Chimodzi mwazosankha za International Monetary Fund (IMF) ndi bungwe la Bush lolola dziko la Argentina kupita kukhoma m'dzinja lapitali lidakhudza kuwerengera kwawo kuti kugwa kwa Argentina kutha kukhazikika. Iwo adafika pothira katemera ku Brazil'"chuma chachikulu kwambiri ku Latin America""kupewa kufalikira komwe kungatheke powonjezera ngongole ya madola mabiliyoni ambiri. Aka sikanali koyamba kuti 'W' ndi IMF awonongeke.
Masabata angapo apitawa awona kufalikira kwakukulu osati kokha kwavuto lazachuma komanso kulimbana kotchuka kumayiko oyandikana nawo a Uruguay, Paraguay, Peru, ndi Brazil. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakhazikika pazandale ku Bolivia, Ecuador, ndi Venezuela kwapereka chilimbikitso chatsopano kumagulu a anthu. Pakali pano Latin America ikukwiyira kwambiri olamulira ake komanso kudana ndi ma imperialism a US.##Victories against privatization
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wankhanza wankhondo mu 1985, Uruguay yayimira limodzi mwamabungwe okhazikika ku Latin America. Kulemera kwake kunabwera chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa 'chozizwitsa' cha ku Argentina chakumayambiriro ndi pakati pa 1990s. Koma mu June chaka chino dzikolo linapsa mtima potsutsa. Maulalo oyandikira ku Argentina omwe adapindulapo kale ku Uruguay ayamba kuwononga chuma chake.
Kulandidwa kwa maakaunti a madola ku Argentina kunawononga kwambiri bizinesi yayikulu yokopa alendo ku Uruguay m'chilimwe (nyengo yozizira ku US)'โ moti ndalama zonse zapakhomo ku Uruguay zidatsika ndi khumi peresenti pakati pa Januwale ndi Marichi 2002. Komanso, chidaliro cha osunga ndalama chatsika. 'Chiwopsezo chadziko' cha Moody pazachuma chakunja ku Uruguay chidakhazikika pamfundo 200 panthawi yonse yakuukira kwa Argentina mu Disembala watha. Chidaliro chatsika kwambiri lero kuti chiwopsezo cha dziko la Uruguay chidalumphira mpaka 1,250.
Pa June 20 boma la Uruguay linakakamizika kusiya bolodi lake la ndalama ndikuyandama peso'โyomwe idatsika ndi 10 peresenti m'masiku awiri. Kuwonongeka kwachuma kunayambitsa ziwonetsero zamasiku angapo pomwe anthu masauzande ambiri adachita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi boma la Argentina. cacerolazos (ziwonetsero za pot-banging).
Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, nkhondo ya anthu ambiri inasokoneza dziko la Paraguay ndi likulu lake la Asunciรยณn. Bungwe la Congreso Democratico del Pueblo (People's Democratic Congress)'โlomwe linali ndi nthumwi 1,500 zochokera m'mabungwe akuluakulu, mabungwe ogwira ntchito, zipani zosiya ndale, zachikazi, ndi magulu osowa pokhala'โidapempha pa Meyi 15 kuti pakhale kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri kwamuyaya motsutsana ndi zomwe IMF idakhazikitsa. akukonzekera kubisa mabanki angapo ndi ntchito zaboma. Kulimbikitsa anthu kukufunanso kuletsa lamulo latsopano lomwe boma likufuna la 'antiterrorist'. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu akukangana kwakukulu, boma lidagonja ndikubwerera m'mbuyo pazabizinesi komanso malamulo opondereza.
Kupambana kwachiwiri kochititsa chidwi motsutsana ndi kubisa anthu kunachitika ku Arequipa, Peru pakati pa mwezi wa June. Purezidenti Alejandro Toledo, yemwe chisankho chake chaka chatha chinawonetsa malingaliro odana ndi neoliberal m'dziko lonselo, komabe watsimikizira kuti ndi wopanda pake pochita ndi IMF.
Koma posachedwapa Toledo atafuna kuchitapo kanthu pa malonda a magetsi ku Arequipa, monga momwe bungwe la IMF linkafunira, mwadzidzidzi anakumana ndi gulu limodzi lalikulu kwambiri ku Peru kwa zaka zambiri. Gulu la Frente Amplio Cรvico de Arequipa (Broad Civic Front of Arequipa), gululi linayamba pa June 13 ndipo mwamsanga linafalikira ku mizinda ya Puno, Tacna, Cuzco, ndi Moquega.
Kulimbikitsa anthu a ku Peru kunaphatikizapo kutsekereza misewu, zotchinga m'matauni, ndi kumenyana ndi apolisi zomwe zinachititsa kuti munthu mmodzi aphedwe ndipo 152 anavulala ku Arequipa yekha. Boma la Toledo litanena kuti malamulo ankhondo alephera kuthetsa zionetsero zomwe zikuchitika m'chigawo cha Arequipa, boma la Toledo lidavomera kuti liyimitsa ntchito zake zabizinesi mpaka kalekale.##Doomsday for Brazil
Vuto lalikulu lomwe lingafanane ndi la chaka chatha ku Argentina tsopano layandikira ku Brazil.
Ngongole ya mkati ndi kunja kwa Brazil yakwera kufika pa 55 peresenti ya GDP. Ngongole zake zazikulu za ngongole zamkati ndi zakunja, mosiyana ndi ku Argentina, ndi mabungwe aku Brazil. Mโmiyezi iwiri yapitayi, chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole ya boma yophatikizana chakwera kufika pa 18.5 peresenti, ngakhale kuti mitengo ya inflation inali yosakwana 6 peresenti.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma likulipira 12 peresenti pa chiwongola dzanja chenicheni, pomwe mayiko ngati Mexico ndi Chile amalipira ndalama zosakwana 3 peresenti. Ngongole yayikulu yaku Brazil imayikidwanso ku dola, zomwe zikukweza chidwi cha chiwongola dzanja chokwera komanso gawo lalikulu langongole mogwirizana ndi GDP. Dziko la Brazil likuyembekezeka kukumana ndi ngongole imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zamkati ndi zakunja mgawo loyamba la 2003.
The kwenikweni yatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi dola kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1994. Ndalama zakunja zikucheperachepera, popeza chiwopsezo cha dziko la Brazil tsopano ndi chachiwiri kwa Argentina ku Latin America ndipo chakwera kwambiri kuposa Nigeria. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chuma chachisanu ndi chitatu padziko lonse lapansi. Chochitika chobisalira ndi chodziwika bwino: kuthawa kwakukulu, kutsika kwa ndalama, ndi kugwa kwa mabanki'โzonse zomwe zimachititsidwa ndi kuyembekezera kubweza ngongole.##Kubwerera ku zigawenga za boma?
Ku Argentina, zochitika zasinthanso. Boma losakondedwa kwambiri la Purezidenti Eduardo Duhalde lidachita kupha Juni 26 pofuna kuwopseza ochita ziwonetsero komanso kutsimikizira 'malamulo ndi bata' m'dziko lonselo. Awiri omwalira, 90 ovulala, ndipo pafupifupi 200 omwe adamangidwa ku Buenos Aires adayimilira zigawenga za boma patatha tsiku lovuta pakati pa nkhondo. piqueteros (ogwira ntchito osagwira ntchito) ndi apolisi.
The piqueteros Siginecha njira yotsekera misewu imadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chake chamtendere. Koma ngati 1,000 piqueteros adayesa kutsekereza mlatho m'dera la anthu ogwira ntchito ku Buenos Aires, apolisi adawombera mosavutikira pakati pa anthu. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira chakwera kufika pa 37 kuyambira pomwe ziwonetsero zazikulu zidagwetsa boma la Purezidenti wakale Fernando de la Rรยบa Disembala watha.
Patangotha โโโโtsiku lachiwembucho, anthu 40,000 adatsutsa kuphedwa kwa Purezidenti ku Plaza de Mayo. Kupsyinjika kumeneku, komanso kuwopseza kwa anthu ambiri, kudakakamiza Duhalde kuchotsa mkulu wa apolisi ku Buenos Aires.
Komabe, mkulu wa apolisiyo ankangotsatira zimene walamula. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, a Duhalde adalengeza kuti ayankha ndikupondereza kowonjezereka kumayendedwe pafupifupi tsiku ndi tsiku omwe cholinga chake ndi kudzudzula kugonjera kwa boma ku International Monetary Fund. IMF yati ikufuna njira zatsopano komanso zokhwima ngati njira yoyambitsiranso ngongole mkati mwa kusokonekera kwachuma ku Argentina.
Duhalde, yemwe waphwanya malonjezo ake onse oti agwirizane ndi IMF ndi mabanki aku US, adalonjezanso lonjezo lina "kuti avutike ndi otsutsa. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, tsiku lomwelo pamene apolisi a Duhalde ankapha ndi kuvulaza ogwira ntchito ku Argentina, nduna yake ya zachuma, Roberto Lavagna, anali ku Washington, DC akukokera ng'ombe kwa akuluakulu a IMF.
Lavagna atangobweranso, Duhalde adalengeza kuti ayitanitsa zisankho zapulezidenti mu Marichi 2003'โmiyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanakwane. Izi mwina zikuwonetsa kuti IMF idavomera kupereka ndalama zokwanira kuti zithandizire kuti angongole aku Argentina achoke, koma zocheperapo zomwe zikufunika kuthana ndi njala ndi kusowa kwa ntchito.
Kupha anthu pa June 26 ndi chiyambi chabe cha kuchuluka kwa ziwawa. Posakhutira ndi kufa ndi njala kwa anthu, olamulira a Argentina sanakayikire kuti adzamenya kapena kuwombera mpaka kufa onse amene akufuna kutsutsa dongosololi.
Ndondomeko ya polarization yamagulu ndi chitukuko cha chisokonezo chomwe chingathe kusintha chikupitirirabe ngakhale poyang'anizana ndi kuponderezedwa. Chiwonetsero chachiwiri chotsutsa kuphedwa kwa boma kunachitika sabata yoyamba ya July. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, pulezidenti wakale Carlos Menem'โyemwe amalimbikitsa kuti chuma cha ku Argentina chifike ponseponse'โanauza atolankhani kuti 'misewu ya ku Argentina yadzaza ndi anthu okhulupirira Marx.'
Mtumiki wakunja wa Duhalde, Carlos Ruckhauf, adalankhulanso mawu okweza tsitsi kwa akuluakulu apamwamba a ndege kumapeto kwa June. Iye anakumbukira kuti iye anali nduna ya boma kalelo mโkatikati mwa zaka za mโma 1970 amene anasaina bilu imene inakhala maziko a โnkhondo yauveโ ya ku Argentina ndi โkampeni yolimbana ndi uchigaลตenga. pankhondo yauve. Ruckhauf adatsimikizira akuluakulu a gulu lankhondo kuti asayinanso lamulo lotero'" 'mosakayikira' "ngati 'nthawi zovuta' ziwonekeranso.
M'nyengo ino, mgwirizano pakati pa magulu otsutsana ndi boma la Duhalde ndi ndondomeko za imperialism za US zakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Kulimbana kutulutsa Duhalde ndikuchotsa goli la IMF kumatha kukulirakulira. Iyeneranso kukhala ndi mapulani odzitetezera mwadongosolo.##Barometer yachisankho
Duhalde sadzapikisana nawo pachisankho cha Marichi "mosakayika lingaliro lanzeru chifukwa chivomerezo chake chidatsika mpaka 8 peresenti koyambirira kwa Julayi. Zisankho zikuwonetsa Elisa Carriรยณ, mlembi wopita patsogolo, ndi Luis Zamora, Congressman wakumanzere komanso mtsogoleri wakale wa Trotskyist Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) waku Argentina, ngati otsogola omasuka ngati zisankho zichitika chilimwe chino.
Menem, purezidenti wakale yemwe adachita zambiri pakukhazikitsa mfundo zowononga zachuma za 1990s, ndi Carlos Reutemann, yemwe kale anali wothamanga wa Formula One komanso kazembe wapano wa Santa Fe, adamangidwa kumbuyo kwambiri pa 7 peresenti aliyense. Reutemann ndiye amene amasankhidwa ku US
Ku Bolivia, chisankho chapurezidenti chaposachedwa chinawonetsa kupita patsogolo kwabwino kwa anthu wamba komanso cocalero (wolima coca) mtsogoleri Evo Morales ndi wake Movimiento al Socialismo. Pomwe osankhidwa awiri otsogola aliyense adapeza 22 peresenti ya mavoti, Morales adalandira 21 peresenti modabwitsa. Msonkhano womwe wasankhidwa kumene ku Bolivia udzatsimikizira yemwe akhale purezidenti watsopano mu Ogasiti, kotero ndizokayikitsa kuti Morales angalore pampando wanyumba yamalamulo. Komabe, kukula kwa mavoti a Morales kukuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu mu ndale zaku Bolivia.
Kutsogola kwakukulu komwe kunachitika pamasankho a Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, woyimira pulezidenti wa Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT, Workers Party), akuwonjezera mafuta pamoto wakusakhazikika kwachuma ku Brazil. Lula amadziwika ndi Wall Street ndi IMF ngati munthu yemwe angawonjezere ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito. Pofuna kuthetsa mantha a osunga ndalama, Lula walonjeza mabungwe azachuma padziko lonse lapansi kuti apereka ngongole yakunja ndikusamalira udindo wawo pazachuma.
Lula ndi PT amathandiziranso kuti dziko la Brazil litenge nawo gawo mu gawo la Free Trade Area of โโthe Americas (FTAA) lotsogozedwa ndi US. Komabe kampeni yayikulu yaku Brazil yolimbana ndi FTAA m'miyezi ingapo ikubwerayi ikuyembekezeka kutha pakukambirana kwa anthu pa FTAA mu Seputembala. Zaka zitatu zapitazo mavoti okwana 6 miliyoni adavoteredwa pa chigamulo chofanana choletsa ngongole zakunja'โndipo 95 peresenti adavota kukana ngongoleyo. Otsatsa ndalama akuwopa kuti zotsatira za FTAA plebiscite zingakakamize Lula kuti abwerere ku malo osamala kwambiri pa kuphatikiza chuma cha hemispheric.
Zochitika zina ku Latin America konseko zinavumbula umboni wa kusakhazikika kwa ndale kofala. Pa June 20 Purezidenti wa Mexico Vicente Fox adavomereza kuti mavuto aku Argentina ndi Brazil ayamba kukhudza Mexico. Nduna ya Zachuma ku Ecuador adasiya ntchito pa June 23, atagwidwa ndi chiphuphu.
Kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, gulu la asitikali ankhondo adawomberana ndi apolisi mdziko la Guatemala pamwambo womwe umakhudza asitikali akubedwa kwaposachedwa. Zikuoneka kuti asilikaliwo anabwera kudzatenga ndalama za dipo. Chochitikacho chinavumbula poyera kupanda pake kwa zomwe zimatchedwa 'ndondomeko yamtendere,' momwe katangale wa boma ndi asilikali amalepheretsa kusintha kwa ndale.
Panthawiyi, Costa Rica inasaina mgwirizano ndi US kuti atsegule International Police School (Escuela Internacional de Policรa) pansi pa ulamuliro wa US monga njira yolimbikitsira asilikali a Latin America.
Mwina chithunzi choyipa kwambiri chomwe chidawoneka m'masabata apitawa chinali chithunzi chomwe chidawulutsidwa pamawayilesi apawayilesi aku Latin America ndi Univisiรยณn wa gulu lankhondo lakumanja lomwe likulonjeza kuti liyambitsa nkhondo yotsutsana yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa pulezidenti waku Venezuela wosankhidwa mwa demokalase Hugo Chavez. Kulengeza uku kukutsatira pambuyo pa kulephera kwa Chavez kochitidwa ndi atsogoleri a mabizinesi akumanja ndi akuluakulu ""ndi chivomerezo ndi chithandizo cha kazembe wa US ndi CIA. Izi zikuwonetsa kusuntha kwa olamulira a Bush kuti atsegule gulu lankhondo komanso ndale kuti achotse Chavez.
Sipangakhale chikayikiro kuti kuwukira kwamphamvu kwambiri ku US kukuchitika ku Latin America'โ motsogozedwa ndi Plan Colombia, IMF, ndi FTAA. Izi zikupanga chifukwa chinanso chomwe kupanga gulu lodana ndi imperialism kuno kunyumba kuli kofunikira kuposa kale.##
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