Chitsime: NJ.com
Nayi kalata yomwe ndikufuna kutumiza mu Novembala. Koma ndikufuna kuti mudziwe za izi tsopano, kuti mubweretse nkhani yomwe ili yofunika kuiganizira musanavote, yomwe sinalandire chidwi chokwanira.
Wokondedwa Purezidenti-Elect Biden,
Ndine wokondwa kuti munasankhidwa chifukwa mu Januwale mutha kuyamba kuthana ndi mavuto akulu ku America. Koma musanathane ndi mliri wa COVID-19, kusankhana mitundu, kusamukira, chiwawa chamfuti, komanso kusintha kwanyengo, zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndikupangira kuti muyambe kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muchepetse ngozi yankhondo yanyukiliya. Mudzakhala Commander in Chief, ndipo pali njira zingapo zoyambira zomwe mungatenge nthawi yomweyo kuti dziko likhale lotetezeka.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ndinali m'modzi mwa asayansi aku America ndi aku Russia omwe, pogwira ntchito limodzi, adapeza kuti pankhondo yapakati pa US ndi Soviet Union utsi wamoto woyaka ndi kuphulika kwa nyukiliya ungatsekereza Dzuwa, kutulutsa kusintha kwanyengo, kutembenuka. Dziko lapansi lozizira, lakuda ndi louma, kupha zomera ndikuletsa ulimi kwa chaka chimodzi, kutulutsa njala yapadziko lonse.
Monga ndafotokozera mu a New York Times inasinthidwa pa Feb. 11, 2016, chiphunzitso chachisanu cha nyukiliya chimenechi chinavomerezedwa ndi pulezidenti Ronald Reagan ndi Mikhail Gorbachev ndipo chinathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa mpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya. Koma ngakhale zida zanyukiliya zaku Russia ndi ku America zatsika, kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti atha kupangabe nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali mayiko ena asanu ndi awiri a nyukiliya tsopano: China, Britain, France, India, Pakistan, Israel ndi North Korea. Ngakhale nkhondo ya nyukiliya pakati pa awiri okhala ndi zida zazing'ono kwambiri, monga India ndi Pakistan (imodzi mwazinthu zowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa cha nkhondo yopitilira Kashmir), ikhoza kubweretsa kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi komwe sikunachitikepo m'mbiri yolembedwa ya anthu komanso kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pazakudya zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mphotho ya Nobel Peace ya 2017 idaperekedwa ku International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) "kuti ntchito yake ikope chidwi ku zotulukapo zowopsa za chithandizo chaumunthu cha kugwiritsira ntchito kulikonse kwa zida za nyukiliya ndi zoyesayesa zake zazikulu zokwaniritsa kuletsa kwachigwirizano kwa zida zoterozo.โ Panganoli loletsa zida za nyukiliya tsopano lavomerezedwa ndi mayiko a 45, ndipo likafika pa 50, lidzayamba kugwira ntchito, kufotokoza chifuniro cha dziko kuti litichotsere pangoziyi. Pamene Beatrice Fihn, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa ICAN, adalandira Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel pa December 10, 2017, iye anati, โNkhani ya zida za nyukiliya idzatha, ndipo zili kwa ife kuti mapeto ake adzakhala otani. Kodi kudzakhala kutha kwa zida zanyukiliya, kapena kudzakhala kutha kwa ife? Chimodzi mwa zinthu izi chidzachitika. Njira yokha yanzeru yochitirapo kanthu ndiyo kuleka kukhala mโmikhalidwe imene kuwonongana kumangochitika kamodzi kokha.โ
Tili ndi mwayi kuti kwa zaka 75 zapitazi sipanakhalepo nkhondo yachiwiri ya nyukiliya. Nazi njira zomwe mungachite kuti izi zichepe kwambiri:
1. Chotsani zida zakumtunda zaku US ku chenjezo lowombera tsitsi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe kuyambitsa pa chenjezo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse kwa zida za nyukiliya kumafuna kulingalira mwadala, osati kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga panthaลตi ya mantha ndi kudziลตa zabodza. Monga Mlembi wakale wa Chitetezo William Perry adalemba m'buku lake "Batani,โ nkhondo ya nyukiliya imayamba mwangozi kusiyana ndi kuwukira mwadala. Timadziwa nthawi zambiri pamene masensa kapena makompyuta analephera, matepi ophunzitsira analakwitsa ngati kuukira kwenikweni, mabomba anatayika kapena kugwetsedwa ndi ndege, kapena anthu amatanthauzira molakwika ma radar kapena ma satellite. Ngati mungafune kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya, mizinga yathu yochokera pansi pamadzi kapena ndege zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo sizingawonongeke. Mivi yochokera kumtunda, yomwe imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakangopita mphindi zochepa chabe, imapangitsa dziko kukhala loopsa kwambiri ndipo sizitipatsa chitetezo china chilichonse. Umenewu udzakhala uthenga wamtendere wotani nanga kwa dziko.
2. Perekani udindo wa pulezidenti wokhawo woyambitsa zida za nyukiliya. Izi zikutanthauza kuchotsa "mpira," zizindikiro zoyambira zimatengedwa nthawi zonse ndi thandizo lankhondo ndi purezidenti kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse kwa zida za nyukiliya kuyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kulingalira. Constitution ikunena kuti Congress yokha ingalengeze nkhondo, ndipo iyi ingakhale nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Palibe chifukwa chothamangira chosankha choterocho. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chiwonongeko chilichonse chili chenicheni, komanso kuti chisankho sichipangidwa mofulumira. Ndipo pakhala pali zinthu m'mbuyomu pomwe purezidenti analibe mwayi woti asankhe mwachangu chonchi.
3. Kufutukula Pangano Latsopano Layamba ndi Russia kwa zaka zina zisanu. Mutha kuchita izi popanda chilolezo cha Congress, ndipo aku Russia awonetsa kuti akufuna kukulitsa mgwirizanowu. Izi zipangitsa kuti tizitha kuyang'anira zida zawo, kupewa mpikisano wina wa zida zankhondo ndikukupatsani nthawi yokambirana zochepetsera zida zanyukiliya.
4. Sinthani ndondomeko yathu ya zida za nyukiliya kukhala imodzi yosagwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya koyamba. Palibe zochitika zomwe tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya kuukira aliyense. Ngati kumenya nkhondo kuli kofunikira, titha kuteteza dziko la United States ndi zida zathu zamakono zotsogozedwa bwino, zomwe sizikufuna kupha anthu ambiri osalakwa. Zosankha zonse siziyenera kukhala patebulo.
5. Imitsani mizinga yathu yochokera kumtunda ndikuyamba kuphwasula ngati njira yochepetsera zida zathu zanyukiliya. Palibe pangano ndi Russia lomwe likufunika. Purezidenti George HW Bush adapereka chitsanzo cha izi pochepetsa zida zathu zanyukiliya pomwe Soviet Union idagawika. Izi zipangitsa kuti nkhondo ya nyukiliya ikhale yocheperako pang'onopang'ono ndikuyika dziko lapansi panjira yochepetsera chiwopsezo cha nkhondo yanyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi komanso nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, pali zina zomwe mungachite. Gwirani ntchito ndi ogwirizana athu, Russia, China ndi Iran kuti tikhazikitsenso kutenga nawo gawo pa mgwirizano wa Iran womwe umawalepheretsa kupanga zida zawo za nyukiliya, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Imitsani ndondomeko yanyukiliya yamakono yomwe ikuyenera kuwononga ndalama zoposa $1 thililiyoni pazaka khumi zikubwerazi. Lowani Pangano Loletsa Zida za Nyukiliya, zomwe zidzatsogolera ku cholinga cha dziko lopanda zida za nyukiliya monga momwe adanenera momveka bwino ndi omwe kale anali pulezidenti Ronald Reagan ndi Barack Obama, koma komwe sikunapite patsogolo pang'ono mpaka pano.
Utsogoleri wanu ndi mwayi womwe sunachitikepo wakusintha kwabwino padziko lapansi. Kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha nkhondo ya nyukiliya komanso nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya kumapangitsa United States kukhala yotetezeka komanso yolemera, ndikulimbitsa udindo wanu monga mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi. Bulletin ya Atomic Scientists Day Doomsday Clock tsopano ndi masekondi 100 mpaka pakati pausiku, kuyandikira komwe kunakhalako. Chonde thandizani kukankhira kumbuyo.
Alan Robock, Ph.D., ndi pulofesa wodziwika wa sayansi yanyengo mu dipatimenti ya Environmental Sciences ku Rutgers University komanso membala wa Physicists Coalition for Nuclear Threat Reduction.
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