“Vuto lalikulu linali loti tigonjetse mantha athu,” anatero Enrique Reynoso, womenyera ufulu wa nyumba wa ku Mexico, paulendo wake waposachedwapa ku London. Monga m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa vuto lanyumba ku Europe ndi North America, London inali malo ofunikira kwambiri paulendo wake waposachedwa ku Europe wowona malo oyambira pansi.
Enrique wakhala akugwira ntchito ku Francisco Villa Popular Independent Leftist Organisation (FPFVI mu Spanish) kuyambira 1980s. Ndikuwonanso zomwe Los Panchos (chidule cha FPFVI, kutengera dzina lachisinthiko la Mexico yemwe bungweli limamutcha) apeza kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 80s, mawu awa amatha kumveka ngati kukulitsa kwakukulu.
Kodi kupangidwa kwa gulu lina la anthu masauzande ambiri, lomangidwa kwa zaka zambiri pa mfundo za mgwirizano, mgwirizano ndi kuthandizana, mkati mwa zomwe zimatchedwa " utsogoleri wankhanza wangwiro,” kusonkhezeredwadi “kugonjetsa mantha”? Koma mophweka monga momwe zimamvekera, mawuwa ali ndi chowonadi chozama komanso chofunika kwambiri - kuti ambiri a ife, mphamvu zamagulu ndizowopsya, ngakhale titakhala ndi nzeru zokhumbira ndi kufuna kuzigwira ntchito. Kulikonse kumene tingapeze kuti tili padziko lapansi, mantha ndi cholepheretsa kusintha. Koma monga Los Panchos awonetsera, sichotheka.
Pamene mizinda ku Europe ikuchulukirachulukira kukhala madera olemera kwambiri, komanso momwe mayendedwe ambiri aku Global North amakhalabe okwatirana kuti ayese kukopa malingaliro andale oyimira (kupatulapo chodziwika), kuzindikira kwa Enrique kumabwera panthawi yovuta kwambiri. Kodi tidzapitiriza kubwereza machitidwe a maulendo a A-to-B ndi zopempha, kapena tidzagwira ntchito limodzi kuti tipeze, kupanga - ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira - kutenga, zomwe tikufunikira kuti tipulumuke pamodzi pamsika wa nyumba zomwe zikusiya zambiri ife kumbuyo?
Pulumuka ndikukonzekera pamodzi
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kayendetsedwe ka nyumba ku London, New York, Berlin ndi kupitirira apo, kutuluka kwa Los Panchos kunali kuyankha kukwera kwamitengo ya katundu mu likulu la Mexico lokwana mamiliyoni makumi awiri. “Mutha kugula kapena kugulitsa chilichonse ku Mexico,” Enrique anauza msonkhano waung’ono womwe unachitikira ku South London, “koma osauka sakanatha kupeza zinthu zofunika pa moyo wawo nyumba itasanduka katundu. M’mizinda, malo anapatsidwa kwa omanga nyumba zoti anthu okhalamo ndi ogwira ntchito sakanatha. Pamene mtengo wa malowo unakwera, tinazindikira kuti njira yokhayo imene tingapulumukire ndiyo kulinganiza zinthu pamodzi.”
Chotero ndi zimene iwo anachita. Kutsatira zidendene za kulephera kwa magulu a ndale kuti apereke nyumba zofunika kwa mabanja 500 pa malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito mdera la Iztapalapa mu 1984, mabanja ambiri adatsalira ndikumenyera malo popanda thandizo la mabungwe. Adapanga mgwirizano wa Allepetlalli ndikukambirana za malo oti nyumba 384 zimangidwe mu 1987.
Ndi mphepo ya chigonjetso chodziwika bwino ichi, Los Panchos idakhazikitsidwa mu 1988 ndi cholinga chofuna kubweza nthaka. Popeza dziko la Mexico lidawonetsa posachedwapa kuti silitha kupereka zosowa za anthu, Los Panchos adayamba kukhala ndi malo ena mdera la Iztapalapa, ndikukhazikitsa malo okhala El Molino ndikumanga nyumba ndi zida zilizonse zomwe angakwanitse.
Poyamba zinthu zinali zofunika; Kusakaniza kwamatabwa ndi makatoni kunali komwe kunalipo. Koma chuma chochepa chimene chinalipo sichinali cholepheretsa kumanga. “Ulemu wa nyumba umachokera kwa anthu okhalamo,” Enrique anakumbutsa khamu la London. "Ngakhale zida zomwe poyamba zinali zofunika kapena zowopsa, nyumbazo zinali zolemekezeka."
Inde, eni malo sanasangalale mwamsanga ndi chisonyezero cha ulemu wa gulu limeneli. Apolisi aku Mexico adatumizidwa - monga momwe adakhalira m'masiku oyambilira a Allepetlalli coop - ndipo nkhondo zosawerengeka zidachitika pomwe okhalamo adateteza nyumba zawo zatsopano pakuyesa kuthamangitsidwa mwankhanza.
Zimayamba ndi nyumba ...
Nkhondozo zinamveketsa momveka bwino kuti nyumba zochulukirapo zimafunikira, chifukwa kuvulala kumafunikira chisamaliro chochulukirapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira m'dera lina losauka kwambiri ku Mexico City. Choncho, pamene anthu ammudzi amalimbitsa malo awo okhala, tsiku ndi tsiku, adayambanso kuphunzitsana za First Aid ndi maluso ena ofunikira azachipatala kuti apitirizebe kukhala ndi moyo wabwino, pamene akukhala pansi pazigawo zowonongeka.
Pamene chiwerengero ndi ubwino wa nyumba zinawonjezeka pakati pa apolisi akuukira, gululo linayamba kukambirana ndi eni malowo pamtengo wogulitsa omwe angakwanitse kulipira. Kukhalapo kwawo kosasunthika pa dzikolo kunapereka chilimbikitso champhamvu kwa eni nyumba kupanga mgwirizano ndi kuchepetsa zotayika zawo.
Pamodzi ndi zokambirana zachuma, Los Panchos adakhazikitsa komiti ya chitetezo, yogwirizanitsa maulendo oyendayenda odzifunira ndikukhazikitsa malire kuti apolisi asatuluke (pokhapokha ngati mfuti zawo zinasiyidwa kunja ndipo amatsagana ndi anthu ammudzi). Akakhazikitsidwa, (monga momwe zakhalira muzoyesera zina zotere ku Mexico kumene apolisi saloledwa kulowa m’dera), Enrique anatiuza kuti “chiŵerengero cha umbanda chatsika pafupifupi ziro.” Ngakhale ena mwa otsutsa oyambirira a gululo anabwera kudzawathandiza pamene anthu a m’derali analimbitsa kukhalapo kwawo m’deralo: “Pamene tinalanda malowo koyamba, anansi ankationa ngati zigawenga,” akukumbukira motero Enrique. “Tsopano anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba abwera nafe poyendera dera.
Los Panchos anali ndipo akutenganso ufulu wodzilamulira wofunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo kupitilira nkhanza zapawiri za boma ndi msika. Zinayamba ndi nyumba, koma sizinayime pamenepo. Masiku ano, patadutsa zaka 28, El Molino, ndi amodzi mwa madera khumi omwe amakhala ku Mexico City. Zaposachedwa kwambiri, m'dera la Tlahuac, zidangokhazikitsidwa mu 2012 ndipo zikupitilira kukula.
Acapatzingo amakhala ndi mabanja opitilira 600 ndi okhalamo 2,400. Pakati pawo, midzi khumiyi ili ndi anthu oposa 9,000 omwe akwanitsa kupanga njira zina zokhalira ndikugwira ntchito limodzi, kupitirira zomwe boma likuchita kapena kukhala ndi katundu waumwini.
Acapatzingo ili ndi malo ophunzirira, thanzi, masewera ndi zosangalatsa, zonse zomangidwa ndikusamalidwa ndi anthu ammudzi. Mabanja amatenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano yadera kuti apange zisankho zamagulu onse, ndikusinthana maudindo oyimira zisankho zilizonse zomwe zingafunike malingaliro a madera ena, kupitilira oyandikana nawo.
"Sitikufuna kukulitsa madera athu," Enrique akugogomezera, "tikufuna madera athu kuti alimbikitse ena kuchitapo kanthu komwe ali. M’malo mokulitsa kukula kwa misonkhano yathu ikuluikulu, tikufuna kuti misonkhanoyi ichuluke m’malo ena, m’njira iliyonse imene ingayenere.”
Posonyeza kumasuka kofananako, Enrique akuti Los Panchos safuna kukakamiza kapena kudzipereka ku chiphunzitso china chandale:
Taphunzira kuti tisamayike zizindikiro pa zomwe timachita. Taphunzira kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana. Tonse ndife odana ndi capitalist, koma pali malingaliro ambiri mkati mwake. Monga a Zapatistas, tikufuna kumanga dziko lomwe maiko ambiri angathe. Anzathu sangakhale odzipereka ku socialism kapena communism, koma ndi odzipereka kusintha dziko lomwe tikukhalamo lero.
Asanafike a Zapatista, panali Los Panchos
A FPFVI ndi omwe adasaina Chidziwitso Chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha Lacondon Jungle, ntchito ya gulu lalikulu kwambiri lachitetezo cha nthaka ku Mexico, EZLN, kapena Zapatistas. Pachimake pa kawonedwe ka EZLN ndikubweza malo oti anthu azisowa. Si magulu a boma a Soviet Union, kapenanso chikhalidwe cha demokalase cha umwini wa boma. Uwu ndi gulu lomwe limachitika pafupi kwambiri ndi kwathu, ndi udindo komanso kuyankha pazinthu zomwe zimagawidwa pakati pa omwe akukhudzidwa nawo mwachindunji.
Malingaliro awa amapezeka makamaka pamithunzi ya nkhani zandale za Global North. Mikangano yokhudzana ndi nyumba, kupanga chakudya, kagawidwe ka ntchito ndi kusintha kwa nthaka, zakhala zikutsatiridwa ndi kusagwirizana kwabodza kwa mayankho a boma kapena amsika (pokhala ndi mgwirizano wosowa, ntchito za ogwira ntchito komanso mayendedwe oponderezedwa, akudutsa mozungulira. m'mphepete). Ngakhale boma lazaumoyo nthawi zambiri limapereka chitetezo chowopsa ku zotsatira zowononga msika waulere, mwina zadzetsanso mantha osintha ndikufooketsa luso lathu loganiza zothetsa mavuto onse.
Komabe, maganizo a Enrique ndi akuti kusiyana kwa Mexico City ndi London n’kochepa kwambiri kuposa mmene kumaonekera nthawi zina. Ku Mexico, nawonso, anthu adayenera kuthana ndi mantha, kuswa malamulo osalungama kwa nthawi yoyamba ndikuphunzira maluso atsopano osawerengeka kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake asanapange zomanga ndi machitidwe omwe amafunikira, palimodzi. "Tikuwonetsa kuti paokha komanso mwaokha, titha kusintha zinthu," adatero.
Ngakhale kupyola muzovuta za msika wa nyumba, kufanana kwa anthu kudakalipobe m'mizinda yayikulu ya America ndi Europe. Zowonadi, kwa iwo omwe boma lalephera kwazaka zambiri, chuma chosakhazikika, maukonde osinthanitsa, mabwalo othandizirana komanso oyandikana nawo ochezeka akhala akudaliridwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti athandizire kuti moyo ukhale wotheka. Ndipo ngakhale atakhala kutali bwanji, njira zopulumutsirazi ndizonso maziko a madera a Los Panchos.
Kuthandiza mnzako posamalira ana, kuphika chakudya chogawana pamodzi, kugwira ntchito za DIY kwa wina ndi mzake pamene palibe amene angakwanitse kugula kalipentala kapena plumber - ndi njira zomwe timamangira gulu limodzi. Minofu ya chikhalidwe ichi imatilola kukumana ndi kulimbana ndi mphamvu ndi midzi, osati mantha ndi kudzipatula.
Mwanjira zing'onozing'ono, kayendetsedwe ka nyumba ku London kwamva zowawa zoyamba za kukula kwa minofu iyi, kupyolera mu Aylesbury, Guinness Trust, Carpenters' Estate ndi Maswiti Way ntchito mu 2014-15. Momwemonso madera aku LatinX ku Los Angeles, omwe adayimilira bwino angakhale-gentrifiers, ndi ziwerengero zosawerengeka ku Spain omwe atero analetsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa zikwizikwi kudzera muzochita zachindunji. Sizosatheka. Talawa. Ndipo tiyenera kukhulupirira m’malo omwe zochita zamtunduwu zingatitengere.
“Tikamadzifunsa kuti, ‘Kodi tinakwanitsa bwanji zimene tinachita?,’” Enrique ananena molimba mtima kuti: “Tinalimba mtima kulota. Ndipo tiyenera kupitiriza kulota. " Kulikonse kumene tili, udindo uli pa ife kuti tichite zomwezo.
Liam Barrington-Bush adatenga nawo gawo pantchito ya miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya Sweets Way Resists ku North London ndipo amakhala ku Mexico, akulemba za kayendedwe ka malo ku Oaxaca. Amalemba ngati @hackofalltrades.
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