Mtundu Wakuda: Malingaliro aku Japan pa National Strategy
Wolemba Richard Tanter
Kuchokera pakati pa ufumu, mapu a dziko lonse lapansi alibe kanthu, amaganiziridwa kuti ndi "monga ife" ndipo motero amatopetsa, kapena "osati monga ife" motero ndi chidwi chochepa. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, dziko lonse lapansi silidera nkhawa kwenikweni kwa iwo omwe ali pakatikati, mpaka madontho oyipa a "malo ovuta" asokoneza kuwonekera kwamphamvu kwachifumu.
Maiko omwe ali m'mphepete mwa ufumuwo akuyenera kudziwa zambiri za geography, kuti asakhale panjira. Ngakhale ngati, monga nkhondo ya pambuyo pa nkhondo ya Japan ndi Australia, ali ogwirizana ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndipo sakukumana ndi zoopsa zankhondo zakunja, mbiri yawo imalembedwa modabwitsa nthawi zambiri ngati nkhani ya nkhawa. Ndi zodetsa nkhawa, awiriwa, nthawi zonse amayang'ana kunja ndi kumtunda, akudandaula ngati akuchita zoyenera pakati pawo, akudandaula ngati akuchita zambiri, kapena zochepa kwambiri. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, malingaliro anzeru odziyimira pawokha sapezeka kawirikawiri. Atsogoleri andale nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwirizana kwambiri, ndipo ntchito zimapangidwa ndi kulumikizana ndi madipatimenti oyenera a Imperial Center.
Zotsatizana zaposachedwa za Honda Masaru mu Asahi Shimbun zimagwira anthu apamwamba aku Japan akuganiza za komwe akuganiza kuti akuyenera kusuntha dzikolo panthawi yosangalatsa - mwina yomwe pambuyo pake idzawoneka ngati yatsala pang'ono kusintha. Polankhula ndi akatswiri 40, akuluakulu a boma ndi akuluakulu a ndale, ogwira ntchito komanso opuma pantchito, Honda amapereka chithunzithunzi cha nkhawa za nkhandwe ndi nkhunda, panthawi yomwe mbalamezi zimatambasula mapiko awo.
Mndandandawu umayamba ndi chimodzi mwazofotokozera za nkhani za ku Japan za mbiri yamakono - "zolakwa zakale za Japan". Ndi mawu ochititsa chidwi onena za utsamunda, zankhondo komanso nkhondo zowopsa za gawo loyamba la ulamuliro wa mfumu ya Showa (1925-45). Mawuwa akuyimira kukonzanso zomwe zidachitika kale zomwe zinali zovomerezeka kwa ambiri omwe adamanganso dzikolo, monga a John Dower adanenera, povomereza kugonja, koma ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ndi mawu osasangalatsa, kusagwirizana kosagwirizana ndi zolankhula za anthu, pakati pa omwe angalankhule za nkhondo zokhudzana ndi zolakwa zomwe Japan anachita mu nkhondo za China ndi Pacific ndi iwo omwe, monga ambiri omwe ali pafupi ndi nduna yaikulu, tsopano akuyankhula nawo. kunyada kwa gawo la Japan mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yakum'mawa kwa Asia. "Zolakwa" ndi trope kuti mbali zonse angatanthauzire mosiyana kukhutitsidwa kwawo.
Zoyankhulana za Honda ndizabwino kwambiri pa funso la kudziyimira pawokha komanso kudalira komanso malingaliro a mibadwo yatsopano yomwe imakwiyira kuvomereza, komanso kukumbatirana, kugonjetsedwa. Uwu ndi utundu wa anthu osankhika - wokwiya komanso wokwiya. Honda ndiyabwino kwambiri popereka mawu oda nkhawa komanso achiwembu osati a omwe akuwakayikira monga Prime Minister wakale Nakasone Yasuhiro ndi hyperbolic Morimoto Satoshi, komanso omwe sanatchulidwe omwe ali pamwamba pachitetezo chachitetezo. Mmodzi mwa "akatswiri ambiri achitetezo" omwe amavomerezana ndi Nakasone adakwiya kuti US "idasokoneza dziko la Japan ndi mgwirizano wamayiko awiri" ndipo "adakokera Japan kumsika waku America". โJapani inaliโ, muumbombo wake wa kukula kwachuma, โyokhutiritsidwa ndi makonzedwewo kotero kuti inaiwala chenicheni chodalira kwambiri [US].โ
Honda amakwaniritsa maakaunti okhazikika a chiphunzitso cha Yoshida - kulowera ku United States, kunyalanyaza zofuna zake zankhondo mopitilira muyeso, ndikukhazikitsa njira yopangira ndalama zamalonda - ndi madandaulo a omwe adafunsidwa pazina zomwe sizikudziwika bwino. Kumbali yodziletsa chinsinsi chimodzi ndi vuto laulamuliro wokha: kulephera kuphatikizira bwino zamakina amphamvu ndi chuma - kapena zokambirana, mphamvu ndi zachuma. Kwa ambiri okonda dziko - komanso kwa omwe amawathandizira mawu ku Washington - izi zikuwonekera kwambiri pazalamulo ndi zowongolera zomwe SDF imatha kuchita ngati gulu lankhondo la "dziko labwinobwino", komanso "zoperewera" zachitetezo cha dzikoli. zida zopangira zisankho. "Njira yadziko" iyenera, kutero, kulibe pamene pali zofooka zotere.
Sitikumva mawu a onse omwe anafunsidwa a Honda, koma pali ena omwe amakweza matembenuzidwe osiyanasiyana a mavutowa. Kazembe wakale wa Ogura Kazuo akulozera ku funso lodziwikiratu lomwe liyenera kufunsidwa Japan isanavomereze kukakamiza kwakukulu komanso kosalekeza kwa US kuti "agwire ntchito zake zapadziko lonse lapansi" motsutsana ndi China ndi "chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi": "[t] dongosolo ladziko lonse la Japan silingaganize. zikhale zofanana ndi dongosolo lapadziko lonse la United States likuyesera kupanga. " Timamva zochepa kwambiri za Ogura kuti titsimikizire za nkhawa zake, koma m'magawo ngati amenewa, kusiyana kungaphatikizepo kugawa mphamvu m'mabungwe azachuma padziko lonse lapansi monga IMF ndi World Bank, motero mtundu wa "malangizo" operekedwa. mavuto a kudalirana kwa mayiko monga vuto la ndalama la ku Asia la 1997-98; mayankho ku vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo; nzeru yolumikizana kwambiri ndi United States pa mfundo zonse za ku Middle East ndi East Asia, nthawi iliyonse kubetcha mosafunikira ndi likulu lachifumu motsutsana ndi omwe apambana kwanthawi yayitali.
Mndandandawu ndi waufupi, ndipo ngodya zimadulidwa chifukwa cha kudalira komanso kusagwira ntchito. Patsiku lomwe udindo wokhazikika wadziko la Japan pambuyo pa nkhondo idakhazikitsidwa ku San Francisco ndikusaina pangano lamtendere komanso mgwirizano wachitetezo ku Japan ndi US, Prime Minister Yoshida adasainanso kalata yolembedwa ndi John Foster Dulles. kunyalanyaza kuthekera kwa Japan yodziyimira payokha kukhazikitsa ubale waukazembe ndi chikominisi chatsopano cha China. Yoshida anachita zonse zomwe akanatha ndi zida zomwe zinali pafupi, koma dzikolo silinapezenso ulamuliro wonse. Mawu oti akhazikitsenso dziko labwino amabisa zovuta zonse za ntchitoyo komanso kuopsa kwa njira yomwe ikulamulira dziko. Zowonadi, kupambana kwa kuyika kwa mawuwo - "kubwezeretsanso Japan ngati dziko labwinobwino" - muzokambirana zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi, zakhala chimodzi mwazopambana zazikulu zautundu pambuyo pa Cold War. Chifukwa chake "normalised", lingaliro la Japan ngati dziko labwinobwino palokha limakhala, mowopsa, mawu omwe amatanthauza zinthu zosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Pomwe okonda dziko la Japan akukwiya chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimabwera chifukwa chodalira mgwirizano wautali malinga ndi "kuwonongedwa kwa dziko la Japan", olamulira a demokalase aku Japan akuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwa maziko achikhalidwe ndi ndale kuti pakhale njira ina yanyumba yamalamulo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zaka zoposa makumi asanu mu ndale Nakasone wasankha chitetezo ndi maphunziro monga madera ake awiri ofunika "kuthetsa nkhani za pambuyo pa nkhondo" - ndi US, yomwe m'maso mwa Nakasone yasokoneza dziko la Japan.
Koma chododometsa ndichakuti ma demokalase ku Japan alephera kufotokoza njira yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika ku dongosolo lomwe lilipo lomwe adatengera ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi United States. Palibe mphamvu zotsutsa zotsutsana ndi aphungu, kutsutsa kwanyumba yamalamulo kuli kopanda mano, ndipo palibe chiyembekezo cha kusintha kulikonse mu boma limodzi (kapena theka) lachipani mtsogolomu. Kukana kukakamizidwa kochulukirachulukira kuchokera ku US ndi okonda dziko pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumatenga njira yodzitchinjiriza komanso yotsimikiza za momwe zinthu ziliri - mwachiwonekere mozungulira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, kuyambira pamenepo, mbendera, nyimbo, ndi SDF. Kunena mosiyana, ngakhale otsutsa ankhanza sapereka njira zina zosinthira momwe zinthu ziliri zomwe zimadalira mphamvu yaku America kuti ifotokozere gawo la Japan padziko lonse lapansi.
Zopatulapo zolemekezeka zochepa, mafunso ofunikira samatsutsana pagulu m'njira yopangira chikhulupiriro cha anthu kuti atha kukhala ndi njira ina. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro abwino kwambiri odziyimira pawokha pambuyo pankhondo - yomwe idakana kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo zaku Korea ndi Vietnam, gulu lachitetezo la anthu wamba ndi asitikali likukana mgwirizano wa Japan pamalingaliro a Weinberger okhudza "chitetezo cha njira zolumikizirana zam'nyanja" masiku a "chiwopsezo cha Soviet ku Pacific", zowonetsera modabwitsa za chikhalidwe cha Article 9 mu 1970s ndi 1980s Japanese kuganiza za "chitetezo cha anthu" ndi "chitetezo chokwanira" - tsopano chatsala pang'ono kuiwalika.
Ku Japan kuli kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kokhudzana ndi momwe ndondomeko zamakono zilili, koma pafupifupi zonsezi sizikugwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amalakwiridwa ndi kutsimikiza mtima, maudindo osasunthika nthawi zonse amatayika pakapita nthawi mu ndale. Pokhapokha ngati masomphenya ena aku Japan akuzama ndi kukoka mphamvu afotokozedwe posachedwa, pafupifupi zabwino zonse za chikhalidwe chopangidwa ndi Ndime 9 zidzasungunuka pamaso pa kuukira kwa malingaliro a utundu, ngakhale utundu womwe udalowetsedwa m'malo olimbikitsidwanso ndipo tsopano. zapadziko lonse lapansi, mgwirizano wa US.
Kudera nkhaลตa za njira ya maboma a mayiko ndikofunika kwambiri poyang'anizana ndi kusagwirizana ndi kusalingana kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha mayiko kusiyana ndi kale, chifukwa chakuti mphamvu za maboma a mayiko zikuchepa. Zambiri mwazokonda zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zinali ndi chikhalidwe cha Gawo 9 zidatha ndikupita kwa mibadwo yomwe idadziwa nkhondo mwachindunji. Chikhulupiriro ndi kudzipereka ku ntchito yachitetezo chapadziko lonse ya United Nations yomwe idasiyanitsa Japan kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa mayiko otukuka otukuka kwakhala kotheratu, ngakhale kuti sikokwanira, chifukwa cha ziwawa zadziko ndi America, komanso kukhumudwitsidwa kwambiri pambuyo pa Cold War UN. yokha.
Ufulu wamasiku ano wa ku Japan, monga waku Australia, umaphatikizapo kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa mayiko ku mgwirizano, nthawi zonse kufunafuna njira yopezera ufulu weniweni, komanso kukonda dziko laling'ono komwe sikumatsutsana pakati pa kukhulupirika ku dziko ndi kukhulupirika ku ufumu. Nakasone anayamba kulamulira akulankhula chinenero cha msasa woyamba, ndiyeno, mwamanyazi kwambiri, adapeza kuti akuyenera kusewera nthochi yachiwiri kwa Ronald Reagan muwonetsero wa Ron-Yasu, kunyoza anzake akale monga Ishihara Shintaro. Zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, yemwe adalowa m'malo mwake, a Koizumi Junichiro, akuyang'anira ntchito ziwiri zachitetezo cha njira zadziko la Japan potengera mtundu wankhondo womwe umatha kukwaniritsa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira ku Washington komanso zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. utundu wovomerezeka ndi wamphamvu.
Richard Tanter adalemba nkhaniyi ku Japan Focus. Iye ndi Acting Director wa Nautilus Institute ku RMIT, amayang'anira Austral Peace and Security Project http://nautilus.org/~rmit/index.html ndi Global Collaborative, ndipo ndi mnzake waku Japan Focus. Ndi mkonzi wina (ndi Gerry Van Klinken ndi Desmond Ball) wa Masters of Terror: Asilikali a Indonesia ku East Timor mu 1999 (kusindikiza kwachiwiri), (Rowman ndi Littlefield, 2006). Imelo: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Kufunafuna Njira Zatsopano: Kulimbana kwa Japan Kudziganizira Lokha mu National Strategy
ndi Masaru Honda
Kulankhula za "Njira Yadziko Lonse" ya Japan nthawi zambiri kumapewedwa m'dziko lino kuyambira kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, makamaka chifukwa cha zolakwika zakale za Japan.
Japan ndi dera lamphamvu ku Asia ndipo ndi dziko lachiwiri pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi.
Zochita zake zimayambitsa chisokonezo padziko lonse lapansi kaya imakonda kapena ayi.
Ndipo pamene mayiko amphamvu alakwa mโnjira zawo kapena kulephera kuwamveketsa bwino, anansi awo amada nkhaลตa.
Asahi Shimbun anafunsa akatswiri 40 za njira ya dziko la Japan, kapena kusowa kwake, mโzaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo. Kuchokera kwa akatswiri amaphunziro mpaka opanga mfundo, malingaliro awo aperekedwa pansipa.
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ufulu
Ambiri mwa akatswiri The Asahi Shimbun adalankhula nawo adanena kuti m'malingaliro awo, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Cold War mpaka pano, Japan inalibe njira yadziko.
Komabe, malingaliro okhudza nthawi yapakati pa ufulu wa Japan ndi koyambirira kwa 1970s adagawanika.
Kusiyanaku kumawoneka kudalira ngati chiphunzitso chotchedwa Yoshida cha 1951 mpaka 1972, njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Prime Minister wakale Yoshida Shigeru, iyenera kuonedwa ngati njira yeniyeni yadziko.
Nthawiyi imachokera kumapeto kwa ntchito ya Japan ndi Allied Forces mpaka nthawi yomwe Okinawa adabwezeredwa ku Japan kuchokera ku ulamuliro wa US.
Nakanishi Hiroshi, pulofesa wa ndale zapadziko lonse pa yunivesite ya Kyoto, akuona kuti maphunziro a ku Japan pambuyo pa nkhondo, monga momwe Yoshida anakhazikitsira, analidi โnjira yamtundu uliwonse.โ
M'malingaliro a Nakanishi, zinthu zitatu - kupitilira pambuyo pakukhala dziko logonjetsedwa, kugwirizana ndi United States ndi Britain, ndi kubwezeretsa chuma - zidadutsana ndikuphatikizana kukhala njira imodzi.
โPankhani ya zokambirana, makamaka, poyesetsa kuti dziko la Japan likhale dziko labwino komanso kuti lisakhale dziko logonjetsedwa, Yoshida ayenera kuti anaganiza kuti njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta yochitira zimenezi inali kupeza thandizo la United States,โ Nakanishi. adatero.
"Njirayi idapangidwanso ndi omwe adalowa m'malo mwake, monga nduna zazikulu Ikeda Hayato ndi Sato Eisaku, ndipo idakhazikika pakati pa anthu m'ma 1960."
Malingaliro awa akugawidwa ndi akuluakulu ambiri a Unduna wa Zakunja. Kuriyama Takakazu, yemwe kale anali kazembe ku United States, akuganiza kuti chiphunzitso cha Yoshida chinalimbikitsa mtendere mโdzikoli ndipo chinathandiza kuti dzikolo libwererenso pambuyo pa nkhondo.
"Zidapanga maziko a chitukuko chake pambuyo pake, motero, njira yadziko lino idakhala yopambana," adatero Kuriyama.
Prime Minister wakale Nakasone Yasuhiro, kumbali ina, akutsutsa njira ya Yoshida.
"Imeneyi inali mfundo yotsatizana ndi United States," adatero Nakasone.
"M'chenicheni, chofunika kwambiri chinali kukonzanso chuma, ndipo panalibe mwayi wodzipangira njira."
Nakasone akunena kuti maphunziro a Yoshida analibe masomphenya omanga dziko pambuyo pa nkhondo ponena za zinthu monga Constitution, maphunziro ndi chitetezo.
"Zinalibe lingaliro lachitukuko cha dziko," adatero.
Ananenanso kuti Japan iyenera kuti idagwira ntchito limodzi ndi United States kuti ipange njira yapadziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale pansi pa dongosolo la Japan-US Security Treaty, pofotokoza malingaliro ake ku Washington.
Kudzudzula kofananako kungamvekenso kwa akatswiri ambiri achitetezo.
Mkulu wina wa bungwe loona za chitetezo ku United States ananena kuti: โAnthu olemera a ku United States anadzaza dziko la Japan ndi pangano la chitetezo cha mayiko awiriwa,โ anatero mkulu wina wa bungwe loona za chitetezo ku United States. โIzo zinakokera Japan kumsika wa ku America, ndipo monga momwe kungathekere anavomereza kudzikonda kwa Japan kotero kuti Japan ipitirire kukhala patsogolo polimbana ndi chikominisi.
"Japan idakhutira ndi dongosololi kotero kuti idayiwala zenizeni zodalira kwambiri."
Malingaliro osiyanawa ndi mbali ziwiri za ndalama imodzi. Kugwirizana kukuwoneka kuti chiphunzitso cha Yoshida chinasankha kutukuka kwa Japan pamtengo wa kudziyimira pawokha. Kuona phindu la njirayo kumadalira ngati munthu amayang'ana kwambiri ubwino wake kapena zovuta zake.
Chidani
Zokambirana za Prime Minister wakale Kishi Nobusuke zidazungulira mfundo zitatu: kukhazikika kwa zokambirana za Japan pa United Nations, kugwirizana ndi dziko laulere, ndikusunga udindo wa Japan ku Asia.
Ulamuliro wotsatira unkawoneka kuti unasunga mfundo zimenezo, makamaka patali. Zowona, komabe, ndikuti ubale wa Japan-US wapanga maziko a mfundo zakunja zaku Japan.
Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali zoyesayesa kupanga ndondomeko ya ku Asia yomwe inali yodziimira payekha, monga chiphunzitso cha Fukuda kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, iwo nthawizonse anali mkati mwa malire a zomwe ndondomeko za Cold War za Washington zingalolere.
โKukhala ndi mfundo kumapulumutsa kulingalira ndi nthaลตi,โ anatero mkulu wina wa Unduna wa Zakunja.
"Ngati tili ndi mfundo yokhazikika, ndiye kuti sitiyenera kukayika nthawi iliyonse tikamatsutsana.
"Kwa ine, sindimakayikira mfundo yakuti chitukuko cha mgwirizano wa Japan-U.S. chili ndi zofuna za Japan. Zolinga zanga ndikungoyang'ana zoyeserera pakuwongolera mgwirizanowu. โ
Ndemanga za mkuluyo zikusonyeza kuti kwa wina yemwe ali ndi zokambirana pa ntchito yogwira ntchito palibe malo oti azingoganiziranso njira zoyambira.
Zowonadi, kuyang'anira mgwirizano wamayiko awiri kwakhala ntchito yovuta.
Ngakhale kuti United States inali ndi theka la GDP yapadziko lonse mโzaka za mโma 1950, chiลตerengero chimenecho chinatsika pafupifupi 30 peresenti mโma 1980. GDP ya Japan, kumbali ina, idakwera kufika theka la United States '. Kusintha kumeneku kunakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha mikangano yamalonda pakati pa mayiko awiriwa, ndipo chifukwa chake Washington inayamba kuitanitsa Tokyo kuti atenge mbali yaikulu mu mgwirizanowu.
Ena mu United States anayamba kudandaula kuti njira ya Yoshida inali chabe mercantilism.
Komabe, Tokyo sanayang'anenso mfundo zaukazembe waku Japan, ndikusankha njira zoyimitsa, nthawi yonseyi ndikubwereza mawu kunyumba kuti "Japan-U.S. ubale sunakhalepo wabwinopo. "
Kenako mu 1989, Nkhondo Yamawuyo inatha.
Mmodzi yemwe anali mkulu wa Unduna wa Zachilendo, yemwe anali pachimake pa undunawu, adavomereza mosadziwika kuti andale komanso unduna womwewo alibe malingaliro oyenera panjira.
"M'dongosolo la Cold War, sitinayenera kuganizira za njira yomwe tikuyenera kutsata ndi zomwe tiyenera kuchita kuti tikafikeko," adatero mkuluyo.
"Ndikugwa kwadongosolo, tidakhala ozindikira kwambiri kuti tiyenera kudziganizira tokha."
Andale ndi akuluakulu a undunawu anali atazolowera kuti asaganize kuti nkhondo ya Mawu itatha anali osowa podziwa kuti adalira chiyani kapena momwe angaganizire okha, adatero mkuluyo.
Ndi mmene zinthu zilili, mkuluyo akuvomereza kuti zikuchitikabe mpaka pano.
Mu nthawi ya pambuyo pa Cold War
Japan tsopano ikuyang'anizana ndi ntchito yaikulu yothandiza kumanga ndi kusunga dongosolo ladziko lonse mu nyengo yatsopano. Sitingathenso kumangoyang'ana zofuna za dziko monga momwe zilili kale.
Kutumiza Gulu Lankhondo Lodzitchinjiriza kuti lichite nawo ntchito zosungitsa mtendere za UN inali gawo la malangizowo. Lina linali lingaliro la Tokyo lokonzanso bungwe la U.N. Security Council.
Chofunika kwambiri, komabe, ndikuti ngati Japan ili ndi njira yokwanira yochirikiza zisankho zotere.
Pamsonkhano wawo wa Meyi 2003, Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro ndi Purezidenti wa US George W. Bush adagwirizana kuti mgwirizano wa Japan-U.S. Chotsatira choyamba cha mgwirizanowu chinali kutumiza kwa Tokyo kwa asitikali a SDF ku Iraq.
Koma kufotokoza kwa Koizumi za kusamukako sikunawonekere kukhala kozikidwa pa njira yokwanira.
"Mgwirizano wa Japan ndi US udasiya kuteteza Japan kupita ku mayiko awiri omwe akunyamula udindo wapadziko lonse lapansi," atero a Kazuo Ogura, Purezidenti wa Japan Foundation.
"Komabe, dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe Japan likuwona silingafanane ndi dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe United States ikuyesera kupanga. Ndi choncho? Japan tsopano ikuyang'anizana ndi funso lalikulu limenelo, "anatero Ogura, yemwe kale anali ndi maudindo a kazembe wa Japan ku South Korea ndi France.
Mu February 2005, Tokyo ndi Washington adakhazikitsa zolinga zofananira pakusintha kwapadziko lonse kwa asitikali aku US, kuphatikiza nkhani zokhudzana ndi China ndi Taiwan. Japan miyezi ingapo m'mbuyomo idakonzanso dongosolo lachitetezo chanthawi yayitali la dzikolo.
Mfundo zomwe zidasinthidwa ku Japan zidaphatikizanso kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wachitetezo ku Japan-U.S.
Izi ndizowonjezera zatsopano ku ndondomeko ya chitetezo, ndipo zimafuna kukulitsa ntchito za SDF. Mkulu wa bungwe la Defense Agency adatcha dongosololi "njira yodzitetezera." Kufotokozera momveka bwino njira ya dziko motere kunali kofunika kuti anthu asamakhale ndi ulamuliro pa SDF. Komabe, chifukwa boma silinapangebe ndikufotokozera njira zomveka bwino zamayiko kapena akazembe, njira yodzitetezera idadzetsa nkhawa pakati pa oyandikana nawo aku Japan. Mayikowa amadabwa kuti Japan ikuchita chiyani.
Panthawiyi, dziko la Japan liyenera kupanga ndondomeko ya dziko lonse yomwe ikuwonetsera malingaliro a dzikolo pa momwe angapangire ndi kukonza bata padziko lonse, poganizira malingaliro a United States ndi Asia.
Imeneyi idzakhala sitepe yoyamba yomanganso zokambirana za ku Japan zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zatayika posachedwa pamafunde a dziko ndi populism.
Akatswiri omwe adafunsidwa ndi Asahi Shimbun adafotokozanso malingaliro omwewo ponena za zovuta zomwe zikukumana ndi zokambirana ndi chitetezo cha Japan.
Kusowa njira yogwirizana
Kupanga ndondomeko ya dziko kumaphatikizapo kusankha kuti ndi ziti mwazinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kukhala patsogolo. Ndondomeko zokhazikitsidwa ndi nduna yaikulu ndi alangizi ake akuluakulu ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu ndondomekoyi. Komabe, sanakhalepo. Ndipo zimenezi zadzetsa chisokonezo ponena za zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
โEconomic and diplomacy iyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi. Koma sipanakhalepo mayendedwe ophatikizira zochita zawo, "Sakakibara Eisuke, wachiwiri kwa nduna ya zachuma pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, adakumbukira nthawi yomwe adagwira ntchito yayikuluyi.
"Unduna wa Zachuma udatsogolera zokambirana zandalama zapadziko lonse popanda kufunsa Unduna wa Zakunja, womwe umayang'anira kwambiri zokambirana pazachitetezo. Ndikuganiza kuti unduna wakale wa Zamalonda ndi Zamalonda wapadziko Lonse unagwiranso ntchito modziyimira pawokha pothetsa nkhani zamalonda ndi mayiko ena,โ adatero. "M'boma la Japan munalibe njira yophatikizira zonsezi, komanso andale sanayese nkomwe."
Tsopano pulofesa ku Waseda University, Sakakibara adati zinthu sizinasinthe.
Ngakhale ku Unduna wa Zachilendo, zikuwoneka kuti kuyesetsa pang'ono kumapangidwa pakati pa akuluakulu kuti akhazikitse zofunika pazandale.
โUnduna wa Zachilendo umagwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru nduna zazikulu ndi nduna zakunja mโnjira zosiyanasiyana, kuti zipindule,โ anatero mkulu wina wa boma.
Nkhani ya diplomatic policy ikhonza kuyendetsedwa ndi mkulu wa division, kenako nkukaperekedwa kwa mkulu wa ofesiyo asanakafike kwa wachiwiri kwa nduna. Nkhani zina zimapita kwa nduna yakunja, pomwe zina zofunika zimapita kwa nduna yayikulu. Ndi dongosolo lokhazikika lomwe silisiya mkangano wochepa pakati pa opanga mfundo.
"Palibe kukambirana kulikonse pakati pa akuluakulu aboma pazomwe angasankhe asanasankhe," adatero mkulu wakale wa boma.
Mu 1986, boma linakhazikitsa Bungwe Loona za Chitetezo ku Japan kuti lisamalire zigamulo zachitetezo cha dziko. Potsogozedwa ndi nduna yayikulu, khonsoloyi idaphatikizapo nduna za nduna zowona za maiko akunja, zachuma, malonda ndi chuma ndi chitetezo ndi zina. Idakhazikitsidwa kuti ilimbikitse ntchito ya nduna pakukhazikitsa mfundo zachitetezo cha dziko.
Komabe, Morimoto Satoshi, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa Unduna wa Zachilendo wokhudzidwa ndi ndondomeko za chitetezo yemwe tsopano ndi pulofesa wa nkhani za chitetezo pa yunivesite ya Takushoku ku Tokyo, adakayikira ufulu wa bungweli.
Ananenanso kuti zonena za nduna zonse mu Security Council zidagamulidwa pamisonkhano pakati pa akuluakulu a maunduna ndi mabungwe ofananirako kutatsala tsiku limodzi pamaso pa khonsoloyo. Ananenanso kuti misonkhano yamakhonsolo ya mamembala a nduna inali chabe "miyambo" yokhala ndi sitampu.
"Bureaucracy imatsogolera. Misonkhano ya khonsolo ilibe kanthu. Unduna umagawa mphamvu malinga ndi madera awo,โ adatero Morimoto. "Dongosololi limapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kupanga njira (zogwirizana) zadziko."
Gulu la upangiri kwa Prime Minister pazamisonkhano, motsogozedwa ndi kazembe wakale Yukio Okamoto, mu 2002 adalangiza bungwe lachitetezo kuti likhazikitsidwe mkati mwa nduna. Komabe, Prime Minister akuwoneka kuti adanyalanyaza lipotilo mpaka pano.
Nkhaniyi idapezeka mu IHT/Asahi Shimbun pa Meyi 4, 2006.
Honda Masaru ndi Asahi Shimbun Senior Staff Wolemba.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama