Pobwerera m'mbuyo ku Spain, zipani zodzipatula zaku Catalan zapambana pang'ono ku Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Catalan. Ovota adapita ku zisankho Lachinayi pachisankho chomwe chinayitanidwa ndi Prime Minister waku Spain Mariano Rajoy, yemwe adachotsa boma lodzipatula lapitalo. Kuvota kwa Lachinayi kumabwera pambuyo poti Nyumba yamalamulo yachigawo cha Catalonia idavota mu Okutobala kuti ikhale yodziyimira pawokha ndi mavoti 70 kwa 10. Nyumba ya Senate yaku Spain ku Madrid idayankha mwachangu popatsa Prime Minister waku Spain Mariano Rajoy mphamvu zomwe sizinachitikepo kuti akhazikitse ulamuliro wachindunji ku Catalonia malinga ndi Article 155 ya Constitution. zomwe zinali zisanagwiritsidwepo ntchito m'mbiri ya demokalase yamakono ya Spain. Izi zidapangitsa kuti chigawo chakumpoto chakum'mawa chidziyimire pawokha poyesa kuthetsa gulu la Catalonia lomwe likukulirakulira. Kenako Rajoy adayitanitsa zisankho zatsopano, kuwerengera ovota aku Catalan kuti athandizire zipani zolimbikitsa mgwirizano. Timalankhula ndi Sebastiaan Faber, pulofesa wa maphunziro a ku Puerto Rico ku Oberlin College komanso wolemba buku latsopano "Memory Battles of the Spanish Civil War: History, Fiction, Photography."
AMY GOODMAN: izi ndi Demokarase Tsopano! Ndine Amy Goodman. Pobwerera m'mbuyo m'boma la Spain, zipani zodzipatula zaku Catalan zapambana pang'ono kunyumba yamalamulo ku Catalan. Ovota adapita ku zisankho Lachinayi pachisankho chomwe chinayitanidwa ndi Prime Minister waku Spain, Mariano Rajoy, yemwe adachotsa boma lodzipatula lapitalo. Purezidenti wa Catalan yemwe adachotsedwa Carles Puigdemont adalankhula Lachinayi kuchokera ku Belgium, komwe akukhala ku ukapolo pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a boma la Catalan, omwe sanamangidwe.
CARLES PUIGDEMONT: [kumasulira] Dziko la Spain lagonjetsedwa. Rajoy ndi anzake ataya ndipo adalandira mbama pamaso pa anthu a ku Catalan. Iwo ataya chigamulo, chomwe adafuna kuti alembetse mwalamulo kulanda boma kwa 155, ndipo Catalonia sinawathandize kuti izi zitheke. Rajoy wamira ku Catalonia. Akaidi ayenera kuchoka m'ndende nthawi yomweyo, ndipo boma lovomerezeka liyenera kubwerera nthawi yomweyo ku nyumba yachifumu ya Generalitat, yomwe ndi nyumba yathu, kumene nzika zathu zimafuna kuti tikhale.
AMY GOODMAN: Kuvota kwa Lachinayi kumabwera pambuyo poti Nyumba yamalamulo yachigawo cha Catalonia idavotera mu Okutobala ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ndi 70 kwa 10. Nyumba yamalamulo yaku Spain, ku Madrid, idayankha mwachangu popatsa Prime Minister waku Spain Mariano Rajoy mphamvu zomwe sizinachitikepo kuti akhazikitse ulamuliro wachindunji ku Catalonia malinga ndi Article 155 ya Constitution. , yomwe inali isanagwiritsidwepo ntchito mโmbiri ya demokalase yamakono ya Spain. Izi zidapangitsa kuti chigawo chakumpoto chakum'mawa chidziyimire pawokha poyesa kuthetsa gulu la Catalonia lomwe likukulirakulira. Kenako Rajoy adayitanitsa zisankho zatsopano, kuwerengera ovota aku Catalan kuti athandizire zipani zolimbikitsa mgwirizano. Tsopano Puigdemont wapempha Rajoy kuti apite ku msonkhano ku Brussels kapena malo aliwonse omwe angasankhe kuti akambirane, mawu, "popanda zikhalidwe zomwe zinalipo kale" ponena za tsogolo la Catalonia.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, timapita ku Cleveland, Ohio. Taphatikizidwa ndi Sebastiaan Faber, pulofesa wa maphunziro a Hispanic ku Oberlin College komanso wolemba buku latsopanoli. Memory Nkhondo za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku Spain: Mbiri, Fiction, Kujambula.
Pulofesa Faber, talandiridwanso Demokarase Tsopano! Fotokozani kufunika kwa votiyi.
SEBASTIAAN CHAKUDYA: Chabwino, muyenera kumvetsetsa, zisankho izi zidachitika mwachilendo kwambiri. Monga momwe mwanenera, adayitanidwa ndi boma ku Madrid atachotsa ufulu waku Catalan. Ndipo iwo aliโzinachitika motsutsana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chizunzo chamilandu cha atsogoleri a gulu lodziimira pawokha. Choncho, nโzochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuti ngakhale atsogoleri a zipani ziwiri zikuluzikulu zosonyeza kuti anali odziyimira pawokha anali ku ukapolo kapena kundendeโkuti ngakhale zili choncho, zipani zodziyimira pawokha zinapitirizabe kupezaโkupambana mipando yambiri ku Catalan. Nyumba yamalamulo.
Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri apa ndikuti chipani cha Prime Minister Rajoy, Partido Popular, chidataya magawo awiri mwa atatu a chithandizo chake ku Catalonia. Zinalidi ndi chithandizo chochepa kwambiri. Tsopano yachepetsedwa kukhala mipando itatu yokha mu Nyumba Yamalamuloโyoposa 4 peresenti ya mavoti. Chifukwa chake, mutha kunena kuti pakadali pano, pansi pa Article 155 ya Constitution, chipani chomwe chikulamulira ku Catalonia, chomwe ndi Rajoy's Partido Popular, ndi chipani chomwe pakali pano chili ndi chithandizo chopitilira 4 peresenti ya zisankho.
AMY GOODMAN: Chifukwa chake, fotokozani zomwe zikuchitika, Pulofesa Faber, kwa anthu omwe salabadira izi konse. Lankhulani za utsogoleri, utsogoleri wolamulira wa Catalonia m'ndende.
SEBASTIAAN CHAKUDYA: Chabwino, kotero, kumayambiriro kwa September, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Catalan inayambitsa ndondomeko, ndondomeko yopita ku chilengezo cha ufulu. Pa Okutobala 1, panali referendum, yomwe idachitika ngakhale kuti dziko la Spain lidachita zomwe lingathe kuti liyimitse. Ndipo mu referendum, anthu ambiri adavotera ufulu wodzilamulira. Ndiyeno Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Chikatalani inapita patsogolo ndipo potsirizira pake inafika pa chilengezo chaufulu kumapeto kwa October.
Chifukwa chakuti zonsezi zikuonedwa kuti ndi kuphwanya malamulo a dziko la Spain, pa nthawi yomweyo, ndondomeko yoweluza milandu inakhazikitsidwa ndipo pamapeto pake inali kuzunza aliyense amene anayesetsa kuti apeze ufulu wodzilamulira, kuphatikizapo utsogoleri wa zipani zodziimira paokhazi. Chifukwa chake, a-Junqueras, mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Izquierda Republicana, chipani cha Left Republican Catalan, wakhala m'ndende kuyambira pamenepo, pomwe mtsogoleri wa-chomwe kale chinali chipani chachikulu kwambiri cha Conservative ku Catalonia adaganiza zosakayika pachiwopsezo chilichonse. ndi kuchoka mโdzikolo. Ndipo wakhala ali ku Brussels ku ukapolo kuyambira pamenepo.
Choncho, mโpofunikadi kumvetsetsa kuti ngakhale kutiโngakhale zimene zinachitika dzulo, pamene zipani zodziimira paokha zinapitirizabe kukhala ndi mipando yambiri, ndondomeko yoweruza milanduyi ikupitirirabe. M'malo mwake, m'mawa uno, kotero m'mawa pambuyo pa zisankho, Khothi Lalikulu ku Spain lidalengeza kuti likutsutsa gulu la atsogoleri ena a gulu lodziyimira pawokha, a zipani zonse zodziyimira pawokha, komanso zipani zapachiweniweni. gulu lomwe lakhala likuchirikiza ufulu wodzilamulira.
Ndipo mukhoza kufotokoza izi ngati mtundu wa McCarthyism, kumene, kwenikweni, malo ovomerezeka a ndale, omwe ndi lingaliro lakuti Catalonia ili bwino payokha ngati republic yodziimira, yakhala yolakwa. Ndipo momwemonso kuti mu 1950s chikominisi chinali chifukwa chozunza malingaliro andale, zomwezo zikuchitika tsopano ku Spain, kumene nthambi yachiweruzo ya dziko la Spain ikugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza ndi mtundu wa kuika malire ku zomwe zimanenedwa ndi zoganiza za ndale.
AMY GOODMAN: Ndipo tanthauzo la Puigdemont kunena kuti akufuna kukumana ndi Rajoy, adzakumana naye kulikonse kunja kwa Spain popanda chotsatira?
SEBASTIAAN CHAKUDYA: Rajoy wanena kale, m'mawa uno pamsonkhano wa atolankhani, kuti sadzalankhula ndi Puigdemont kulikonse. Rajoy, mwachizolowezi chake chokana, wanena kuti sangachite zimenezo. Ndizowona-munthu angadabwe kuti malingaliro awa a Rajoy, kukana kwamtunduwu kwa Rajoy, akhoza kupirira zenizeni, zenizeni zandale zakuti pafupifupi theka la anthu ku Catalonia samawona dziko la Spain ngati dziko lawo ndipo akufuna. kuchoka. Sizikudziwika ngati Rajoy angapitirizebe izi, koma ayesera, ndithudi.
Pakalipano, boma la Catalan likupitirizabe kuthetsedwa. Roy adati m'mawa uno atero-boma lodzilamulira lidzabwezeretsedwa posachedwa boma latsopano litakhazikitsidwa. Ndipo tsopano funso ndilakuti ngati zipani zitatu zodziyimira pawokha zitha kupanga boma. Iwo ali ndi mipando yambiri, koma pali atatu a iwo, ndipo iwo samawona diso ndi maso pa chirichonse. Ndiye zikadali zokayikitsa ngati boma likhoza kupangidwa. Ndipo zatsala pang'ono kukayikira kuti boma lidzawoneka bwanji, chifukwa cha 70 oyimira ufulu omwe adasankhidwa dzulo, asanu ndi atatu ali ku ukapolo kapena kundende panopa.
AMY GOODMAN: Ndikufuna kukuthokozani kwambiri, Sebastiaan Faber, chifukwa cholowa nafe, pulofesa wa maphunziro a ku Spain ku Oberlin College, wolemba buku latsopanoli. Memory Nkhondo za Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku Spain: Mbiri, Fiction, Kujambula.
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