"Aliyense amene ali ndi unyamata ali ndi tsogolo."
-Hitler mu Mein Kampf
Chifasimu m’njira zake zosiyanasiyana chakhala chikuyenda bwino nthaŵi zonse poukira aphunzitsi, masukulu, malingaliro otsutsa, makhalidwe ademokalase, ndi magulu amene amati ndi osakonda dziko lawo pamene akuletsa kusagwirizana m’dzina lonenedwa laufulu. Ron DeSantis ndi wachipembedzo, wandale, komanso wandale yemwe amawona mphamvu ndi wankhanza monga momwe amaonera mwayi. Amawona ufulu wamaphunziro ndi ufulu wolankhula ngati zolakwa zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa, mosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Germany ya Nazi. Wapanga zida za boma kuti zilange mafakitale monga Disney omwe adatsutsa bilu yake ya "musanene kuti gay". Mkhalidwe wowopsa wa chitsanzochi uyenera kumveka bwino, makamaka ponena za momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maboma opondereza m'mbuyomu.[1] Wasayina mulamulo Bill 233 yomwe imafuna kuti makoleji aboma aku Florida ndi mayunivesite azifufuza pachaka za zikhulupiriro za ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi kuti "adziwe kuchuluka kwa mabungwe a 'ufulu waluntha ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamalingaliro'." Munthu angangoganiza kuti iwo omwe ali ndi malingaliro osagwirizana ndi momwe DeSantis amaonera mbiri yakale, ndale, ndi ulamuliro adzatchedwa "osakonda dziko" ndipo adzakakamizika kuti agwirizane ndi maphunziro ake ophunzitsa ndi ndondomeko kapena kutaya ntchito. Izi sizosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika pakusaka mfiti komwe kunachitika nthawi ya McCarthy ndi Komiti Yanyumba Yoyang'anira Ntchito Zosagwirizana ndi Amereka m'ma 1950 pomwe masukulu angapo adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chokhala ndi malingaliro oukira.[2] Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro oletsa a DeSantis, ndi magawo onse a maphunziro - monga maphunziro a jenda ndi mtundu - akufuna kusintha kuphunzira ku koleji ndi kuyunivesite kukhala mtundu wa kupusa, womwe cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchepetsa luso la achinyamata loganiza. motsutsa, phunzirani kuchokera ku mbiriyakale, ndi kupanga mphamvu kuyankha.
Gawo lililonse la maphunziro likuzunguliridwa ku Florida. Pankhani ya maphunziro aboma, DeSantis imakulitsa ndikukulitsa mfundo zochotsa ndi kupangidwa umbuli zomwe zangochitika ku GOP zomwe zimapereka mphamvu yoletsa kuletsa mabuku padziko lonse lapansi ndi zoletsa zophunzitsa za mtundu ndi jenda m'masukulu aboma. Monga a Julianne Malveaux amanenera, "Mabuku opitilira 1600 aletsedwa m'masukulu 138 m'maboma 33 mpaka pano, chifukwa umbuli ukukulirakulira. Pakati pa mabuku oletsedwa - a Toni Morrison Diso Labwino Kwambiri ndi Wokondedwa; ndi Margaret Atwood, Nkhani Yopangira Nkhanza. "[3] Kuphatikiza apo, monga Sarah Schwartz akunenera mu Sabata la Maphunziro: “Kuyambira Januware 2021, opanga malamulo m’maboma 44 akhazikitsa mabilu kapena mfundo zina zimene zingalepheretse aphunzitsi kukambirana za tsankho komanso tsankho, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Sabata la Maphunziro. Mayiko XNUMX aletsa zimenezi.”[4]
Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha kuponderezana muutumiki wa malingaliro a fascist. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti ku Germany ya Nazi, aphunzitsi omwe ankaonedwa kuti "osadalirika pazandale" anachotsedwa kusukulu, mabuku anawotchedwa. ndipo magulu osankhidwa ankawoneka ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.[5] DeSantis imakumbatira fascism ndi mtundu wachipembedzo chandale chomwe chimatsindika za zisudzo, zisudzo, komanso chikondwerero chofanana ndi champatuko cholamulira pamwamba.[6] Zinyengo zake zateokratiki zinali zowonekeratu pamene analongosoledwa kukhala wotumidwa ndi Mulungu mu imodzi ya malonda ake a kampeni.[7] Nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi kuthekera kwa ophunzira kuti aziphunzitsidwa kuganiza, kukhala ndi chidziwitso chambiri, komanso kukulitsa kulimba mtima kwachitukuko ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi demagogues.[8] DeSantis akufuna kutembenuza maphunziro a anthu onse ndi apamwamba kukhala mautumiki abodza atsopano osati mosiyana ndi maloto a Goebbels olamulira mbali zonse za maphunziro ku Germany ya Nazi. Stephen F. Eisenman akulemba mu Counterpunch moyenerera amawunika ndondomeko za DeSantis ngati zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zambiri za ulamuliro wa Nazi. Ayenera kutchula motalika:
Kwa munthu wokhala ndi chikondi chonse cha Adolf Hitler komanso wopanda luso lake lolankhula, Ron DeSantis amawonetsa kudzikuza kodabwitsa. Amagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso chotsutsa chamtundu, kuphatikizika, kuzindikirika, kusamuka, ndi ufulu wovota, ngati kuti amadziwa chilichonse chokhudza iwo. M'malo mwake, ma harangues ake osadziwa ndi kuyesa kubweretsa aluntha otsutsa ndi kupukuta swastika yake, zomwe zimawononga mbiri yake yakumanja. Mawu omwe amabwera m'maganizo m'nkhaniyi ndi "Gleichshaltung", mawu achijeremani otanthauza "kubweretsa kufanana" kapena "Nazification." Cholinga cha ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi kuyambira pamene Hitler adatenga mphamvu mu 1933 mpaka kuphwanya Malamulo a Nuremburg mu 1935 chinali kubweretsa mabungwe onse a boma ndi anthu kuti agwirizane ndi chifuniro cha Führer. Kuwongolera atolankhani, kuwongolera moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kuthetsa ufulu wowonekera, kuwononga chitetezo cha malamulo, kuwongolera mabungwe, kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma lankhanza (chipani chimodzi) komanso kutha kwa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu ochepa (makamaka Ayuda) zonse zinali zofunika. Zithunzi za Gleichshaltung.[9]
Mfundo za DeSantis ndiye mathero a capitalism yomwe yataya mphamvu yodzitchinjiriza ndipo yasintha kukhala mtundu wa fascism. Zinthu zonse zili m'malo kuti zipange mitundu yophunzitsira kuponderezana komwe kumaphatikizapo kukana mbiri yakale, motero kutulukira kwa chiphunzitso cha amnesia am'mbiri; kukana mphamvu zamagulu a anthu kuti apange madigiri akuluakulu a kusalingana mu chuma ndi mphamvu; kudziyimira pawokha kwa bungwe ndi kuyesa kosalekeza kusokoneza achinyamata, makamaka kudzera mu umbuli wopangidwa; kukana kuvomereza momwe zidziwitso zamagulu ndi mapangidwe amalumikizirana wina ndi mzake; Lingaliro la anthu ammudzi omwe ali ndi mantha ndi tsankho; ndi kutengeka ndi mphamvu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake mwaulamuliro mwa kuwononga mabungwe omwe amalimbikitsa kukhala nzika.
Kuukira kwake pa maphunziro a anthu onse ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndi mbali ya ndale za dziko la azungu ndi kuyeretsa mafuko mozikidwa pa ziphunzitso za eugenist za chiphunzitso cha azungu. Lingaliro lake lokhala nzika ndi losungidwa kwa okonda dziko lachikhristu loyera ndipo lidakhazikika pamalingaliro a utsogoleri wa azungu. Malinga ndi Kathryn Joyce mu zachabechabe Fair, cholinga cha utsogoleri wa DeSantis pakutenga New College yaku Florida yomwe ikutsamira pang'onopang'ono ndikuisintha kukhala mphero yakumanja yopangira kuwonetsa maphunziro achikhristu ndi akale komanso "kuthetsa mafunde a Marxist." Kusinthaku kudapangitsa Cayeene Linke, yemwe adaphunzira ku New College m'zaka za m'ma 1990, kunena kuti "Ndikumva ngati ndaima paphompho la Ulamuliro Wachinayi."
DeSantis ndiyowopseza osati ku maphunziro aboma komanso apamwamba koma ku demokalase yokha (yomwe ili kale mwaulere). Lingaliro lake loletsa maphunziro a amuna ndi akazi, kuwononga nthawi, ndikusintha utsogoleri wa maphunziro apamwamba ku zandale zake ndi chithunzi chagalasi cha zomwe zidachitika ku Germany ya Nazi ndi mayiko ena opondereza muzaka za m'ma 1930 ndi 1970. Palibe kukayikira kuti mfundo zamaphunziro za DeSantis zimafanana ndi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olamulira m'mbuyomu. Monga momwe wolemba mbiri, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, akunenera:
Anthu amphamvu amasowa anthu, ndipo amasowanso magawo azidziwitso omwe amalimbikitsa kuganiza mozama kapena zomwe zimasemphana ndi malingaliro awo komanso zolinga zaukadaulo. Ku Germany ya Hitler, kutsutsa zaluso kunali koletsedwa. Ku Chile ku Pinochet, madipatimenti a filosofi ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu adatsekedwa. Wotsogolera filimu Federico Fellini, yemwe adayamba ntchito yake panthawi ya ulamuliro wankhanza wa Benito Mussolini (1925-1943), adatcha kufufuza koteroko "ndondomeko yachiwawa" motsutsana ndi "zinthu zomwe zikufuna kuziyika ndi kuziletsa, kwamuyaya, kuti zisakhale zenizeni." M'maboma amphamvu, komwe kuyankhula kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa akatswiri kapena kuvulaza inu ndi banja lanu, kudziyesa nokha kungakhale njira yopulumutsira.[10]
Bili yake yaposachedwa ya HB 999 idapangidwa kuti isinthe masukulu apamwamba ku Florida kukhala ma laboratories a fascism. Biliyo ikufuna kuchotsedwa kwa magawo onse a maphunziro ndi mapulogalamu, kuphatikiza maphunziro a jenda, chiphunzitso chamitundu yofunikira, ndi mapulogalamu ena omwe amakhudza nkhani zofunika kwambiri zamagulu. Zikaletsa kuphunzitsa “ndale za anthu,” ndipo zikanafuna kuti wophunzira aliyense achite maphunziro wamba omwe angaphunzitse “khalidwe lokonda dziko,” kutanthauza “mikhalidwe yofunikira kuti dziko lisungidwe.” Malinga ndi DeSantis, mapulogalamu oletsedwawa akuyimira zomwe adazitcha "maphunziro a zombie." Pali zambiri zomwe zikugwira ntchito pano kuti "boma la censorship."[11]
M'njira zenizeni za Orwellian, DeSantis amatengera chilankhulo chaufulu kuteteza mfundo zopondereza zomwe zimawononga lingaliro lililonse loyenera laufulu wamaphunziro, komanso ufulu wothana ndi zovuta zamagulu. Mwachitsanzo, amaletsa mabuku, nthawi, kusagwirizana, ndi kutsutsa m'kalasi m'dzina la kulimbikitsa "ufulu wanzeru." Amateteza mfundo zake ngati njira zomwe zimakweza nkhani za anthu, koma zenizeni ndi zida chabe zophunzitsira. Lingaliro lake laulamuliro m'maphunziro apamwamba limayika mphamvu m'manja mwa ma hacks andale omwe boma lidavomereza kuti asamangolemba ntchito ndi ozimitsa moto, komanso kuthetsa utsogoleri, kuphwanya ufulu wamaphunziro, ndikukhazikitsa njira zophunzitsira zomwe zingasinthe m'badwo wonse. ophunzira kukhala makanda, osadziŵa, “okonda dziko lawo,” ogwirizana. Achinyamata oganiza mozama ndiwowopsa ku zilakolako za ndale za DeSantis komanso momwe amaonera dziko lapansi, monganso mabungwe aboma omwe kuphunzitsa ndi kuphunzira mozama kumatha kukulitsidwa. Machenjerero amodzimodzi ameneŵa nthaŵi ina analunjikitsidwa kwa achichepere Achijeremani mu Germany ya Hitler. Maphunziro m'mawonedwe adziko lino ndi malamulo okhudza kuphunzitsidwa ndi kuwononga kukumbukira, kusagwirizana, kulingalira mozama, makhalidwe a demokalase, ndi kulimba mtima kwa anthu.
DeSantis safuna kuti ophunzira amve za ukapolo, 1619 Project, James Baldwin kapena Audre Lorde pakati pa ena chifukwa zingawapangitse kukhala osamasuka. Chinthu chotsiriza chimene akufuna kuti achinyamata amve za kayendetsedwe ka ufulu wa Black ndi omenyera ufulu wa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi omwe anaphatikizapo SNCC, Black Panthers, Angela Davis, Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X, ndi Fred Hampton. Chomwe chikuwopseza azungu akuluakulu komanso olimbikitsa okonda zigawenga monga DeSantis ndikuti mayendedwewa sanangolimbana ndi tsankho, adalimbananso ndi kusalingana. Monga Tom Hall akufotokozera momveka bwino LA Kupita patsogolo, "Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za ntchito, aliyense wa iwo anazindikira kuti chilungamo cha mafuko sichingakhalepo popanda chilungamo pazachuma."[12] Kunena mosapita m’mbali, kulimbana ndi tsankho sikukanatha kuchotsedwa pankhondo yolimbana ndi ukapitalisti.
