"Ndinali ndi mkangano wautali ndi Pierre," [wopambana Mphoto ya Mtendere wa Nobel] Yunus anandiuza, ponena za Omidyar. โAkuti anthu azipeza ndalama. Ndinati, Alekeni apeze ndalamaโkoma nโchifukwa chiyani mukufuna kupezera anthu osauka ndalama?โ - New Yorker
Sabata ino, mtsogoleri watsopano wa ultranationalist waku India Narendra Modi adawulula nduna yake, magawo atatu omwe amachokera ku a wosangalatsa zida zankhondo, RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh) - kuphatikiza nduna imodzi yomwe idatsutsidwa ndi apolisi chaka chatha. kuyambitsa Ziwawa zakupha za Ahindu ndi Asilamu zomwe zidapha anthu opitilira 50.
RSS idakhazikitsidwa mu 1925 ndi open okonda a Mussolini ndi Hitler; mu 1948, RSS membalaanapha Mahatma Gandhi wotsutsa nkhondo. Mu 1992, inali RSS yomwe adakonzedwa kuwonongedwa kwa Msikiti wa Ayodha, kuchoka 2000 yakufa, makamaka Asilamu; ndipo mu 2002, RSS idachita gawo lalikulu pakuphedwa kwa Asilamu ochepa ku Gujarat, malinga ndi Human Rights Watch, pamene dziko la Gujarat linkalamulidwa ndi Narendra Modi - mwiniwake a Mtengo wa RSS.
Kumayambiriro kwa sabata ino, Pando inanena kuti zisankho za Modi zidalandira thandizo kuchokera kuzinthu zosayembekezereka ku Silicon Valley kuphatikiza Google, komanso mozama kwambiri, Omidyar Network, thumba la philanthropy la eBay mabiliyoniya komanso wofalitsa First Look Pierre Omidyar.
Kuyambira 2009 mpaka February chaka chino, Omidyar Network India Advisers anali mutu by Jayant Sinha, mlangizi wakale wa Modi ndi MP wosankhidwa kumene mu ultranationalist wa Modi BJP chipani tikiti. Mnzake wa Omidyar Network komanso woyang'anira wamkulu adachita mbali ziwiri, kuyika ndalama ku India zopanda phindu komanso zopezera phindu, zina zokhala ndi zolinga zandale; ali mwamseri, munthu wa Omidyar "anagwira ntchito mu timu ya Modi" mu 2012-13, ndipo adatumikira monga wotsogolera mu ultranationalist BJP chipani choganiza pachitetezo ndi mfundo zachuma, India Foundation. Sabata ino, Modi adasankha amutu wa India Foundation, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa apolisi Ajit Doval,kuti ake National Security Advisor.
Modi ndiye "Hi-tech populist" woyimira: London techies adayendetsa za Modi 3D hologram kampeni, ndikuwunikira ma hologram a Modi aatali-mamita 10 kupita ku misonkhano ku India. Ndipo matekinoloje aku India adatenga gawo lalikulu pochita kampeni ya Modi komanso kuvotera Modi.
Ngakhale gloss yotentha ya Silicon Valley yomwe takhala tikudyetsedwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, pempho la Modi likuwonetsa kuti makampani aukadaulo ndiwokonda ndale zaulamuliro wakumanja monga makampani ena aliwonse.
Ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhani ya Omidyar Network iwulule motere: Mwina palibe munthu wina aliyense amene ali ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa chithunzi chake chotsutsana ndi boma, ndi mgwirizano wake weniweni ndi boma la chitetezo cha dziko la America ndi ndondomeko ya dziko lonse la neoliberal, kuposa Pierre Omidyar.
Udindo wa Omidyar Network muzochitika zazikuluzikulu za sabata yatha - kuthandiza kusankha mtsogoleri wa India wa ultranationalist Narendra Modi; co-ndalama Ukraine boma-kusintha NGOs ndi USAID, zomwe zidayambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni komanso chisankho cha Lolemba cha bilionea waku Ukraine oligarch Petro Poroshenko; ndipo tsopano, sabata ino woyamba kukhala-pansi TV kuyankhulana ndi Edward Snowden, kupyoleradongosolo pakati pa NBC News ndi First Look Media ya Pierre Omidyar - ikuwonetsa momwe zotsutsanazi zikuwonekera, ndikusintha dziko lathu lapansi.
Udindo waukulu wa Omidyar pazachitetezo cha dziko la US padziko lonse lapansi ungakhale wodabwitsa kwa anthu akunja komanso mafani a gulu la atolankhani omwe analipo kale odziyimira pawokha. Koma kwa olamulira akunja a White House, a Pierre Omidyar akuyimira mawonekedwe atsopano a mwambo wakale wachifumu.
Liberal Hawks: Samantha Power, Omidyar & USAID
"Kwa Washington, mabungwe omwe siaboma ndi "gawo losaoneka la America" โโlamphamvu.
โJames Peck, Ideal Illusions
Mu Novembala 2013, kazembe wa UN ndi wokonda neocon Samantha Power adalankhula ku Mphotho ya Ufulu Mwambowu, wolemekeza udindo wa George Soros popititsa patsogolo mfundo za dziko la America kudzera mu bungwe la Open Society-USAID Private-Public Partnership. Mphotho ya Ufulu ndi imodzi mwa Chidani ulemu wapamwamba kukhazikitsidwa; olemekezeka akale akuphatikizapo George HW Bush, Bill Clinton, Winston Churchill, ndi woyambitsa bungwe la akazitape la OSS "Wild" Bill Donovan.
Iyi ndi Mphotho yachiwiri ya Ufulu wa Soros, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka, monga Ambassador Power anafotokoza: Masomphenya a Soros pa dziko lapansi - dziko la misika yaulere ndi "boma lotseguka" - mwangwiro synched ndi masomphenya a Purezidenti Obama:
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndinali ndi mwayi womvetsera kuchokera ku msonkhano waukulu wa United Nations General Assembly pamene Pulezidenti Barack Obama analankhula ndi atsogoleri a mayiko ndi kupanga ndondomeko yotsimikizirika yokhudzana ndi masomphenya a Karl Popper, omwe ndi masomphenya a George ndi zomwe George anawona. George adatchuka komanso wothandizidwa: chuma chotseguka, boma lotseguka, gulu lotseguka.
Atazindikira kuti "zopereka zapadera tsopano zikuposa magawo awiri mwa atatu a ndalama zomwe boma la US limapereka pothandizira mayiko akunja," Ambassador Power adayamikira zopereka za Soros ndikusankha wolowa m'malo wake wa Silicon Valley, wofalitsa wa Intercept. Pierre Omidyar:
Othandiza atsopanowaโothandiza anthu otsanzira a Sorosโamapereka ndalama, koma amachita zimenezi akadali ndi moyo wotukukaโฆ , kukhala wochita, kutsegulira njira Bill ndi Melinda Gates, Warren Buffet, Pam ndi Pierre Omidyar, ndi ena. George anali woyamba.
Samantha Power angadziwe: Mu Novembala 2010, ndikutumikira Bungwe la National Security Council la Obama, adalemba pa Webusaiti ya White House Kufotokozera momveka bwino za msonkhano wa Purezidenti Obama ndi bungwe la India lothandizidwa ndi Omidyar, Janaagraha, patangotha โโmwezi umodzi bungweli litalandira thandizo.$ 3 miliyoni thandizo kuchokera ku Omidyar Network kukhazikitsa kampeni yake yolimbana ndi katangale ya iPaidABribe. Ndalama zokwana madola 3 miliyoni zinali zoyamba kwa Omidyar ku bungwe la NGO la India pansi pa woyang'anira wamkulu Jayant Sinha - yemwe, monga momwe Pando adanena, adakhalanso ndi ntchito yachiwiri ngati mlangizi wa ultranationalist Narendra Modi.
Chodabwitsa, asanalandire ndalama za Omidyar ndi madalitso a Obama, woyambitsa nawo NGO,Ramesh ramanathan, anafotokoza kuti akuchirikiza Njira ya Obama yolimbana ndi zigawenga ku Afghanistan. Ndi chenjezo limodzi: ma NGO ochulukirapo:
โฆpazikondwerero zake zonse za ntchito zakomweko, njira yolimbana ndi zigawenga sizimafika patali mokwanira kuti zizindikire kuthekera konse kwa njirayi. Mwachindunji, mbali ziwiri zazikulu ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa: choyamba, kukhala ndi maboma ang'onoang'ono kukhala pakati pa kukonza ntchito zachitukuko; ndipo chachiwiri, njira zodziwika bwino zopangira zisankho zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu nzika.
โฆMwa kuyankhula kwina, kulimbana ndi zigawenga kumatha kuganiziridwa ngati 'kumanga dziko pansi', osati njira zankhondo chabe.
ramanatani ndi wamkulu wakale wa Citibank komanso Yale MBA. Kupatula kulimbana ndi ziphuphu ku India kudzera mu NGO yake, Ramanathan amayendetsanso a microfinance kampani zomwe zimalowera Anthu osauka aku Indiaobwereka - "adzakazi, ogulitsa masamba, alonda" malinga ndi mmodzi Kufotokoza. Kampani yake ya microfinance idavutika koyambirira mitengo yosasintha kwambiri ndi kukakamizidwa komwe amanenedwa kuti ali pansi pa dziko lapansi, koma chakula posachedwapa chifukwa cha osunga ndalama zachinsinsi ngati Morgan Stanley ndi KKR.
Poyang'anitsitsa mabizinesi a Omidyar Network ku India, timazindikira komwe zokonda zomwe zili pakati pa Big Tech, dziko la US chitetezo cha dziko, ndi neoliberalism zimagwirizana - ndi malingaliro anzeru a Omidyar omwe akugwirizanitsa eBay/PayPal ndi Omidyar Network ndi First Look media.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ndalama za Omidyar Network ku Rural Development Institute, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi mmodzi mwa milungu ya American counterinsurgency strategy: Roy Prosterman.
"Ufulu Wanyumba": Omidyar ndi "Phoenix Program" guru Roy Prosterman
Omidyar Network imadziwika โufulu wa katunduโ (kapena "kulemba katundu") ngati imodzi mwamagawo asanu omwe amawunikira. Mmodzi mwa ngwazi za Omidyar komanso omwe adalandira ndalama zambiri ndi katswiri wazachuma wa neoliberal Hernando de Soto, wakale. dzanja lamanja munthu ku wolamulira wankhanza Albert Fujimori. De Soto ndiye mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi wa "kugulitsa katundu" monga yankho ku umphawi wapadziko lonse lapansi: m'malo mopereka thandizo, De Soto akuti tiyenera kupatsa anthu osauka malo omwe ali m'malo awoawo, omwe anthu okhala m'misewu atha kubwereketsa ngongole zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'malo awo okhala. zoyambira. The zotsatira nthawi zambiri akhala tsoka - koma izi sizinalepheretse De Soto kuyamikiridwa ndi akuluakulu olamulira padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira Bill Clinton, kwa Abale a Koch - kwa Pierre Omidyar, yemwe adapereka $ Miliyoni 5 kwa Neoliberal ya De Soto taganizani tank, ndi kumangokhalira Twitter:
Pierre Omidyar @pierre
kutsatira
Chakudya chamadzulo chabwino ndi Hernando de Soto. Ufulu wa katundu umadalira ndikuthandizira chirichonse.
India, monga maiko ambiri omwe akutukuka padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi zomwe Anglo-America amawona ngati dongosolo lofooka lazamalamulo paufulu wa katundu. Makamaka, anthu amtundu wakomweko amanenera zakale za madera omwe amakhala, ndipo adakana zoyesayesa za boma zowathamangitsa kuti apeze njira zamakampani, migodi, ndi zofuna zina zamphamvu. Zigawenga za Naxal Maoist zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira m'madera ena ku India zimalimbikitsidwa ndi anthu othawa kwawo komanso opanda malo. Kuyambira pomwe chisankho cha Modi chidachitika, okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi akhala ndi chiyembekezo kuti malo aku India tsopano apangidwa kukhala osavuta kugula ndi kugulitsa. Munthu wamkulu wakale wa Omidyar Network ku India, Jayant Sinha - yemwe tsopano ndi MP ku chipani cholamula cha Modi - anauza CNBC kuti ntchito yoyamba ya Modi ikuyenera kupangitsa kupeza malo kukhala kosavuta:
Tiyenera kuyamba ndi kutenga malo. Tikuyenera kupanga minda kukhala yabwino kwambiri potengera anthu omwe akutenga malo kuchokera kwa alimi ndi zina zotero komanso zamakampani.
Chifukwa chake mwina sizodabwitsa kuti Omidyar woyamba thandizo lalikulu la India, mu 2008, anapita ku Rural Development Institute's (yotchedwanso "Landesa") "kuthandiza kuteteza ufulu wa malo kwa osauka akumidzi" m'chigawo cha Andhra Pradesh ku India. Pofika 2009, Omidyar Network idachita $ Miliyoni 9 ku pulogalamu ya ufulu wa nthaka ya RDI, thandizo lalikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya chovalacho.
Ndipo ndi mbiri yotani: The Rural Development Institute idakhazikitsidwa mu 1967 ndi Roy Prosterman, yemwe mapulogalamu ake okonzanso nthaka anali chinthu chofunikira mu njira yolimbana ndi nkhondo ku Vietnam, the Pulogalamu yakupha "Phoenix".. Pulogalamu ya Phoenix idakhala template yamakono American counterinsurgency - zigawenga zachiwawa, kuphatikizapo "kusintha" kwa nthaka kwa mphamvu zofewa zophikidwa ndi Prosterman's Institute.
Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Vietnam, Prosterman adagwirizana ndi USAID kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwake kwa "land-to-the-tillers", kupatsa nthaka kwa alimi ngati karoti, pomwe nthawi yomweyo magulu ankhondo a CIA adapha atsogoleri am'midzi aku Vietnamese masauzande ambiri ndikuwopseza madera omwe adagwa. Chotsatira chake, Prosterman adadzitamandira, chinali kulembedwa kwa Viet Cong yatsika ndi 80 peresenti.
Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, Prosterman adagulitsanso ndondomeko yokonzanso malo Mzinda wa El Salvador, pamene gulu lankhondo linali kuukira anthu wamba akumidzi amene anachoka 75,000 anaphedwa ndi asitikali aboma mothandizidwa ndi US. Prosterman adatumikiranso ngati mlangizi wa "kukonzanso nthaka" kwa wolamulira wankhanza waku PhilippinesFerdinand Marcos. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1990, Prosterman adapatsidwa ntchito ndi Booz Allen kuti azilangiza zakusintha kwa nthaka ku Moldova, malinga ndi mtolankhani. Tim Shorrock.
Omidyar Network @OmidyarNetwork
kutsatira
Loya wakale wa Wall Street Amagwira Ntchito Kuteteza Alimi Osauka Kwambiri ku China | Zikomo kwambiri Roy Prosterman @Landesa_Global http://bit.ly/RZlIy6
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Prosterman's Rural Development Institute inasintha dzina lake kukhala Landesa. Koma chovala cha Cold War cha Prosterman sichinasinthe mgwirizano wake wapamtima ndi USAID, kapena cholinga chake chachikulu, kumangiriza umwini wa nthaka ndi chitetezo (komanso kulimbana ndi zigawenga) - mwachidule mwachidule ndi nkhani ya Landesa's India: "Kulumikiza Madontho Pakati pa Chitetezo ndi Ufulu Wadziko ku India."
Kusiya phindu lomwe akuti kwa anthu osauka aku India powapatsa umwini wa anthu wamba - Amwenye 400,000,000 amakhala ndi moyo. zosakwana $1.25 patsiku - Pazofuna zamphamvu zopezera madongosolo opereka umwini, pali zabwino zambiri. Zimathandizira kukhazikitsa misonkho yambiri kwa maboma omwe akufuna kusamutsa misonkho yambiri kwa anthu; imakhazikitsa mwalamulo ndikuloleza kusamutsa katundu kuchokera pagulu kupita kwa amphamvu ndi olemera kwambiri; zimapangitsa osunga ndalama akunja kukhala osangalala; imathandizira boma ndi mabizinesi kutsatira ndikusunga zambiri za nzika zake; ndi, kunena mawu otsogolera Omidyar Network Matt Bannick - wosankhidwa posachedwapa ndi Obama White House ku gulu lapadera - kusintha kwa nthaka kwa Prosterman adapanga Omidyar "Ndikusangalala ndi momwe umwini wa malo ocheperako ungathandizire amayi ndikuwathandiza kudzichotsa muumphawi."
Ndi chifukwa umwini wa malo ang'onoang'ono kumathandiza kuti pakhale chidwi chenicheni cha ndalama za Omidyar Network ku India: Microfinance.
"Kuphatikizika Kwachuma": Omidyar, Microfinance & Suicide-By-Pesticide
Tsoka loyipa kwambiri la Omidyar Network - kuphatikiza ndalama zothandizira magulu osintha maboma aku Ukraine ndi USAID - inali gawo lake pothandizira ndalama za SKS Microfinance, zomwe kubwereketsa komanso kusonkhanitsa ngongole zidapangitsa kuti anthu azidzipha koopsa kumidzi ya Andhra Pradesh.
Choyamba, mawu ofulumira pa chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe a microlending. Mwachidziwitso, lingaliro loyambilira la microfinance - yopanda phindu yopereka ngongole yaying'ono kwa osauka, pansi pazabwino, pansi pa mitengo yamsika - ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa, ndipo munthawi yoyenera, nthawi zambiri idatero. Koma kwa a neoliberals, lingaliro loyambilira lazachuma chaching'ono lidasokoneza chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chabwino - kotero kuti ndalama zazing'ono zidasokonekera m'mphepete mwa gulu lachitukuko mpaka 1992. Chaka chimenecho, USAID idachita malonda ku Bolivian microfinance yopanda phindu yotchedwa Prodem, ndikupanga njira yatsopano yopangira phindu yaying'ono. wobwereketsa, BancoSol m'malo mwake. BancoSol idagulitsidwa usiku wonse - ngongole komanso phindu, ndikupanga mamiliyoni ambiri omwe anali oyang'anira osapindula BancoSol isanagwe kumapeto kwa zaka khumi.
USAID idakonda njira yopezera phindu yandalama zazing'ono, ndipo idakopa Banki Yadziko Lonse ndi mabungwe ena azachuma padziko lonse lapansi kuti alowetse ndikuyimba nyimbo zotamanda. Izi zidabweretsa chidwi chandalama zazing'ono ku Wall Street, ndikuthamangitsa mabungwe akale "osakhazikika" osachita phindu, ndikukopa anthu omwe adapambana Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel komanso wamkulu wamakampani azandalama zazing'ono, Muhammad Yunus. phindu sector komanso. Monga tikudziwira tsopano, zidatha tsoka - makamaka ku India Andhra Pradesh boma, komwe Omidyar adalandira ndalama za umwini wa malo omwe anali otanganidwa kupanga magulu a anthu osauka akumidzi "eni malo ang'onoang'ono" omwe tsopano ali okonzeka kukweza ngongole zazing'ono zothandizidwa ndi Omidyar. Chotsatira chake chingakhale kuti akazi ambiri amatengeka ndi nkhanza kudzipha, uhule wokakamizidwa, ndi kutaya mtima.
Ndizovuta kunena mokweza kuti njira yopezera phindu yaying'ono ndi "masomphenya" a Pierre Omidyar. M'nkhani ya 2006 New Yorker yofotokoza zachangu cha Omidyar pazachipembedzo chofuna kugulitsa ndalama zazing'onoting'ono, taphunzira kuti mabiliyoniya wa eBay sanangokana pempho la wopambana Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel kuti achepetse chidwi chake chofuna kupindula ndi osauka padziko lapansi - timaphunziranso kuti Omidyar adadzipereka. kufafaniza chilichonse chotsala chandalama zopanda phindu, kuti "zisasokoneze msika." Omidyar anakana madandaulo a mabiliyoni anzake kuti akhazikitse thumba la ndalama zopanda phindu. Chifukwa pa mfundo, Omidyar anakana kukhulupirira kuti zabwino zikhoza kubwera kuchokera ku china chirichonse koma zolinga zodzifunira phindu. Nayi latsopano Yorker:
[Omidyar] kaลตirikaลตiri amatchula chiphunzitso cha Adam Smith chakuti mphamvu za msika zosalephereka ndi kudzikonda zimayendetsa ntchito yabwino kwambiriโndi yopindulitsa kwa anthuโkugwiritsa ntchito chuma. Omidyar amawona mfundo za Smith zikugwira ntchito ku eBay; iye amakhulupirira kuti eBay kupambana malonda anali kugwirizana kwambiri chikhalidwe chabwino.
Chikhulupiriro cha Omidyar mu chitsanzo cha eBay ndi chachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti ali wotsimikiza kuti chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa mavuto a anthu, kuphatikizapo umphawi - ndipo chifukwa chake Omidyar adasankha kuti apeze phindu la microfinance monga ntchito yake ya moyo. Atakana Yunus ngati "woganiza wakale" wokwatiwa ndi malingaliro akale osachita phindu, Omidyar adalengeza zopereka za $ 100 miliyoni ku Tufts University, yayikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya sukulu, ndi mfundo yakuti Ndalama ya Omidyar-Tufts Microfinance Fund idapita "mwachindunji" mu "ndalama zomwe zingalimbikitse malonda a microfinance."
Pofuna kuyang'anira thumba, Omidyar adalemba ntchito Senior Credit Officer kuchokera ku USAID - bungwe lomwe poyamba linkachita malonda a microfinance mu 1992 - yemwe adatumiza Joseph Schumpeter ku bungwe. latsopano Yorker:
"Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe tikufunika ndipo tidzapeza ndikuwononga chilengedwe," atero a Tryfan Evans, director of investments ku Omidyar-Tufts fund, yemwe m'mbuyomu adagwirapo ntchito ku USAID. ndi mpikisano.โ
Chomwe chili chododometsa poyang'ana m'mbuyo ndi momwe chikhulupiriro cha Omidyar chotenthetsera chili pamsika waulere, mpaka ali wokonzeka kuwononga osauka omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri padziko lapansi kuti atsimikizire kuti Adam Smith akulondola. Kuopsa kwa kubwereketsa ndalama zazing'ono zopezera phindu kwa osauka aku India sikunali chinsinsi: New Yorker nkhani amatchula mndandanda wa microfinance zogwirizana kudzipha ku Andhra Pradesh kumbuyo ku 2006, mamiliyoni a Omidyar asanathire mafuta pamoto umenewo.
Yunus analephera kutsutsa Omidyar:
"Alekeni azipanga ndalama, koma n'chifukwa chiyani mukufuna kupanga ndalama kwa anthu osauka?"
Kwa Omidyar, Yunus sanamvetse. Izi zinali zokhudza chinthu china chofunika kwambiriโOmidyar anali kutsimikizira chiphunzitso chake. Kwa mtolankhani wa New Yorker, bilionea wa eBay adalongosola:
"Omidyar amawona thumba ngati njira yoyesera malingaliro ake okhudza kugulitsa gawoli. "Ndichiwonetsero chomwe ndikuyang'ana, makamaka," adatero.
Ndipo chifukwa chake Omidyar adayesa malingaliro ake: kulima mamiliyoni ku India SKS Microfinance kudzera pakuyika ndalama muzovala zandalama zazing'ono za Unitus. Mu 2010, SKS Microfinance idalemba a $350 miliyoni IPO zomwe zidapangitsa kuti olowa nawo ndalama komanso oyambitsa ndalama oyambilira ngati Unitus apeze phindu lonyansa. Wakuda, kulumikiza zopanda phindu/zopindulitsa Zomangamanga zidatsimikizira kuti okhawo omwe ali mkatimo amadziwa ngati Omidyar adapanga ndalama pazogulitsa zake.
Chokhacho chotsimikizirika chinali chakuti kuphulika kwa ngongole za microfinance ku Andrah Pradesh, motsogoleredwa ndi SKS Microfinance, kudasokoneza amayi omwe ali osauka kwambiri komanso omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri omwe ali ndi ngongole zomwe sakanatha kulipira, zomwe zinachititsa kuti azidzipha. An Kufufuza kwa AP okhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi othandizira a SKS Microfinance omwe amathandizidwa ndi Omidyar pakudzipha zingapo:
Mayi wina anamwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo anamwalira patatha tsiku limodzi kuchokera pamene wobwereketsa wa SKS atamuuza kuti achite uhule ana ake aakazi kuti alipire ngongole yake. Anapatsidwa ngongole zokwana 150,000 rupees ($3,000) koma ankangopeza ndalama zokwana 600 rupees ($12) pamlungu.
Wokhometsa ngongole wina wa SKS anauza wobwereketsa wachinyengo kuti adzigwetse mโdziwe ngati akufuna kuti ngongole yake ichotsedwe. Tsiku lotsatira, iye anatero. Anasiya ana anayi.
Wothandizira wina analetsa mayi wina kubweretsa mwana wake wamwamuna wamngโono, wofooka ndi matenda otsekula mโmimba, ku chipatala, akumafuna kuti alipidwe kaye. Obwereketsa ena, omwe sakanatha kupeza ngongole yatsopano mpaka atalipira, adamuuza kuti ngati akufuna kufa, amubweretsere mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Wantchito wa SKS analipo pomwe amamwa poizoni. Anapulumuka.
Mtsikana wazaka 18, adakakamizidwa mpaka adapereka ndalama zokwana 150 rupees ($3) - zolipirira mayeso asukulu - adamwanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Iye anasiya kalata yodzipha yakuti: โGwirani ntchito mwakhama kuti mupeze ndalama. Osatenga ngongole.
Pazochitika zonsezi, lipoti loperekedwa ndi SKS linanena kuti ogwira ntchito pakampaniyo anali ndi udindo mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina.
Pambuyo pa lipotili, Omidyar Network idasanthula SKS Microfinance patsamba lake. Wakale tsamba losungidwa akuwonetsa Omidyar akuyamikira SKS Microfinance chifukwa "chothandizira osauka akumidzi ku India" ndikuti "njira yotuluka" ya Unitus Private Equity Fund ya IPO "idzakopa ndalama zambiri kumsika."
M'malo mwake, Unitus idathetsa NGO yake yaying'ono yazachuma, kuchuluka kwa anthu osiya ntchito komanso mamiliyoni osasunthika adasuntha manja, SKS Microfinance idakhala gulu, ndipo Andhra Pradesh adapereka malamulo owongolera mabungwe azachuma. Ochepa ocheperako komanso osunga ndalama adatenga mamiliyoni otukwana, opitilira 200 adadzipha, ndipo madera akumidzi aku India adathedwa nzeru. Zolinga zodzikonda komanso zopezera phindu sizinapange zabwino kwambiri zomwe Omidyar amakhulupirira; ndipo komabe, Omidyar Network ikupitiliza kukulitsa mbiri ya microfinance - kapena "kuphatikiza zachuma" - ndalama.
eBay Shrugged
"Omidyar anasiya kulankhula za microfinance ngati njira yothetsera umphawi wapadziko lonse, ndipo m'malo mwake anafotokoza cholinga chake m'njira yogwirizana ndi zochitika za eBay." -latsopano Yorker
Chinsinsi chomvetsetsa mabiliyoni ambiri a eBay ndi zotsutsana zake zambiri - wogwira nawo ntchito muufumu wapadziko lonse wa Washington pamlingo wosayerekezeka pakufalitsa, pomwe adayambitsanso kotala biliyoni ya "adversarial journalism" yoyambitsa ndi kubisa mafayilo a Snowden NSA, the Chosungira chachikulu kwambiri chazinsinsi zachitetezo cha dziko chomwe chidatulutsidwa m'mbiri ya US - ndikumvetsetsa masomphenya a Omidyar a eBay-centric.
Omidyar ndi masomphenya munthu, monga wantchito wake nyenyezi Jeremy Scahill amatikumbutsa mosalekeza. Ndipo masomphenya ake adapangidwa, pazifukwa zomveka, ndi zomwe adakumana nazo kupanga madola mabiliyoni khumi usiku umodzi kuchokera pa eBay, zomwe Omidyar amakhulupirira kuti ndi umboni wa filosofi ndi makhalidwe abwino pantchito, osati kuphatikiza kwanzeru, mwayi, mwayi ... zinthu zochepa savory.
Mu 2000, Omidyar adauza wolemba mbiri yake ku New York Times, Adam Cohen, kuti adayambitsa eBay kuti apange "msika wabwino kwambiri" atamva kunyengedwa ndi momwe ma IPO aukadaulo koyambilira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 amalola olowa "kuzungulira" ma IPO kuti apeze phindu mwachangu asanatayire. iwo pamsika kwa osunga ndalama nthawi zonse - monga pre-eBay Omidyar. Cohen akulemba:
Pamene 3DO idalengeza za mapulani opita pagulu mu Meyi 1993, Omidyar adayika oda ya masheya kudzera muakaunti yake yazamalonda ya Charles Schwabโฆ. 3DO idapita pagulu pa $ 15 gawo, koma Omidyar atayang'ana akaunti yake, adamva kuti masheya adakwera 50 peresenti dongosolo lake lisanadzazidweโฆ. zinamudabwitsa kuti umu si mmene msika waulele umayenera kugwirira ntchitoโogula okondedwa amalipira mtengo umodzi, ndipo anthu wamba amapezanso zinthu zomwezo pakamphindi kochepa kwambiri.
Yankho la Omidyar linali malonda a pa intaneti.
Cohen, membala wa gulu la akonzi la New York Times, adapeza kuti nkhani ya Omidyar ndi yotsimikizika. Panali vuto limodzi lokha: Pa nthawi yomwe Omidyar ankapota ulusi uwu kwa Cohen, Omidyar anali. pofufuza m'mbiri yayikulu kwambiri ya IPO stock spinning m'mbiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa House, pobwezera Goldman Sachs phindu la eBay IPO, the "vampire squid" banki idakhazikitsa maakaunti achinsinsi a Omidyar ndi CEO Meg Whitman kuwalola kusuntha ma IPO ambiri aukadaulo asanapite kumsika - kuchotsera onse ogulitsa ogulitsa komanso oyambitsa. Omidyar adakhazikika amlandu wachinyengo wogawana nawo mu 2005 popanda kuvomereza cholakwa, chodabwitsa kwa wamasomphenya amene amakhulupirira mozama mu kuyankha.
Posachedwapa, Omidyar anali opatsa chidwi ndi a Federal Grand Jury chigawenga kufufuza m'maudindo ake ndi ena a eBay omwe amanenedwa kuti amaba a Craigslist "chinsinsi msuzi" kwa phindu la eBay.
Ngakhale kuti umbombo wa Omidyar ungamveke, ukugwirizana bwino ndi malingaliro ake a msika waulere, malingaliro omwe amaika patsogolo. kudzikonda ndi cholinga chopindulitsa ngati injini zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zoonadi, Omidyar weniweni sakufanana pang'ono ndi Omidyar wa nkhani zankhaninkhani - "billionaire woganiza bwino" komanso "billionaire kupatula" (Kubwereza Kwa Journalism), amene "kudzipereka ku mawonekedwe ofufuza ndi gulu lotseguka" kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, "tiyenera kupemphera kuti akhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wanzeru" (REUTERS) - kapena, Omidyar kuti wopambana Mphotho ya Pulitizer Glenn Greenwald adafotokozera Amy Goodman:
Ngati mungayang'ane mbiri ya Pierre yolimbikitsa anthu zaka zingapo zapitaziโฆ.Sakanayambitsa bizinesi yatsopano kuti apeze ndalama. Amangoyambitsa bizinesi yatsopano kuti akwaniritse zolinga zina, zongoganizira zachitukuko. โ
Kwenikweni, Omidyar weniweni sangayambe bizinesi yatsopano, kapena kutsata zolinga zachitukuko, popanda kuyika phindu pakatikati pa polojekitiyi. Yambani mfundo - chifukwa m'malingaliro a Omidyar, palibe chabwino chomwe chingabwere chifukwa chonyoza misika yaulere. Nchifukwa chake adamenyana ndi Yunus pa nkhondoyo mfundo za kulemeretsa anthu osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi kudzera mu ndalama zazingโono. Monga New Yorker adafotokozera izi:
"EBay ikhoza kukhala template yake yamtsogolo. Mu 2004, adayambitsa Omidyar Network, yomwe imapanga ndalama zopangira phindu komanso zopereka zachifundo, ndipo pamene anayamba kufufuza magalimoto okhala ndi eBay ngati katundu adaganiza kuti microfinance inali yodabwitsa kwambiri. Onse eBay ndi microfinance amalola anthu kuzindikira kuti akhoza kukhala amalondaโฆ. Zonsezi zikhoza kuwonedwa ngati ziwonetsero za mfundo za msika waulere. Onsewa amatha kuwonedwa ngati mabizinesi omwe phindu lawo limalumikizidwa ndi momwe amakhalira ndi anthu. Omidyar anasiya kulankhula za microfinance ngati njira yothetsera umphawi wapadziko lonse, ndipo m'malo mwake adalongosola ntchito yake m'njira yogwirizana ndi zochitika za eBay. "
Ndizosatheka kwa ife omwe si anthu mabiliyoni ambiri kumvetsetsa momwe "philanthropy" ya Omidyar Network imapangidwira ndi zokonda zamakampani a eBay/PayPal: chidwi chake chandalama zazing'ono kwa osauka adziko lapansi chimapangidwa ndi eBay, komanso media Yoyamba - yomwe. mwamakhalidwe akufanana ndi Omidyar Network's murky profit/nonprofit pretzel - ikuwoneka kuti ndi eBay-masomphenya-in-progress.
Mofanana ndi masomphenya a Omidyar okhudzana ndi ndalama zazing'ono zodzithandizira yekha monga njira yabwino kwambiri "yachiyanjano," Omidyar adanena momveka bwino kuti akufuna First Look ikhale "yodzithandizira" kuchokera ku phindu la "kampani yaukadaulo" ya First Look yomwe "idzapanga zatsopano." zida zapa media za zinthu za First Look. " eBay - zomwe zimapereka anthu "Zida zokwaniritsira zolinga zawo," ndipo amene "kuchuluka kwake" kumawonetsa "bizinesi ingakhalenso chida chothandizira anthu abwino" - ndi chitsanzo chachifundo cha Omidyar Network; ndipo potsiriza, bwalo akutseka monga eBay amasintha lokha "digito magazini ya zinthu zonse," malinga ndi akale Omidyar wolemba ntchito mu Atlantic:
eBay ikulemba olemba ntchito ndi olemba aatali kuti athandize kusintha malo ake kukhala "magazini ya digito," malinga ndi pulezidenti wa eBay Marketplaces. Devin Wenigโฆ. Akufuna eBay kukhala wofalitsa-wogulitsa, osati malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
"Tsopano tili mubizinesi yokhutira," adatero Wenig. "Kotero, kwa nthawi yoyamba, eBay ili ndi mawu. Tikunena nkhani. Tili ndi mkonzi. Tili ndi ma curators. Ndipo tili ndi olemba pa-antchito. Mudzawona izi zikusintha kukhala nkhani zazitali, zithunzi zokongola kwambiriโฆ Zili ngati media. โ
Kuyang'ana kudzera m'magalasi a Omidyar, komanso kudzera m'mawu a Omidyar, zotsutsana zomwe zili mkati mwa White House-Omidyar yemwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi chitetezo cha dziko, komanso wofalitsa wa maverick-Omidyar akulonjeza kulimbana ndi chitetezo cha dziko, sizotsutsana kwenikweni. . Chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala yankho limodzi lolondola nthawi zonse zomwe zimakonda ziwirizi zikakumana, kaphatikizidwe kamodzi kuzomwe amati: Chidwi cha omwe ali ndi masheya chimakhala cholondola nthawi zonse. Omidyar mwini anafotokoza, m'mawu ake omwe, masomphenya ake a eBaysian pa nkhani ya WikiLeaks, pamene adasankha zofuna zake.eBay/PayPalOgawana nawo - Omidyar kukhala wogawana nawo nambala wani - pachilichonse, kuphatikiza mfundo yoteteza ufulu wolankhula komanso kukana kuponderezedwa ndi boma pa WikiLeaks. M'mawu ake a PayPal-WikiLeaks, Omidyar analemba:
Masiku ano, zikuwoneka, chidziwitso cha kufufuza kwachigawenga ndichokwanira kukakamiza mabizinesi omwe chifukwa chake sichiri Kusintha Koyamba kuti adule wofalitsa momwe Amazon, PayPal, Visa ndi Mastercard aliyense adachitira WikiLeaks. (Kuwululidwa: Civil Beat Publisher Pierre Omidyar ndi wapampando wa eBay, yemwe ali ndi PayPal.) Mosiyana ndi atolankhani akale, a Oyang'anira mabizinesiwa sangauze eni ake masheya kuti zingapweteke kampani yawo kwambiri kunyalanyaza mfundo zachikhalidwe kuposa kugwetsa kasitomala. Ndiufulu wawo ndi mchitidwe wamba kutseka kasitomala akalandira madandaulo kuchokera kwa ofufuza milandu, ngakhale popanda chilolezo cha khothi. Izi ngakhale kukhalapo kwa kafukufuku waupandu sikuwonetsa kuti ndi wolakwa.
Oyang'anira ali ndi udindo wochita zabwino kwa omwe ali nawo.Ndipo ngati sanayankhe machenjezo aboma, atha kuyika bizinesi yawo pachiwopsezo.
Palibe kukayikira, ndipo palibe kusiyana pakati pa Omidyar yemwe anakangana ndi Yunnus wopambana Mphoto ya Mtendere wa Nobel za kufunika kopindula ndi obwereketsa osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi; kapena Omidyar yemwe adatsata zofuna zawo za eni ake a eBay pa mfundo zopanda phindu monga ufulu wofotokozera; kapena Omidyar amene asankha kugwirizana ndi USAID ku Ukraine, kapena ankhanza ultranationalists ku India amene mfundo zake zingathandize eBay pa mfundo.
Zotsutsanazi zimakhalapo m'maganizo mwa iwo omwe akuyembekeza ndi kulota za Omidyar yosiyana, Omidyar ya nthano zaulere.
(Zikomo mwapadera kwa Aditya Velivelli pondithandiza kundiphunzitsa za ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ku IndiaโMA)
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama