Ndondomeko ya boma la UK yolimbikitsa thanzi la maganizo - Palibe Thanzi Popanda Umoyo Wamaganizo - akuti "chuma chathanzi" ndi "ubwino wa anthu onse" ndizofunikira kwa Prime Minister ndi Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister. Lingaliro ndiloti capitalism imagwirizana ndi thanzi lamaganizidwe. Kunena zoona palibe njira ina ku chikapitalist (chiphunzitso choyipa cha TINA cha Thatcher) pambali, kusanthula kosavuta kwa mabungwe kukuwonetsa chifukwa chake zonena zotere siziyenera kutengedwa mozama ndi aliyense.
Tikudziwa kuti kusayanjana ndi anthu ndikoyipa m'malingaliro a anthu. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo lazachuma lomwe likuphatikizana lithandizira kuchotsa chikhalidwe ichi cha matenda amisala. Zimenezi zimadzutsa mafunso ofunika angapo. Choyamba, kodi capitalism ndi dongosolo lazachuma lophatikizana ndi anthu? Chachiwiri, ngati sichoncho, kodi chuma chophatikizana chidzawoneka bwanji?
Economics imakhudza kupanga, kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito katundu ndi ntchito. Katundu ndi mautumikiwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu monga; mayendedwe, maphunziro, chakudya, chisamaliro chaumoyo. Mumapeza chithunzi. Kuti ntchito zitatu zazikuluzikulu zachuma izi - kupanga, kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito - kuti zichitike mwadongosolo, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Zitsanzo za miyambo yotere ndi izi:
- Chizoloŵezi cha umwini wa chuma.
- Chizolowezi chogawana ntchito.
- Chizoloŵezi chopanga zisankho.
Tsopano tili ndi mwayi wofunsa mafunso angapo osavuta. Kodi chizolowezi cha umwini wa chuma pansi pa capitalism ndi chiyani? Kodi chizolowezi chogawana ntchito pansi pa capitalism ndi chiyani? Kodi chizolowezi chopanga zisankho pansi pa capitalism ndi chiyani? Titayankha mafunsowa titha kupitiliza kufunsa ngati zikhulupiriro za chikapitalistzi zimaphatikizana ndi anthu kapena zisankho. Kwa zomwe boma la UK likunena - kuti capitalism ndi thanzi lamalingaliro zimagwirizana - kukhala ndi kukhulupirika kulikonse mayankho ayenera kukhala kuti zikhalidwe izi ndizophatikizana.
Yankho la funso loyamba ndi lakuti: Eni ake. Mu chuma cha chikapitalist chuma - monga nthaka, mafakitale, makina, ndi zina zotero - ndizo za gulu la capitalist omwe nthawi zambiri amapanga gawo limodzi kapena awiri mwa anthu 100 aliwonse.
Yankho la funso lachiwiri ndi lakuti: Kugawika kwa ntchito zamakampani. Izi zikumveka zovuta, koma si choncho. Ntchito zomwe timagwira sizinthu zina koma mndandanda wa ntchito. Ntchito zina ndizopatsa mphamvu kuposa zina. Mu chuma cha capitalist ntchito zimagawidwa mosagwirizana. Ndi kugawa kosagwirizana kwa ntchito zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimapanga magawo amakampani. Izi zimabweretsa pafupifupi makumi awiri pa zana la ogwira ntchito (gulu la akatswiri-oyang'anira - nthawi zina amatchedwanso a kalasi ya coordinator) kuyang'anira ntchito zopatsa mphamvu pomwe ena makumi asanu ndi atatu (80) otsala (ogwira ntchito) amasiyidwa kuti agwire ntchito zosapatsa mphamvu ndi zofooketsa.
Yankho la funso lachitatu ndi lakuti: Ulamuliro wapamwamba-pansi. Mu chuma cha capitalist zisankho zimapangidwa ndi eni ake ndi mamanenjala pamwamba pa bungwe. zisankho zomwe zimapangidwa zimasefedwa kudzera mu utsogoleri. Ngakhale zili zowona kuti ogwira ntchito, kudzera m'magulu amagulu, akhoza kukhala ndi chonena popanga zisankho, izi zili choncho osati chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha capitalist. Mabungwe a anthu ogwira ntchito amakhalapo ndendende chifukwa cha, komanso poyankha, aulamuliro wa njira zopangira zisankho za capitalist.
Titha tsopano kupitilira kufunsa kuti zikhulupiriro za capitalist izi ndizophatikiza pagulu kapena ndizokhazikika. Ndendende; Kodi umwini waumwini ndi wophatikiza pagulu kapena wokhazikika? Kodi gawo lazantchito ndi logwirizana ndi anthu kapena ndi lokha? Kodi ulamuliro waulamuliro wapamwamba umaphatikizapo anthu onse kapena ndi wodzipatula? Nthawi zambiri, titha kufunsa; ndi kachitidwe ka magulu kamene kakhalidwe ka chikapitalist kameneka kamapangitsa kukhala kophatikizana pamagulu a anthu kapena kokhazikika? Mayankho a mafunso onsewa ndi odziwikiratu kuti sanganene.
Ngakhale ndi ntchito yokwanira, ukapitalist sukanakhalabe dongosolo lazachuma lophatikizana ndi anthu. Kukhala ndi chuma chaumwini, kuphatikiza kugawikana kwa ogwira ntchito, kuphatikiza kupanga zisankho zaulamuliro wapamwamba, ndizofanana ndi dongosolo lomwe lafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Mwachidule, zikhulupiriro za capitalist zimakhazikitsa gulu la anthu, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti anthu sasiyanitsidwa.
Ndi funso lathu loyamba lofunikira lomwe titha kupitiliza kufufuza funso lathu lachiwiri: Kodi chuma chophatikizana chidzawoneka chotani? Apanso, yankho la funsoli liyenera kukhala lolunjika, ngati silikuwonekera - makamaka titatha kuzindikira mafunso oyenerera okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha zachuma. Koma tisanayese kuyankha funsoli, kungakhale koyenera kunena kuti njira yachikhalidwe yotengera chuma cha capitalist - ndiyo, sosholizimu - idalephera kukhala yophatikizana ndi anthu pazifukwa zomwezo zomwe capitalism ikupitilizabe lero. Ndiroleni ndiyese kufotokoza.
Ngakhale sosholizimu yazaka za zana la makumi awiri (lingaliro la Leninist Russia, mwachitsanzo) inatsutsa ndi kukana chikhalidwe cha capitalist cha umwini waumwini, imasunganso magawo a ntchito. Izi zinapangitsa, osati kuperewera kwamagulu, koma mu ulamuliro wa gulu la ogwirizanitsa pa gulu la ogwira ntchito. Mwachibadwidwe mokwanira gulu la ogwirizanitsa ntchito udindo wawo mphamvu kulamulira zisankho ndi, insodoing anakhalabe capitalist zachuma chikhalidwe cha authoritarianism pamwamba-pansi. Kwa ochuluka (gulu la ogwira ntchito) ndiye, sosholizimu sinali yophatikizanso kuposa capitalism. Kusanthula koteroko kumapangitsa kuti chiphunzitso cha TINA chikhale chopanda pake.
Potengera zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kufunsa mafunso otsatirawa:
- Kodi chizolowezi cha umwini wa chuma mu chuma chophatikizana ndi anthu chingakhale chiyani?
- Kodi chizolowezi chogawana ntchito muzachuma chophatikiza ndi anthu chingakhale chiyani?
- Kodi chizolowezi chopanga zisankho mu chuma chophatikizana ndi anthu chingakhale chiyani?
Kumbukirani kuti tikuyang'ana mayankho omwe amathetsa dongosolo lamagulu lomwe limapangidwa ndi zikhalidwe za capitalist. Tikufuna miyambo yomwe imachotsa gulu la capitalist, gulu la ogwirizanitsa ndi ogwira ntchito. Tikufuna miyambo yazachuma yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu onse aziphatikizana mofanana - komanso kuthandizira kulimbikitsa thanzi labwino.
Panthawiyi zingayambe kuonekera kuti zosankha zathu sizochuluka choncho - osati pamlingo woyamba wa kuyerekezera. Ndikutanthauza, njira zina zotani m'malo mwa umwini wazinthu ndi kupanga zisankho mwaulamuliro? Ndi njira zingati zomwe zilipo m'malo mwa magawo a antchito? Nawa malingaliro omwe atengedwa kuchokera ku gawo lazachuma (parecon) chitsanzo chomwe ndikuganiza kuti chingayambe kutilozera njira yoyenera poyesa kuyankha funso lathu lachiwiri lofunika kwambiri: kodi chuma chophatikizana chidzawoneka bwanji?
- Chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chuma mkati mwa chuma chophatikizana ndi anthu chingakhale umwini wamagulu. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe ichi kungapangitse kuchotsedwa kwa bungwe lomwe limapanga ndikusunga gulu la capitalist ndikupangitsa kuti tisamakhale opanda maphunziro.
- Chizoloŵezi chogawana ntchito mu chuma chophatikizana ndi anthu chingakhale kugawa kofanana kwa ntchito zopatsa mphamvu (mu chitsanzo cha parecon izi zimatchedwa a ntchito yokhazikika). Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe ichi kungapangitse kuchotsedwa kwa bungwe lomwe limapanga ndikusunga gulu la ogwirizanitsa ndikupangitsa kuti tisamakhale opanda maphunziro.
- Chizoloŵezi chopanga zisankho mkati mwachuma chophatikizana ndi anthu chingakhale demokalase yachuma (muchitsanzo cha parecon njira yodziwika bwino ya demokalase yazachuma imatchedwa kudzilamulira). Kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe ichi kungapangitse kuchotsedwa kwa bungwe lomwe limapanga ndikusunga ulamuliro wa capitalist ndi coordinator class and insodoing imatipangitsa kuti tisamakhale m'kalasi.
Kuphatikizika, umwini wamagulu, kuphatikiza ntchito zofananira ndi kudziwongolera ndizokhazikika pazachuma pazachuma chophatikizana ndi anthu zomwe zingathandize kulimbikitsa thanzi lamaganizidwe. Monga capitalist wabwino wachikale, kodi Prime Minister ndi wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister ali ndi chidwi chokhazikitsa kusintha kwachuma komwe kungatifikitse ku miyambo yotere? Inde sichoncho! Ichi ndichifukwa chake palibe amene ayenera kutengera zomwe boma la UK likunena za "ubwino wa anthu onse" mozama.
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Munthu samawona izi pafupipafupi. Kuwunika kwa mabungwe ena m'mabungwe omwe tili nawo panopa komanso ngati akupereka katundu - thanzi labwino ndi thanzi - kutsatiridwa ndi malingaliro a njira zina zoyendetsera mabungwe omwe angagwire ntchito yabwino yopereka thanzi labwino la maganizo ndi thanzi labwino kwa anthu onse.
Zambiri mwamtunduwu / zolemba zimafunikira. Analysis kuphatikiza. Kuphatikizanso kukhala njira zenizeni zoyendetsera chuma chomwe chimapereka zomwe tikufuna.