Njira iliyonse yamaphunziro yomwe imakhudza zovuta zamagulu ndikufunsa mafunso ndikuphunzira kuchokera ku mbiri yakale ndi yonyansa kwa DeSantis. Osati chifukwa sadziwa, koma chifukwa amapindula ndi maubwenzi amphamvu za capitalist, zikhalidwe, ndi malingaliro oyendetsedwa ndi msika omwe amakula bwino pa umbombo, tsankho, ndi ndale zopatula. Chimene iye amakana ndicho lingaliro lililonse la kuphunzitsa kovutitsa maganizo komwe kumasokoneza ophunzira, kuloŵetsamo chidziŵitso chovutitsa maganizo, kukayikira malingaliro a commonsense, kuchititsa ophunzira kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chofunsa mafunso, ndi kuwaphunzitsa mmene angayankhire zochita.[13] Maphunziro omwe amafunikira samayamba ndi chilankhulo cha chitonthozo, kutengera chikhulupiriro cha DeSantis kuti Ophunzira sayenera kukhala osamasuka mkalasi! Udindo umenewu sikuti umangogwetsa ndale ndi anthu kuti ukhale waumwini koma amakana kugwirizanitsa maphunziro ndi tanthauzo ndi kufunafuna chilungamo, chowonadi, ndi zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ophunzira aphunzire momwe angagwirizanitse miyoyo yawo ndi mauna a chidziwitso ndi maubwenzi apamtima omwe kukulitsa malingaliro azamakhalidwe ndi anthu. Maphunziro omwe ali ofunika ayenera kugwirizanitsa ophunzira ku cholinga chapamwamba, machitidwe a chisamaliro cha onse, mitundu yothandiza ya mgwirizano, ndi nkhani yopatsa mphamvu.
DeSantis walandira malingaliro a white supremacist ndi malingaliro a authoritarianism omwe adatipatsa Lester Maddox ndi George Wallace. Kwa Maddox ndi Wallace, tsankho lidakhazikitsidwa ngati zisudzo ndipo zidayambitsa kuzunzidwa koopsa pa matupi akuda. Kwa DeSantis, nkhondo yolimbana ndi maphunziro ikuyimira mtundu wina wachiwawa-kuwukira m'maganizo. Zimafika pamtima pa tanthauzo la kupha demokalase ngati njira yabwino poletsa mabungwe aboma kupanga nzika zodziwa komanso zogwira ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gawo la fascist la mfundo zake za maphunziro limagwira ntchito ngati makina osankha mtundu ndi kalasi. Kuntchito pano pali pulojekiti yophunzitsa muutumiki osati kungoletsa ufulu wamaphunziro ndi maphunziro ngati mchitidwe waufulu, komanso wodzipereka ku ndale za kutaya, kutayika, ndi kufufuta.
Takulandilani ku Naziification of American Society.
Mfundo.
[1] Onani, mwachitsanzo, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Amphamvu: Mussolini Mpaka Pano (New York: Norton, 2020).
[2] Onani, makamaka, Ellen Schrecker, "Mayeso a Ndale kwa Aprofesa: Ufulu Wamaphunziro pa Zaka za McCarthy,” University of California History Project (October 7, 1999).
[3] Julianne Malveaux, "Mbiri Yaku Africa Ndi Mbiri Yaku America" LA Kupita patsogolo (February 28, 2023).
[4] Sarah Schwartz, ".Kodi Zoletsa Pakuphunzitsa Nkhani 'Zotsutsana' Zidzatsata Maphunziro a Sayansi?" Sabata la Maphunziro (February 15, 2023).
[5] Onani Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich in Power (New York: Penguin 2005), makamaka masamba 263-298.
[6] Paul Jackson, "Zipembedzo za ndale ndi fascism,” OpenDemocracy (Julayi 29, 2019).
[7] Jared Gans,"DeSantis atulutsa zotsatsa zatsopano za 2022: 'Mulungu adapanga wankhondo'" The Hill (November 4, 2022); Amy Eskind, ".Ron DeSantis' Campaign Ad Ati Anatumizidwa ndi Mulungu Kuti 'Atenge Mivi'" anthu (Novembala 7, 2022).
[8] Suzie Null,"Kuukira Aphunzitsi ndi Kuletsa Mabuku ndiye Mfundo - Gawo I: Buku la Fascist Playbook." sing'anga [November 18, 2021].
[9] Stephen F. Eisenman, ".Florida Strong-Man" CounterPunch (Januware 27, 2023). Paintaneti:
[10] Ruth Ben-Ghiat, ".The Right's War on Universities. " New York Review of Books [Ogasiti 15, 2020]. Paintaneti:
[11] Areeba Shah,"Akatswiri adachita mantha ndi bilu ya Florida GOP yomwe 'ingapangitse kuti pakhale boma lofufuza' m'makoleji" okonzera (February 27, 2023).
[12] Tim Hall, “DeSantis Amakhulupirira Zomveka Kuti Moyo Wakuda Ndi Wofunika,” LA Progressive (February 27, 2023).
[13] Ruth Ben-Ghiat, ".Masomphenya a Ron DeSantis a Dystopian Achinyamata aku America. " Lucid Substack [February 7, 2023].
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