Kupatulapo dziko limodzi louma khosi lomwe lidalimbikira mpaka kumapeto kwa mgwirizano womwe ungakwaniritse miyezo yochepa yasayansi yobwezeretsa kutentha kwa dziko, atsogoleri adziko adagwirizana: kuletsa kuwongolera kutulutsa mpweya, kulonjeza ndalama popanda magwero ophatikizidwa, kusiya kukhudzidwa ndi ulamuliro wazinthu zaluntha. imachepetsa kuyenda kwaukadaulo wobiriwira, ndikukulitsa njira zopangira msika zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukwera kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Mabungwe ambiri akunena zotsatira zake zimatipatsa chiyembekezo. Iwo akuwona kuti maiko angโonoangโono a zisumbu ndi mayiko a mu Afirika okhudzidwa ndi chilala anavomera panganolo, pobwezera ndalama zofunika. Akunena kuti tsopano titha kupitilira ku COP 17 ku Durban.
Kupulumutsa njira zamitundu yambiri kunali kofunika - ndizo zonse zomwe tiyenera kupanga zisankho zomwe zimakhudza dziko lathu lapansi ndi zamoyo zonse zomwe zimakhalapo. Zinali zofunika kuti nkhanizo zisamatheretu, monga momwe zinachitikira ku Copenhagen. Koma mgwirizanowu uli ndi njira zodzifunira ndipo umasiya mayiko kukhala omasuka kukhazikitsa zolinga zawo ndi ndondomeko zochepetsera mpweya. M'malo mwake, ndi mgwirizano wamayiko ambiri kuti musagwirizane.
Kupulumutsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya mayiko ambiri, makamaka Protocol ya Kyoto, yomwe inalengezedwa ku Cancun ndi nkhani yokayikitsa. Monga Martin Khor wa Third World Network "Msonkhano wa Cancun unapangitsa kuti maiko otukuka asinthe kuchoka ku Kyoto Protocol ndi malamulo ake oletsa kuchepetsa mpweya, n'kupita ku dongosolo lodzifunira limene dziko lililonse limapanga malonjezo a momwe lidzachepetsere mpweya wake. .โ
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayiko otukuka omwe ali ndi vuto la kusintha kwanyengo asiya kuchitapo kanthu. Zina, monga kulola kugulitsa "ndalama zowonjezera" mu nthawi ya 2008-2012 zitha kuthetseratu zolinga zawo zochepetsera mpweya. Pansi pa ndondomekoyi, dziko lotukuka lomwe limatulutsa pansi pa mlingo wololedwa panthawiyi likhoza kugulitsa ngongole ku mayiko otukuka kuti apitirizebe kutulutsa mpweya, kupitirira nthawi yomwe ndalamazo zinatsimikiziridwa.
Njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi nkhalango ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka, monga Reduction of Emissions for Deforestation and Forest Degradation proposal (REDD) ndi Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mumgwirizanowu, zikuchepetsanso malonjezo ochepetsa mpweya pokulitsa msika wogula. kuthekera koipitsa pamwamba pa milingo yotetezeka.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Todd Stern, woimira US pazokambirana, adawonetsa chisangalalo chake pa mgwirizanowu, Kunena, "Zotsatirazi zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zolinga za US." US idabwera ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino yoletsa kuwongolera kulikonse kovomerezeka. Maudindo a owononga mbiri yakale kuti alipire pa "ngongole yanyengo" adasiyidwa bwino kundalama zomwe sizinatchulidwe, zomwe zitha kuphatikiza njira zochepetsera msika wabizinesi komanso zitha kuperekedwa ngati ngongole osati ndalama. Zolinga za US zidakwaniritsidwa mokwanira ku Cancun, kuyika dziko lonse lapansi pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Winanso wopambana kwambiri mu mgwirizano wa Cancun ndi ogulitsa msika wa carbon. Mu United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). udindo wawo umadziwika bwino m'ndime ya maudindo a mayiko otukuka: "Zolinga za mayiko otukuka zimavomerezedwa mwalamulo pansi pa ndondomeko ya mayiko ambiri ndipo maikowa ndi kupanga mapulani ndi njira zachitukuko za carbon yochepa ndikuwunika momwe angakwaniritsire bwino, kuphatikizapo kudzera mumsika. , ndi kupereka lipoti la ndandanda yawo chaka chilichonse.โ
Mgwirizanowu ukulimbikitsanso Njira Zachitukuko Choyera kuti, m'malo mowongolera owononga ndi kulamula kuyeretsa, amapereka mphotho kwa oipitsa mbiri yakale chifukwa chosintha njira zochepetsera zochepetsera zomwe zimangotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito misika kuthandizira kupewa kutulutsa mpweya, atsogoleri a mayiko awononga kwambiri anthu ndipo apereka mphatso yosawerengeka kwa anthu olosera ndi owononga zinthu. Maboma akusiya udindo wawo wofunikira pakukhazikitsa malamulo panthawi yamavuto.
Kodi zonsezi zikuchokera kuti?
Kuwunika yolembedwa ndi Climate Change Tracker ikuti "palibe zisankho [ku Cancun] zomwe zinali zokhazikika kuti zithandizire kusintha kotsimikizika."
Climate Change Tracker imawerengera kutentha kwa madigiri a 3.2 ngati mgwirizano, womwe ndi wodzifunira, umatsatiridwa, ena amanena kuti tikuyenda pa kusintha kwa digiri ya 4-5. Izi zapitilira cholinga cha digiri ya 1.5-2 mu mgwirizano womwewo ndipo asayansi akuchenjeza kuti izi zidzatsogolera kuzinthu zomwe zimatsutsa zamoyo zambiri ndi madera a anthu komanso njira zopezera moyo.
Kuchokera kumbali ya zamoyo kutheratu ndi kukwera kwa kutentha komwe mgwirizanowu ukuvomereza, Cancun ndi nkhani yoyipa kwambiri. Anthu ndi amene ali ndi vuto la chiwopsezochi ndipo ndi yekhayo amene angathe kuchithetsa. Chilengedwe ndi zamoyo zopanda mawu zimavutitsidwa ndi kupanda chilungamo kwa kusachitapo kanthu. Anthu osauka, omwe nthawi zambiri samalankhula m'madera mwawo, amavutikanso kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, iwo alibe gulu lalikulu kutsutsa zokambirana za kusintha kwa nyengo.
Bolivia, wotsutsa yekhayo pachigamulo chomwe chimayenera kukhala chogwirizana, adapereka ndemanga kunena kuti, โBoma la Plurinational la Bolivia limakhulupirira kuti malemba a Cancun ndi chipambano chopanda pake ndi chabodza chimene chinaikidwa popanda kugwirizana, ndipo mtengo wake udzayesedwa mโmiyoyo ya anthu. Mbiri idzaweruza mwankhanza.โ Wokambirana zanyengo ku Bolivia Pablo Solon adalengeza kuti dzikolo litero tengera mgwirizano kukhoti ku Khothi Lachilungamo Ladziko Lonse ku The Hague. Mlembi wa Mexican of Foreign Relations Patricia Espinosa adatseka gawoli pa 3:30 AM kutanthauzira lamulo loti mapangano afikire mogwirizana ponena kuti, "kugwirizana sikutanthauza mgwirizano". Solon adati chigamulochi chinali "kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika pangano lachitetezo cha nyengo."
Pokhala ndi mitambo padziko lonse lapansi, malonjezo osamveka bwino komanso dziko lapansi lomwe lili pachiwopsezo, mgwirizano wa Cancun ukhazikitsa maziko a mgwirizano waku Durban womwe - pamlingo uwu - udzakhazikitsa mgwirizano kwina. Pakadali pano, njira zachangu zomwe zingawononge owononga magawo abizinesi sizikuyenda bwino ndipo ngongole zanyengo zimachulukana pamene kutentha kumakwera. Zoyembekeza zochepa sizikuvomerezedwanso.
Laura Carlsen ndi director of the CIP Americas Program ku www.cipamericas.org
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama