Kodi tingakhale owolowa manja kunena kuti a Edward Snowden adachita chiwembu sabata yatha ndikusintha kwamalingaliro a Washington ku National Security Agency? Ngakhale mwa kuvomera kwake, woulutsira mbiriyo ali wokondwa kuti zolembedwa zambiri zitha kuwona masiku ake otsiriza. M'mawu ake omwe adatulutsidwa kudzera ku American Civil Liberties Union, Snowden adagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kusintha", malingaliro odekha omwe sanasokoneze malingaliro ake onse.
Mapulani ochepa tsopano ali patebulo. Pali lamulo la USA Freedom Act (Leahy-Sensenbrenner bill), House Intelligence Committee Bill ndi malingaliro a Purezidenti. Womalizayo sanapezebe mawonekedwe a malamulo. Lingaliro la Purezidenti Obama likuphatikiza kulola makampani amafoni kuti asunge zolemba zawo mumayendedwe okhazikika, ogwirizika. Kuyang'ana kosungirako kudzasintha kuchoka ku mabungwe aboma kupita kumakampani amafoni. NSA ikanati, kuti ipeze mwayi, iyenera kufunafuna lamulo kuchokera ku Khothi Loyang'anira Zakunja. Komanso, FISC iyenera kukhutitsidwa kuti zolembedwa za munthu wokhudzana ndi gulu la zigawenga.
Chisangalalo cha kusintha kwa sabata yatha chinali chowonekeradi. The Baltimore Sun (Mar 24), mokhotakhota, idawona zoyesayesa za House Intelligence Committee zikuthetsa kusonkhanitsa zambiri. Jameel Jafeer, akulemba mu Chitetezo Basi, anali kukayikira malingaliro a Purezidenti koma adachitcha kuti "chofunikira kwambiri. Lingaliro la akuluakulu a boma ndi kuvomereza kuti pulogalamu yomwe inavomerezedwa mwachinsinsi ndi nthambi zonse zitatu za boma, ndipo imene inakhalapo kwa zaka pafupifupi 10, siidatsatidwe ndi anthu.” Jafeer alinso ndi chidaliro kuti uku kunali "kuvomereza kuti zidziwitso zovomerezeka zaboma zitha kuchitidwa popanda kuyang'anira dziko lonselo."
Mfundo zingapo zofunika kuzitchula. Kukayikitsa komwe FISC ikugwiritsa ntchito pano sikukuwonekeratu. Kodi zidzakhala "zomveka zomveka"? Pali malingaliro onse oti kusinthaku kukutsitsa muyeso muzochitika zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pa "chifukwa chotheka" kupita "kukayikitsa koyenera". Popeza kuti zikalata zomwe zatulutsidwa posachedwa ndi boma zasinthanso muyeso, titha kungolingalira. Pa zonsezi, gawo lakale lothawirako la "zadzidzidzi" ndilololedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti NSA isakhale ndi malire a malamulo. Komanso sizikuwonekeratu ngati malingalirowo akupanga zomwe zidzachitike ku zolemba zomwe NSA idapeza kale komanso zomwe zidzachitike kwa omwe adzalandira mtsogolo. Malo opangira migodi sangasiyidwe.
Gawo 215 la PATRIOT Act ndiye gawo lofunikira lololeza kusonkhanitsa kochulukira, kotero kuti kuchepetsako, makamaka poyang'ana, kuli koyenera. Koma kutero popanda kuganizira zolemba za foni zomwe zapezedwa ndi malamulo a chitetezo cha dziko komanso kaundula wa cholembera kungapangitse zolephera zotere. Monga Mike Masnick zolemba, uku ndi "mbiri yapamwamba" kupha pulogalamu, m'malo mobwereza kugulitsa konse.
NSA idzaloledwanso kufufuza mpaka "mahop" awiri a manambala okhudzana ndi chiwerengero cha zigawenga chodziwika - kutanthauza kuti manambala okhudzana ndi wokayikira woyamba, ndikutsatiridwa ndi gulu loyamba la kugwirizana. Izi sizokayikitsa kutseka chitseko kuti kupitirire kuphwanya malamulo, ngati si dala, ndiye mwangozi.
Pali chowonjezera chochititsa chidwi ku mphamvu za NSA zomwe zichitike ngati malingaliro a Obama apita momwe alili pano. NSA ingangotaya mphamvu zotolera ndi kusunga ma rekodi oimba foni kwa zaka zisanu kuchokera pama foni apansi. Kutayika, komabe, sikuli koopsa kwa NSA. Ndi iko komwe, ntchito zotolera zoterozo zasonyezedwa kukhala zowononga koposa, kuloŵerera kosaloledwa koipitsitsa.
Siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti mkulu wa bungweli, Gen. Keith Alexander, yemwe adapuma pantchito, wakhala akufuna kugwirizana pa kusunga ndondomekoyi mwanjira ina - pambuyo pake, udindo wotolera bungwe udzatha m'miyezi 18 popanda. Chivomerezo cha Congression. Obama akuvomereza, kukana mafoni ochokera kwa Wapampando wa Komiti Yowona za Malamulo a Senate a Patrick Leahy, mwa ena, kuti pulogalamuyo ithe. Boma liyenera kuloledwabe "kupeza chidziwitsochi mwachangu komanso m'njira yomwe idzafunikire kuti izi zitheke."
Kusagwirizanaku kwabwera ngati kusonkhanitsa deta ya foni yam'manja, kukulirakulira kwa mphamvu chifukwa NSA imati ndi 30 peresenti yokha ya data yonse yadzikolo yomwe idalumikizidwa. Othandizira zachinsinsi akhoza kusangalala, koma NSA idzakhala yosangalatsa.
Mafunso omwewo akukhudzana ndi njira zina zomwe akufunsidwa. Amene ali ku NSA alibe chifukwa choopera - kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu zawo kuli pafupi. Rep Justin Amash, wotsutsa njira zosiyanasiyana zosonkhanitsira za NSA, akuti Bill ya Intelligence Committee Bill “siimathetsa kusonkhanitsa zinthu zambiri koma imayika anthu ambiri aku America pachiwopsezo chakuphwanyidwa ufulu wawo wotetezedwa ndi malamulo.”
Chilankhulo cha biluyo ndi chotsutsana ndi zovuta zamalamulo, kutanthauza kuti Mtengo wa NSA zidzatsatiridwa m'malo mopasuka. Malamulo akhoza kutsutsidwa, koma oweruza adzapatsidwa mphamvu zotsutsa zopempha zilizonse zokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu owunika. Monga Tim Cushing kuchokera Techdirt akufotokoza, "Ndi chivomerezo cha a NSA, choperekedwa ndi House Intelligence Committee ndipo choperekedwa ndi oweruza omwe adzaletsedwe kulemekeza zovuta zilizonse zomwe boma limamasulira malamulowa." Zochitika monga kulunjika kwa omwe anali kutumiza maimelo a Snowden, Lavabit, amabwera m'maganizo.
Mwa atatuwa, Bili ya Leahy-Sensenbrenner ndiyomwe ikufika patali kwambiri, kulola boma kuti litolere zidziwitso "zopitilira" kufufuza zauchigawenga. Izi zikanidwa ndi wapampando wa Komiti ya Intelligence Republican, Mike Rogers waku Michigan komanso Democrat Dutch Ruppersberger waku Maryland. Onse awiri akupitilizabe kuwona kusonkhana kwanzeru za NSA ngati mafuta ofunikira pamoto waufulu.
Snowden akulondola kuganiza kuti zosintha zomwe zilipo pano sizikadakhalapo popanda kukankha kwake kolimbikitsa. "Ndinkakhulupirira kuti ngati kuwunika kwa anthu aku America mosagwirizana ndi malamulo a NSA kumadziwika, sikungapulumuke ndi makhothi, Congress, ndi anthu." Zoyesayesa zotere sizingapindule ndi mendulo - kusinthaku kutha kukhala kulowera m'malo osonkhanitsira anzeru, koma sikunganene kuti anthu oyimbira mbiri akusintha. The hemlock akadali kwambiri kupereka.
Ponena za Obama mwiniwake, izi ndi njira zochepetsera zomwe zimapangidwira kubwezeretsanso chidaliro. "Ndipo izi sizichitika mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa anthu amakonda kukayikira boma komanso kukayikira mabungwe azamisala aku US." Kusintha kuli ndi chizolowezi, osati kusintha momwe zinthu ziliri monga kusintha ndikuchotsa. Kuyang'anitsitsa kukukulitsidwa, m'malo mochepa.
Dr. Binoy Kampmark anali katswiri wa Commonwealth ku Selwyn College, Cambridge. Amaphunzira ku RMIT University, Melbourne. Imelo: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama