Latin America kwa nthawi yayitali imadziwika kuti "kumbuyo" yaku America ndi onse opanga mfundo zaku US, komanso otsutsa imperialism ya US. Magulu a Nationalist ndi Revolutions ku Latin America akhala akuwonetsa kwa nthawi yayitali chikhumbo chawo chosiya kukhala "seri" ku United States, ndikupeza chitukuko chawo chodziyimira pawokha.
Koma opanga mfundo zaku US, kuchokera ku Chiphunzitso cha Monroe kupita ku Chiphunzitso cha Truman, akhala akuwona Latin America ngati dera lokhazikika lomwe lili ndi zachilengedwe zambiri komanso misika yopindulitsa yomwe iyenera kukhalabe mkati mwa gawo la US, mosasamala kanthu za zilakolako za anthu ake.
Zikuoneka kuti Barack Obama amamva chimodzimodzi. Masabata angapo apitawo adanenanso zambiri, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha "kumbuyo".
"Takhala tikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Iraq komanso takhala tikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Middle East, takhala tikunyalanyaza Latin America ngakhale kumbuyo kwathu," adatero polankhula ku Alexandria, Virginia. [1]
Ndipo iye akulondola. Kuyang'ana kwa kayendetsedwe ka Bush ku Middle East kwapatsa Latin America chipinda chopumira kuchokera ku zigawenga zanthawi zonse za US komanso kulowererapo komwe kwafala m'mbiri ya Latin America. Pakalipano, atsogoleri amanzere ayamba kulamulira dera lonselo kuposa kale lonse m'magulu osintha demokalase omwe amatchedwa "Pink Tide."
Ambiri omwe ali kumanzere awona izi ngati maluwa akuluakulu a demokalase yodziwika bwino komanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu ambiri, komanso kuchoka ku ma demokalase apamwamba akale. Unyinji udakhala ndi ufulu wosankha atsogoleri akumanzere ndi okonda dziko lawo pazisankho zademokalase, popanda kuthetsedwa ndi kulowererapo kwa US, kupatulapo zina. [2]
Koma Barack Obama sakuwona choncho. M'malo mwake, zikuwoneka kuti akuwona izi ngati vuto lomwe lanyalanyazidwa ndi oyang'anira Bush, monga adachenjeza posachedwa:
"China yakhala ikutumiza akazembe ndi akatswiri a chitukuko cha zachuma ndikumanga misewu ku Latin America konse. Akupeza mapangano amalonda ndi mapangano. Ndipo timanyalanyaza Latin America pangozi yathu." [3]
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kunyalanyaza kwa US "kuseri" kwake kwalola Latin America kukhala ndi ufulu wambiri wochita malonda ndi mayiko ena, monga China; chiwopsezo china ku zokomera mabungwe aku US. Zowonadi, kusesa kumanzere kwa Latin America kumatha kuwopseza chuma cha US pomwe mayiko amderali akufuna kuwongolera zachilengedwe zawo, kusintha chuma chawo, ndikusiya kudalira ku US kuchokera kunja.
Ndithu, ndi ufulu wa dziko lililonse lodziyimira pawokha kuchita izi ngati zikufuna, ndipo atsogoleri aku Latin America monga Hugo Chavez waku Venezuela ndi Rafael Correa waku Ecuador anganene kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pachitukuko cha derali.
Koma Barack Obama amawona izi ngati vuto; zotsatira za kunyalanyaza kwa US kuderali, ndipo mwachiwonekere akuyembekeza kubwezeretsa kusintha kwa demokalase ku Latin America. Pamkangano waposachedwa ku Austin, Texas adanenanso kuti kunyalanyaza dera la US kwalola atsogoleri ngati Hugo Chavez waku Venezuela kukhala ndi ufulu wambiri.
"Tapatutsidwa kuti tisayang'ane kwambiri ku Latin Americaโฆ Ndiye, ndizodabwitsa kuti mwawonapo anthu ngati Hugo Chavez ndi mayiko ngati China akulowa m'malo opanda kanthu, chifukwa takhala tikunyalanyaza izi," adatero. [4]
Ndipo Chavez waku Venezuela akuwoneka kuti ndi vuto linalake kwa Obama; chimodzi chomwe chamupangitsa kuti aphatikize dziko la Venezuela pamndandanda wa "maiko ankhanza," pamodzi ndi Cuba, Iran ndi Syria, ndikuwonetsa kutsutsa kwake Purezidenti waku Venezuela mukulankhula kwaposachedwa:
โSindimagwirizana kwenikweni ndi mfundo za Chavez komanso momwe akuchitira ndi anthu ake,โ adatero. [5]
Zikuwoneka kuti zilibe kanthu kuti anthu aku Venezuela akugwirizana ndi mfundo za Chavez, ndipo awonetsa mobwerezabwereza kumuthandiza pazisankho zademokalase. Ndipo Obama mwachiwonekere akuwona dziko la Venezuela ngati "boma lachipongwe" osati chifukwa ndi chiwopsezo cha chitetezo, koma chifukwa "[Chavez] wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zamafuta kuti abweretse mavuto ku United States," monga momwe adanenera posachedwa. [6]
Zowonadi, mayiko ambiri aku Latin America apeza posachedwa lingaliro "lopenga" loti atha kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe zawo momwe akufunira, ndipo safunikira kulemekeza zokonda za United States. Chavez waku Venezuela ndi Evo Morales waku Bolivia ndi ena mwa anthu omwe asunga zachilengedwe zawo, ndipo ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo momwe angafunire.
Chavez makamaka wagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogulira mafuta ku Venezuela kuti athandizire ntchito zogwirira ntchito limodzi ndi mayiko ena komanso kukulitsa malonda amchigawo pakati pa mayiko aku Latin America. Ndondomekozi zili ndi cholinga chosokoneza chuma cha Venezuela, ndikuchotsa kudalira kwa chigawochi ku United States. [7]
Ngati izi ndi zomwe Obama akunena kuti "zoyambitsa mavuto," akulondola kuti ndondomekozi sizikugwirizana ndi mabungwe a US omwe akufuna kuyang'anira misika ndi chuma cha mayiko a Latin America. Koma kodi anthu aku Latin America sakuyenera kusankha momwe ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera kuzinthu zawo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito? Kapena kodi ichi ndi chisankho chomwe chiyenera kuchokera ku Washington?
Zonsezi zimapangitsa munthu kudabwa momwe Barack Obama angachitire ku Latin America ngati angasankhidwe purezidenti mwezi wa Novembala. Senator wanena kale kuti ali wokonzeka kukumana ndi adani aliwonse a United States, kuphatikiza Raul Castro waku Cuba, ndi Hugo Chavez waku Venezuela, koma sananene chilichonse ngati apitiliza kapena ayi. kugwetsa maboma amanzere m'derali.
M'malo mwake, ngati ndemanga za mlangizi wake wamkulu wa ndale zakunja Samantha Power ndi chisonyezo, sichiyembekezo. Power, wothandizira mwamphamvu kuphulika kwa mabomba ku 1999 ku US ku Serbia, adanena kuti ndondomeko zapakhomo za Chavez ndi "zovuta kwambiri" muzokambirana zaposachedwa, ndipo adanena kuti Obama akufunafuna kusintha kwa ndondomeko za Venezuela.
"NgatiโฆChavez akupitilizabe kupatuka pa zomwe Obama akuganiza kuti ndi zikhalidwe zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa m'dziko lathu, ndiye kuti ndi vuto," adatero Power. [8]
Mphamvu inapitiriza kunena kuti olamulira a Obama adzayang'ana pa "zomwe Chavez amachita moyipa kuchokera kwa anthu aku Venezuela." Izi zikubweretsa funso lodziwikiratu: kodi si ntchito ya anthu aku Venezuela kusankha izi?
Komabe, monga momwe Obama amakondera "kusintha" ku United States, zikuwoneka kuti sakugwirizana ndi kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono "kuseri kwa nyumba" yaku America. Kwa zaka zopitirira zana, kugwetsa ndi kulowererapo kwa US m'derali kwakhala kosalekeza, kuchokera ku maboma a Democratic ndi Republican, kugwetsa kapena kuthetsa ziwopsezo zilizonse paulamuliro wa US. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale iye ndi amene akupita patsogolo kwambiri pa omwe akufuna kukhala pulezidenti, zikuwoneka kuti ndizokayikitsa kuti Obama angavomereze zoyesayesa za Latin America kuti atuluke.
M'malo mwake, zikuwoneka kuti nkhawa yayikulu ya Obama ndi kufooka kwa mphamvu ya United States m'derali. Mosiyana ndi olamulira a Bush, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ku Middle East, Barack Obama akuwoneka kuti ali wokonzeka kutembenuza Washington kuti abwerere "kuseri" kwake kumwera.
Iye wapempha kuti pakhale "mgwirizano watsopano wopita patsogolo," ponena za ndondomeko yoyamba ya John F. Kennedy yolepheretsa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ku Latin America ndi kuteteza zofuna za US ndi ulamuliro. Ndipo ngakhale amadzudzula apo ndi apo ndi NAFTA (yomwe idavumbulutsidwa posachedwa ngati "malo andale"), Obama adanenanso kuti sipadzakhala kusintha pang'ono pakukankhira kwa Washington pamalonda aulere, chiphunzitso chomwe chakanidwa kwambiri ndi mayiko ambiri aku Latin America.
Zonsezi zitha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zowopsa kumayendedwe akumanzere aku Latin America, ndipo zitha kutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwazinthu zowonekera komanso zobisika kuti ziwononge maboma awo, kuphatikiza kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zomwe boma la Bush limapereka komanso kuthandizira magulu akumanja omwe ali ogwirizana ndi US ndi zina. mphamvu zotsutsana ndi zigawenga.
A Obama wakhazikitsanso mapulani okulitsa gulu lankhondo la US, zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti sangakane kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo. Mlangizi wamkulu wa Obama wa Zachilendo Zakunja Samantha Power sichoncho, monga adafotokozera poyankhulana posachedwa:
"Pali zovuta zachitetezo cha dziko komanso zothandiza anthu kunja uko zomwe zidzafunika chisamaliro cha America, ndipo nthawi zina zimafunikira chisamaliro chankhondo," adatero. [9]
Ngati pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe mayiko aku Latin America angayembekezere kuchokera kwa purezidenti wa Barack Obama, ndizowonjezereka ku Washington. Ngati mbiri ndi chizindikiro chilichonse, izi sizingakhale zabwino pakusintha kwaposachedwa kwademokalase m'derali.
1. Pakulankhula kwa kampeni ku Alexandria, VA, February 10, 2008: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gopuefFpcx0
2. Purezidenti wakale wa Haiti Jean Bertrand Aristide ndi Purezidenti waku Venezuela Hugo Chavez ndiawiri odziwika bwino. Woyamba adagonjetsedwa ndi asitikali aku US ku 2004 ndipo womalizayo adagonjetsedwa kwakanthawi ndi chiwembu chothandizidwa ndi US ku 2002.
3. Pakulankhula kwa kampeni ku Alexandria, VA, February 10, 2008: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gopuefFpcx0
4. Kuchokera ku CNN Democratic Debate ku Austin, Texas pa February 21, 2008: http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/02/21/debate.transcript/
5. Alexandria, VA, Feb. 10, 2008: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gopuefFpcx0
6. Ibid.
7. Onani nkhani ya Steve Elner, "Kugwiritsa Ntchito Diplomacy ya Mafuta Kuthetsa Kudalira kwa Venezuela," October 3rd, 2007, http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/2677
8. Pa zokambirana pa DemocracyNow! pa February 22, 2008: http://www.democracynow.org/2008/2/25/barack_obamas_senior_foreign_policy_adviser
9. Ibid.
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