Nkhaniyi inalembedwa ndi Kristen Sheeran.
Pamene Bernard Madoff adagwidwa akukonza dongosolo la Ponzi lomwe likadachepetsa nsagwada za Adam Smith, kodi mbali yakumanja ya ndale idachita kunyansidwa, kudzudzula capitalism ngati dongosolo lonyansa komanso lodalirika zero?
Pamene gawo lazachuma lidagunda kumbuyo kwake mu Seputembala 2008, kodi mapiko oyenera adafuna kutha kwa msika waulere monga tikudziwira?
Inde sichoncho.
Komabe, pamene otsutsa kusintha kwa nyengo - nyenyezi zamakono za rock za mapiko a kumanja - zimakayikira makalata amkati a asayansi ku University of East Anglia's Climate Research Unit ku UK, mwachiwonekere tikuyenera kutaya zaka zambiri zenizeni. -deal, peer-review science down the memory bowo.
Munkhani yomwe imadziwika kuti "Climategate," achiwembu adabera maimelo pakati pa ofufuza a Climate Research Unit omwe akuti amawulula zachinyengo zasayansi zomwe zimapangidwira. kuwongolera zidziwitso zanyengo ndikupanga chiwembu chochepetsera anthu otsutsana ndi nyengo.
Tiyeni tiyike pambali zotsutsana zowoneka bwino zomwe akuti mitundu ya malamulo ndi dongosolo ilibe chidwi chogwira ophwanya malamulo, olanda maimelo.
Ndipo tisiyanitsenso mfundo yoti zongopeka zochokera pamaimelo otayidwa zikuchotsedwa mopanda manyazi komanso kuti cholakwika chilichonse chowoneka mpaka pano chili ndi kulongosoledwa komveka.
Okayikira zakusintha kwanyengo atengerapo mwayi pakuchitapo kanthu kosaloledwa kukakamiza malingaliro awo omwe adaphika kale kuti kutentha kwadziko komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha anthu ndikosavuta.
Atsegulanso buku lawo lamasewera lomwe lavala bwino, ndikupanga mkangano wabodza womwe watsegula zenera momwe otsutsa akuwotcha padziko lonse lapansi adzithamangitsa ndikusiya.
Ayambitsa mabodza ambiri omwe adzetsa kuzungulira kwatsopano "kulinganiza ngati kukondera"pomwe iwo omwe amakayikira za kutentha kwa dziko lapansi - kachigawo kakang'ono ka asayansi ndi ogwirizana nawo mu ndale - amatsutsana ndi gulu lonse la asayansi omwe, kutengera kafukufuku womveka wa sayansi womwe wadutsa mu pokambirana ndi anzawo, amanena molondola kuti kutentha kwa dziko kukuchitika ndiponso kuti n’kutheka kuti anthu ndi amene akuyambitsa vutoli. "Kulinganiza" koteroko kumakondera anthu omwe alibe sayansi kumbali yawo.
"Climategate" yapereka mpweya wa ndale kwa anthu okayikira kusintha kwa nyengo pa chithandizo cha moyo.
Otsutsa omwe atsitsimutsidwanso chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko agwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kuti agulitse nthano ziwiri. Choyamba, amatsutsa kuti kutentha kwa dziko sikukuchitika ndipo ngati kukuchitika, anthu si amene adayambitsa.
Izi zikunyalanyaza mfundo yakuti gulu lopambana la Nobel-Prize la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, National Academy of Science, American Geophysical Union ndi mabungwe ena akuluakulu asayansi anena kuti kuba kwa maimelo kukusokoneza mkangano womwe wathetsedwa kalekale.
Malinga ndi World Meteorological Organisation, zaka khumi zamakono ndi zotentha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe kutentha kunayamba kujambulidwa mkati mwa 19th zaka zana. Dziko lapansi likutentha ndipo umunthu ndiwotsimikizika kwambiri pazochitika za nyengo.
Chachiwiri, anthu amene amakayikira za kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse akuti kuthetsa kutentha kwa dziko kudzasokoneza chuma. Komabe, a umboni wochuluka kuchokera m'mabuku owunikiridwa ndi anzawo azachuma imathandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya mwachangu komanso mwaukali ngati inshuwaransi yabwino motsutsana ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe sizingachitike.
Maphunziro odalirika vomerezani kuti kuyika ndalama 1-3% ya GDP yapadziko lonse chaka chilichonse pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kupewa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, komanso kutembenuza mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala zongowonjezera kuyenera kupangitsa kutentha kwadziko kukhala kosakwana 2.°C ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka kwa nyengo komwe kungakhale koopsa.
Ndalama izi pamlingo wadziko lonse, ngakhale zili zazikulu, zikadali zochepa poyerekeza ndi zomwe mayiko monga US ndi China amawononga pankhondo zawo.
Ndipo malingaliro aposachedwa azamalamulo oletsa kuipitsidwa kwa gasi wowonjezera kutentha ku US cholinga chake ndi zolinga zochepa kwambiri. kunyamula ma tag otsika kwambiri. Bili ya Waxman-Markey, mwachitsanzo, idzakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pazachuma chonse, ndipo idzapereka phindu laling'ono kwa mabanja omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa kwambiri ku America.
Kusagwirizana pakati pa nkhani ya "Climategate", yoyendetsedwa ndi pundit ku United States ndi zokambirana zandale ku Copenhagen zinali zodabwitsa.
Ngakhale kuti anthu okayikira akuyamba kukhudzidwa kwambiri ku United States, palibe amene ankatsutsa za sayansi ku Copenhagen.
M'malo mwake, chigwirizano chinali chakuti mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi akuvutika kale ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kupulumuka kwa mayiko a zilumba ndi mizinda yotsika kuli pachiwopsezo, ndipo nthawi ikutha kuti tipewe ngozi zoopsa monga kusungunuka kwa nyengo. polar ayezi, kuwuka madzi a m'nyanja omwe amasefukira mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa chakudya ndi madzi, ndi kutha kwakukulu kwa zamoyo.
Anali otchedwa Copenhagen Accord chotulukapo chabwino? Ayi ndithu.
Mgwirizanowu ndiwongonena za cholinga m'malo motsimikiza kuti achitepo kanthu, ofunitsitsa kwambiri kuposa olimbikitsa. Linapangidwa kuti liteteze nkhope m'malo mopulumutsa dziko lapansi.
Mgwirizanowu umalimbikitsa anthu owononga mpweya wotenthetsa dziko lonse lapansi kuti achepetse kutulutsa kwawo mpweya komanso kuthandiza mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ndi mapulogalamu oti azitha kusintha komanso kugula umisiri wambiri wowononga mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, mgwirizanowu siwomangirira ndipo ulibe zolinga zomveka bwino, zotheka kuzikwaniritsa, osatchulanso za changu chomwe chikufunika.
Zachidziwikire kuti iwo omwe adasaina mgwirizanowu - kuphatikiza Purezidenti Obama - akuwonetsa kuyankha panjira. Koma zikanakhala zoipa kwambiri. Panganoli likusonyeza njira yothetsera vuto la nyengo ya mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo likusonyeza kuti mayiko otukuka ali ndi udindo waukulu wothetsa vutoli.
Ngakhale nthumwi ku Copenhagen sanataye nthawi kutsutsana ndi sayansi yodziwika bwino yokhudzana ndi kutentha kwapadziko lonse, izi sizikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa akukana kutentha kwa dziko alibe ntchito.
Okayikira amadziwa kuti sayenera kupambana mkanganowo. Amangofunika kusokoneza zokambirana zapagulu. Kukayikitsa ndizopangidwa ndi sayansi-ndi pempho-osati sayansi yowunikira anzawo-ndi njira yawo.
Ndipo okayikirawo sanafunikire kuyimitsa nkhondo ku Copenhagen kuti apambane nkhondo yomwe akulimbana nayo. Maso onse tsopano ali ku US kuti awone ngati tingathe kukhazikitsa malamulo omveka bwino a nyengo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa mgwirizano uliwonse womwe waperekedwa ku Copenhagen. Lamuloli lili ndi mwayi wochepa wopita ku Senate ya US popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu. Ndipo anthu ambiri aku America akuyang'ana chifukwa chilichonse chomwe okayikira nyengo angawapatse kuti apewe maudindo awo.
Ndi tsogolo la nyengo yathu likulendewera bwino, dziko silingathe kukwanitsa "Climategate" zambiri zosokoneza.
Jules Boykoff ndi pulofesa wothandizira wa sayansi ya ndale ku Pacific University. Iye anali wokamba nkhani woitanidwa ku United Nations Climate Change Conference ku Nairobi, Kenya ku 2006 ndipo kafukufuku yemwe adalemba nawo pa "kulinganiza ngati kukondera" adaphatikizidwa mufilimu ya Al Gore ndi buku lakuti "Choonadi Chosavomerezeka."
Kristen Sheeran ndi mkulu wa bungwe la Economics for Equity and the Environment Network, gulu la akatswiri azachuma m’dziko lonselo lochokera ku Portland lomwe limayang’ana kwambiri mfundo za chilengedwe. Iye ndi wolemba nawo Kupulumutsa Kyoto: Buku la Insider ku Kyoto Protocol. Anangobwera kumene kuchokera ku Copenhagen komwe adachita nawo zokambirana zanyengo.
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