Chávez bashing akhala akukambirana kwanthawi yayitali pakati pa akuluakulu aku US. Zitsanzo zaposachedwa kwambiri zikuwonekera m'magazini a July 21st a New York Times ndi Washington Post, omwe amalemba zonena kuti Chávez ndi amene amachititsa kuti ziwawa ziwonjezeke ku Venezuela komanso kusokoneza dziko la Colombia. Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri nyuzipepala ya Washington Post ndi lipoti lomwe latulutsidwa posachedwapa kuchokera ku US Government Accountability Office (GAO) lomwe limafotokoza za "ziphuphu zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika m'boma la Purezidenti Hugo Chávez ndi thandizo la boma kwa zigawenga zozembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Colombia [zomwe] zapangitsa kuti Venezuela ikhale dziko lokhala m'malo. njira yaikulu yopangira mankhwala a cocaine opita ku United States ndi ku Ulaya.” Chisamaliro chikulunjikitsidwa kwa zigawenga za FARC za Marxist za ku Colombia, zoyerekezedwa ndi Post kulamulira 60 peresenti ya malonda a cocaine a ku Colombia. Senator waku Republican Richard Lugar wapatsidwa mwayi mu Post kuti awononge dziko la Venezuela chifukwa "kukhala dziko lachipongwe, lodalira kwambiri ndikuwona malonda apadziko lonse a mankhwala osokoneza bongo."
Osatinso kupitirira, nkhani ya Times ya July 21 imakhudza Chávez pakukula kwa anthu okhala mumzinda wa Barinas, womwe uli kumadzulo kwa Venezuela. Barinas ali ndi ziwopsezo zobedwa nthawi zopitilira 3.5 kuposa dziko lonselo, ndipo mzindawu ukulamulidwa ndi mchimwene wake wa Chávez, Adán Chávez. Nyuzipepala ya Times siinatchule umboni wosonyeza kuti banja la Chávez linatenga nawo mbali pa kuba anthu a ku Barinas, koma izi sizinalepheretse atolankhaniwo kupanga mgwirizano pakati pa “magulu a zigawenga [amene] akuyenda bwino chifukwa cha chipwirikiticho [ku Barinas] pamene banja la a Chávez likulimbitsa nyonga yawo. dziko.” Owerenga sapeza ngakhale kunamizira kwazinthu m'mawu owopsa ngati amenewa.
Kufufuza umboni weniweni wa kugwirizana pakati pa Chávez ndi kubedwa si gawo la ndondomeko ya masewera a Times. Akadakonda nkhani yapagulu yamatope yokhala ndi mikangano yosamvetsetseka yolunjika ku boma la Chávez. M'malo mwake Times imavomereza kuti kutenga nawo gawo kwakukulu kwa Chávez ku Barinas sikumakhudza kuvulaza osauka (omwe akhala akuvutika kwambiri chifukwa cha kubedwa), koma pakuyesetsa kukonza unyinji wa anthu kudzera pakukhazikitsa kusintha kwa nthaka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zamafuta. mapulogalamu abwino.
Kuwukira kwa Chávez kudatsagananso ndi referendum ya Venezuela mu 2009, yomwe idachotsa utsogoleri wazaka 12 mdzikolo. Nyuzipepala ya Times inalemba pokonzekera referendum kuti Chávez anali "nkhani yokhazikika - wolamulira wankhanza, kuletsa kusagwirizana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chamafuta mdziko muno pothandizira ndale." Kuukira kotereku, modabwitsa, kumatsatiridwa ndi kuvomereza kuti chithandizo cha Chávez chimachokera ku mapulogalamu othandizira anthu omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito, omwe amapindulitsa anthu ambiri osauka aku Venezuela. Thandizo lake kwa anthu ambiri limalembedwa popanda kukambirana ngati zosafunika, komabe, monga momwe Times imachitira ndi abambo ndipo imapempha anthu aku Venezuela omwe "amakhulupirira demokalase yawo" kuti "avote ayi" pothetsa malire.
Mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira powunika kuukira kwa Chávez. Pankhani ya ku Colombia, palibe nkhani yomwe ikuperekedwa mu Times ndi Post lipoti lothandizira kwambiri lomwe US yachita poyambitsa vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Palibe chidwi chomwe chimaperekedwa ku mfundo yakuti atsogoleri a US agwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni a madola akuphunzitsa ndikupereka magulu ankhondo akumanja, otsutsana ndi FARC ku Colombia (omwe ali ogwirizana ndi boma la Colombia), ndipo akugwira nawo kwambiri malonda a cocaine okha. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe kukambitsirana za kusamveka kozungulira komwe Chávez akuti akuyambitsa mkangano wa Colombia ndi Venezuela. Pali zosamveka zambiri, komabe, pa funso ili. Bungwe la Human Rights Watch, ngakhale ladzudzula kwambiri Chávez (mwinamwake moyenerera), silingathe kuwulula umboni uliwonse wotsimikizira kuti Chávez akuthandiza zigawenga za FARC. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti anali Chávez mwiniwake yemwe adanyoza gulu la FARC poyera, ponena kuti zaka za "nkhondo zachiwembu ndi mbiri yakale." Iye wathandizira kubwereranso ku zokambirana zamtendere pakati pa FARC ndi boma la Colombia, ndipo anakankhira FARC kuthetsa mchitidwe wawo wachigawenga wolanda anthu wamba ndi akuluakulu aboma ngati ogwidwa.
Pankhani ya ndale za "zankhanza" za Chávez, zoulutsira nkhani za ku US zikufanana ndi zabodza kuposa zenizeni. Mapepala aku US ali ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri kufotokoza momwe wolamulira wankhanza angasankhidwe mwa demokalase kanayi pazaka khumi zapitazi - mu 1998, 2000, 2004, ndi 2006, makamaka m'mipikisano yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yowonekera komanso yovomerezeka ndi oyang'anira zisankho zapadziko lonse lapansi. Nyuzipepala ya Times ikulepheranso kufotokoza zotsatira za referendum ya 2009, yomwe pochotsa malire a pulezidenti, idatsimikiziridwa ngati yachilungamo komanso yademokalase ndi owonera mayiko.
Kufotokozera kodziwikiratu pakuwukira kwa Times pa Chávez ndikuti pepalali limanyoza demokalase yaku Venezuela. Chávez wakhala akusangalala ndi chithandizo champhamvu chademokalase kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri aku Venezuela, ndikukwiyitsa andale aku America omwe amawona kuti Venezuela ndi yachonde, koma osagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira ndalama zamabizinesi. Tiyeni tilingalire umboni: 1. Chávez wakhala akusankhidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi malire omwe George W. Bush sakanalota kuti akwaniritse. 2. Kafukufuku wa Gallup International kuchokera mu 2007 akutsimikiziranso kuvomerezeka kwa demokalase kwa ndale za ku Venezuela m'njira zingapo. 53 peresenti ya anthu a ku Venezuela kaŵirikaŵiri amalingalira kuti dziko lawo “likulamulidwa ndi chifuniro cha anthu” mu ulamuliro wa Chávez. Kuonjezera apo, 67 peresenti amaona kuti zisankho ku Venezuela zimachitidwa "mwachilungamo" mosiyana ndi "zopanda chilungamo". Kuphatikiza apo, monga momwe ndikuwunika kwanga kwa kafukufuku wa Gallup wa 2007 kukuwonetsa, anthu aku Venezuela osauka ndi omwe alibe ntchito (osauka omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri) ali ndi mwayi wokhulupirira kuti dzikoli likulamulidwa ndi zofuna za anthu ambiri komanso kuti zisankho za dzikoli ndi zaufulu, zademokalase. , ndi chilungamo. Izi zikusiyana kwambiri ndi anthu olemera komanso olembedwa ntchito aku Venezuela omwe amakana izi.
Mmodzi sangamve zonena zankhani zaku US kuti ndi US, m'malo mwa akuluakulu aku Venezuela omwe amawakayikira ku Venezuela. Kafukufuku wochitidwa mu 2007 ndi BBC adawonetsa kuti anthu ambiri aku Latin America omwe adafunsidwa adawona dziko la US molakwika ndipo amatsutsana ndi zomwe boma la Bush lidachita kale. Ambiri ku Argentina, Brazil, Chile ndi Mexico adawona kuti chikoka cha US padziko lapansi chinali "choyipa kwambiri," pomwe pakati pa 65-92 peresenti amatsutsana ndi momwe US akuchitira nkhondo ku Iraq. Kuwunika kwa atsogoleri andale payekha kunapeza kuti Chávez amathandizidwa ndi anthu aku Venezuela, pomwe Purezidenti Bush wakale adalandira chithandizo chochepa osati ku Venezuela kokha, komanso dera lonse.
Kutchuka kwa Chávez, monga momwe atolankhani aku America amavomerezera monyinyirika, kudachokera pakufunitsitsa kwake kuyika zosowa za anthu osauka aku Venezuela patsogolo pa za ochita bizinesi. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti iye ndi woyera kapena kuti kuponderezana kwa ndale kusakhale kodetsa nkhawa kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'madera onse a dziko lapansi. Palibe mtsogoleri wandale yemwe akuyenera cheke chopanda kanthu kuti aphatikize mphamvu zandale. Koma zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuthawa atsogoleri aku US ndikuti demokalase yaku Venezuela ikupereka ntchito yoti atsogoleri aziyankha kwa anthu aku Venezuela, osati "kuwawunikira" akuluakulu aku US.
"Bolivarian Revolution" ya Chávez ndiyotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Venezuela. Iye akukwanitsa kulimbikitsa ndondomeko zambiri zothandiza anthu zomwe zimalipidwa ndi ndalama zomwe dziko lino limagulitsa kunja kwa mafuta. Chávez akutsogolera ntchito zolimbikitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, chithandizo chamankhwala chothandizidwa ndi boma, maphunziro apamwamba apamwamba, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zapenshoni za boma, kugawanso malo, ndi kukulitsa nyumba za anthu, pakati pa mapulogalamu ena. Kusintha kwazaumoyo kwa Chávez kukukweza kwambiri miyoyo ya nzika. Kuwonjezeka kwa 50 peresenti ya ndalama zothandizira chithandizo cha anthu kuyambira 1999-2005 (m'zaka 6 zoyambirira za utsogoleri wa Chávez) zinatsagana ndi kuchepa kwa imfa za makanda, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha sukulu kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zomwe munthu amapeza, komanso kuchepa kwa umphawi. Kuchokera mu 1997-2005, umphawi wa dziko lonse unatsika kuchoka pa 56 kufika pa 38 peresenti ya anthu. Pofika m’chaka cha 2005, pafupifupi anthu 50 pa 6 alionse a ku Venezuela ankalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chaboma, pamene chiŵerengero chofananacho chinalandiranso thandizo la chakudya cha boma. Kusintha kwa Bolivarian, munthu ayenera kukumbukira, kunachitikanso pansi pakukula kokhazikika kwachuma, kuyambira 18-2004 peresenti ya GDP pachaka kuyambira 2008-XNUMX. Izi zikuimilira pamutu pake malingaliro a atolankhani a ku United States akuti mfundo za chikhalidwe cha sosholisti ndizolepheretsa kwambiri kukhazikika kwachuma ndi chitukuko.
Palibe aliyense ku US ayenera kudabwa kuti anthu a ku Venezuela amathandizira Chávez chifukwa cha ndondomeko za umoyo wake. Izi, komabe, zabisidwa m'mawu a Times omwe amalemba Chávez ngati "munthu wamphamvu waku Latin America" yemwe "amayendetsa dziko lake pafupifupi ndale ndi zankhondo" posokoneza zisankho komanso kutsitsa zachilengedwe. Zosokoneza zofalitsa nkhani za ndale zaku Latin America sizachilendo. Nyuzipepala ya Times ndi Post yakhala ikuyang'ana ku Latin America nthawi zonse kudzera m'maso a neoliberal, capitalist, ndipo kufalikira kwa Venezuela kumapatuka pang'ono panjira iyi.
Anthony DiMaggio amaphunzitsa za Global and American Politics ku Illinois State University. Ndiwolemba wa Mass Media, Mass Propaganda: Kusanthula Nkhani zaku America mu 'War on Terror (2008) ndi When Media Goes to War (ikubwera February 2010). Atha kufikiridwa pa: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
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