Ziwerengero zabwino zazachuma zomwe zalengezedwa zaka zingapo zapitazi ndi maboma akuluakulu aku Western, mabanki awo apakati ndi IMF ali pa kuyeretsa kwachuma. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa kufotokoza za cholinga chochita zinthu ndi zoyipa: kusagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali sikuwerengedwanso, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono omwe alephera omwe eni ake amasiya, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadzipha, madera osauka omwe ali m'madera osauka, osauka apakati, achinyamata amene anasiya kupeza ntchito, ndi zina. Zonsezi zathamangitsidwa kupanga malo a "chuma" chachuma. Ndikufuna kuti mawuwa agwirizane ndi kuyeretsa kodziwika bwino komanso kowopsa kwa mafuko; Ndikutanthauza kuti agwire nkhanza ndi chikhalidwe, ngakhale ndi gawo laling'ono la chuma ichi.
Zotsatira zake ndikutanthauziranso "chuma" kotero zikuwoneka kuti pali kukula ndipo tikubwerera kuchira. Tingafunse kuti, kodi zimenezi zimapindulitsa ndani? Osati omwe athamangitsidwa, chifukwa awa amapangidwa kuti asawonekere ku ziwerengero ndi diso la boma. Koma zili ndi ntchito kwa eni chuma, omwe amafunikira chuma 'chathanzi' kuti athe kuyika ndalama ndikupanga ndalama zawo kuti apeze phindu.
Pakali pano, ngakhale maiko olemera a ku Ulaya ali ndi chiลตerengero cha anthu ochuluka, makamaka osauka osawoneka ndi omwe ali pangozi. (onani Gulu 1). Kumapeto kwa 2012, Eurostat, ofesi ya ziwerengero ya European Union, inatulutsa ziwerengero zosinthidwa pa chiopsezo cha umphawi kapena kusagwirizana ndi anthu kudzera mu 2011. Zinapeza kuti anthu 119.6 miliyoni, kapena 24.2 peresenti ya anthu, mu EU-27 anali pa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha umphawi, kusowa chuma, kapena kukhala m'mabanja omwe sagwira ntchito movutikira. Mโgulu limenelo la mayiko makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi aลตiri, 9 peresenti ya anthu anali osauka kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti anali ndi mikhalidwe yolephereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu zofunika pa moyo (mwachitsanzo, sankatha kulipira ngongole zawo, kusunga nyumba yawo mokwanira. kutentha, kapena kutenga tchuthi cha sabata limodzi kuchoka kunyumba). Chigawo cha anthu osauka kwambiri chinasiyana kwambiri mโmayiko omwe ali mamembala, kuyambira pa 1 peresenti ku Luxembourg ndi Sweden kufika pa 44 peresenti ku Bulgaria ndi 31 peresenti ku Latvia.
Chitsanzo chimodzi chonyanyira cha mfundo imeneyi chimachokera ku Greece, ndi mavuto ake azachuma. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kumayambiriro kwa Januware 2013, European Central Bank ndi IMF idalengeza kuti chuma cha Greece chinali panjira yobwerera kukula, ndipo Moody's (bungwe loyang'anira ngongole) adakweza ngongole yachi Greek ndi mfundo; Ngakhale izi zikadali zotsika, zikutanthauza kuti osunga ndalama atha kubwereranso. Chotsalira pakuwunikaku kuwonetsa kubwereranso pakukula kwina ndikuti gawo lalikulu la mabanja, mabizinesi, ndi malo achotsedwa m'malo azachuma omwe akuyesedwa. . Othamangitsidwa amakhala osawoneka ndi miyeso yokhazikika, ndipo potero kukokera kwawo koyipa pakukula kwamitengo kumachepetsedwa. Pali kutanthauziranso kwachidziwitso cha "chuma" pamene kutsika kwakukulu kumatayika pang'onopang'ono, kapena kumanyalanyazidwa ndi miyeso yokhazikika. Olova amene amataya chilichonseโntchito, nyumba, inshuwalansi yamankhwalaโakugwera mโmphepete mwa chimene chimatchedwa โchuma.โ Momwemonso eni masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi mafakitale omwe amataya chilichonse ndikudzipha.
Lingaliro lofananalo, lokhazikika pazachuma likugwira ntchito ku Spain, dziko lina lomwe lili pamavuto azachuma. Mu Epulo 2014, ma bond aboma la Spain anali omwe amafunidwa kwambiriโฆkwa masiku ochepa chabe. Chowonadi cha 25% ya ulova wa akuluakulu ndi 65% ulova kwa achinyamata, zakusowa ndalama zambiri ndi madera omwe ali osauka kwambiri - palibe chomwe chingasinthe mfundo ya osunga ndalama kupita ku ma bondi a boma la Spain. Mโdziko limene lili ndi maboma ambiri amene ali ndi ngongole zambiri ndiponso mayiko amene chuma chake chikucheperachepera, ndi bwino kuchitapo kanthu ndi chizindikiro chilichonse cha moyo.
Posachedwapa komanso nkhani yabwino yowunika kuyeretsedwa kwachuma uku ndikulengeza kwa Chancellor waku UK:, Geroge Osborne, kuti UK yakhala chuma chomwe chikukula mwachangu ku EU. UK ndi chuma chosawonongeka kwambiri kuposa Greece ndi Spain. Koma chomwe chimayambitsa mawu amphamvu awa okhudza kukula ndi kuchira.
Chotsalira, choyamba, kuti GDP pa munthu aliyense ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yoyezera kukula kwachuma. Zimasiya zambiri, zimalephera kuyeza ndende, zopindulitsa, kapena kulanda pamwamba. Ndiwonso muyeso womwe ukuwonetsa kugawidwa kwa zopindulitsa -koma sikuyesa kugawa kwenikweni konse. GDP pa munthu aliyense satipatsa muyeso wogwidwa pamwamba kapena kutayika kumapeto kwenikweni. Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zopindula pamwamba koma kenako imagawanso izi pazopeza zonse zadziko.
Ndipo ngakhale ndi oyenerera uyu, kukula kwa UK ndi chimodzi mwazotsika kwambiri zomwe zimapatsidwa poyambira. (Onani chithunzi 1) Dziko la UK likukula pang'onopang'ono kuposa France, Germany, Japan ndi US. Kupitilira apo, ili pamlingo wotsikirapo kwambiri kuposa momwe zinaliri mu 2008. Kupitilira apo, osagwira ntchito omwe asiya kufunafuna ntchito ndi achinyamata omwe sakuyesera ngakhale kupeza ntchito, makampani omwe adangomwalira kumene, ndi oyandikana nawo chuma chomwe chikuchepa. Ndipo kulipira munthu aliyense, ngakhale kulola kuti apeze chuma chambiri pamwamba, ndi 8% kutsika kuchokera mu 2010 - nthawi "yochira" kumavuto.
Zofunikira za GDP pa munthu aliyense zimasiyanso mfundo yakuti mabanja ambiri aku Britain ali ndi ngongole zomwe zikukulirakulira komanso momwe boma limachitira. (Onani Chithunzi 2).
Zimasiyanso mawonekedwe okhotakhota a msika wanyumba, zomwe zimachitika m'maiko osiyanasiyana, koma monyanyira ku UK. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti London ndi umodzi mwamisika yotsika mtengo kwambiri yanyumba. Koma kwenikweni ndi UK yonse yomwe ili ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri. (Onani GRAPH 3). Kuwunika kochitidwa ndi bungwe la Fitch Ratings pamitengo ya nyumba poyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza kukuwonetsa kuti msika wapanyumba ku London ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri pagulu losankhidwa lamizinda yapadziko lonse lapansi.
POMALIZA
Kuyeretsa kwachuma kumeneku kumakhala ndi mndandanda wa kuthamangitsidwa komwe kumatenga mawonekedwe apadera pamalo aliwonse, kaya ku Global South kapena ku Global North, East kapena West. Ndipo amatenga zomwe zili m'magawo osiyanasiyana -zachuma, anthu, ndale. Zowonadi ndi zachindunji m'malo ndi dera lililonse kotero kuti ndizovuta kuwona kuti zitha kukhala mawonekedwe akuya omwe masiku ano amadula magawo odziwika bwino. Kuthamangitsidwa kulikonse kumeneku kumakonda kuphunziridwa ndi maphunziro apadera omwe amangoyang'ana okha. Chifukwa chake, kutchula zitsanzo ziwiri zokha, akatswiri a ulova wanthawi yayitali ku Global North samaphunzira za omwe asamukira ku Global South. Ndipo komabe, ndizotheka kuti pamlingo wapansi ndi njira imodzi yoyambira: mwatuluka.
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