinogen chloroprene. โNโzochititsa mantha chifukwa tikudziwa kuti takopeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kumene tili nako. Ndili ndi anzanga komanso achibale omwe ali ndi kachilomboka,โ adatero Taylor. โAnthu sakudziwa choti achite.โ
Pakadali pano, ngakhale dziko likutsamira pamawu a akatswiri a miliri kuti atitsogolere pamavuto omwe alipo, EPA yakhala ikutsatira lamulo lomwe lingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito miliri, kapena kuphunzira momwe matenda amagawidwira pakati pa anthu. Ngakhale matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu omwe bungweli limatcha "Kulimbikitsa Kuwonekera mu Ulamuliro wa Sayansi Yoyang'anira"Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi miliri yozikidwa pazaumoyo wamunthu payekha, mtundu waposachedwa - womwe unatulutsidwa pa Marichi 18, popeza kachilomboka kamafalikira kale ku US - umapitilira patsogolo.
"N'zochititsa mantha chifukwa tikudziwa kuti takopeka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa komwe tili nako."
Chatsopano, lamulo lokulitsa angachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wozikidwa pa zidziwitso zachinsinsi za thanzi osati pazosankha zowongolera zinthu monga momwe mpweya wabwino, utsi wagalimoto, ndi chitetezo chamadzi, komanso zomwe umachitcha "chidziwitso champhamvu chasayansi," gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo chilichonse kuchokera ku malipoti. kuwunika zoopsa, mbiri ya toxicological ya zinthu, ndikuwunika zaumoyo ndi chitetezo.
Ngakhale lamuloli likhoza kutsatiridwa momveka bwino kuti a ndondomeko yamakampani a fodya kuthawa malamulo, EPA yateteza ngati kuyesa kosalakwa kuti deta ipezeke kuti itsimikizidwe. Koma olimbikitsa asayansi ndi azaumoyo, omwe anena mobwerezabwereza kuti lamuloli lipangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wambiri wazaumoyo, tsopano akulozera kuchisoni chowawa cha kuyesetsa kwa EPA kuti adutse panthawi yomwe ingakhale vuto lalikulu kwambiri lazaumoyo. mbiri ya dziko.
โApa tikudalira miliri kuti tidziwe zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo mkati mwa zonsezi, akuyesera kusokoneza malingaliro awa omwe anganene kuti chidziwitso chamtunduwu sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga malamulo,โ adatero. Rosenberg wa Union for Concerned Scientists. Rosenberg adawonjezeranso kuti pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito miliri zomwe zingathandize osati pazovuta zomwe zikuchitika, komanso panthawi ya matenda amtsogolo.
"Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kuyang'ana malo otentha komwe muli ndi milandu yambiri ya Covid-19 kuti mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuthana ndi vutoli," adatero Rosenberg. "Njira yokhayo yomwe mungadziwire kuti ndi epidemiology." Koma pansi pa lamuloli, adati, "simungathe kupatsa chidziwitsocho mokwanira chifukwa zidziwitso ziyenera kukhala zapagulu. Koma deta imeneyo siingakhale yapagulu. Palibe amene angafune kuti mayeso awo azipezeka poyera. โ
mu kalata adatumizidwa ku EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler sabata yatha, Sen. Thomas Carper, D-Del., adatchulapo zitsanzo zina za "maphunziro omwe atha kudaliridwa pa nthawi ya mliri kapena zovuta zina" zomwe sizingaphatikizidwe mwadongosolo ndi lamulo latsopano la EPA. Carper adawunikira kafukufuku pa kupezeka kwa ma coronaviruses ndi kufa kwa ma virus ena, komanso kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda otsika kupuma pamene akulimbikitsa Wheeler kuchotsa lamuloli.
Atafunsidwa za pempho la Carper, EPA idapereka yankho la imelo lotsatirali: "Senator, kaya ndi kalata kapena atolankhani akupitilizabe kunena zabodza komanso zabodza za lamulo lolimbikitsa Kuwonetsetsa Kuwonekera mu Regulatory Science. Kuwonekera mu sayansi komwe kumathandizira kutsimikizika kodziyimira pawokha kwa zomwe asayansi apeza ndikofunikira kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito ya bungwe. Palibe njira iliyonse yomwe lamuloli kapena chidziwitso chowonjezera chimapondereza kafukufuku kapena kufufuza asayansi. โ
Yankho la EPA linanenanso kuti "malamulo athu ofunikira kwambiri azachilengedwe amapereka EPA kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zopereka malamulo adzidzidzi kapena kuchitapo kanthu pakachitika ngozi pofuna kuteteza thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe, ndipo lamulo lomwe laperekedwali silingachepetse kapena kulepheretsa EPA kuyankha motere."
Mulimonsemo, EPA yakana pempho la Carper kuti achotse lamuloli. Bungwe loyang'anira zachilengedwe lakananso kuwonjezera nthawi yopereka ndemanga kwa masiku 30 kuti lamuloli lithe pa Epulo 17, kapena kuti pakhale zokambirana. Popanda iwo, bungwe la Union of Concerned Scientists likukonzekera kuchita nawo omwe.
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