Patatha miyezi ingapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa NATO motsogozedwa ndi Canada kuwukira kum'mwera kwa Afghanistan kumapeto kwa 2005, Prime Minister watsopano waku Canada adauza asitikali aku Canada omwe adasonkhana ku Kandahar kuti cholinga cha kulanda dziko la Afghanistan chinali "kupanga demokalase. dziko lotukuka, lamakono lomwe lingakhale chitsanzo kudera lino la dziko lapansi.รขโฌ
Nkhani ya pa October 6 mu Globe ndi Mail National daily ikuti kugonja kwa asitikali a รขโฌลTalibanรขโฌ ndi "chiwonetsero chammbali mwa ntchito yeniyeni yaku Canada yojambula masukulu ndi zitsime zoboola."
Zowona ku Afghanistan zikunama ku zolinga zomwe zanenedwazi. Asilikali olanda anthu abweretsa imfa, zisoni ndi chiwonongeko chochuluka m'dzikoli. Kuwukira ndi kulanda dziko la kumwera kwa Afghanistan kukucheperachepera kukhala mkangano wankhondo ndi ndale kwa mayiko anayi omwe akuchita nawo - Canada, Britain, US ndi Holland.
Lipoti la Senlis Council
Pa Seputembara 5, 2006, Senlis Council, gulu lodziwika bwino la anthu oganiza bwino lomwe lili ku Britain, lidatulutsa lipoti lathunthu lokhudza kulanda dziko la US/NATO ku Afghanistan. Ikuti, รขโฌลZaka zisanu zakukhalapo kwapadziko lonse mdziko muno pofuna kukulitsa moyo wa anthu aku Afghanistani zalephera kupititsa patsogolo kupezeka ndi chithandizo chaumoyo ndi maphunziro ambiri ku Afghanistan, kupitirira malire a Kabul. .รขโฌ
Lipotilo linapangidwa ndi ofufuza ambiri omwe ali ku Afghanistan ndipo limasonyeza dziko lomwe likukhala ndi tsoka lachitukuko komanso lothandiza anthu.
"Ngakhale malonjezano ochokera kumayiko otsogozedwa ndi US akutsimikizira kuti apereka zothandizira ndi chithandizo chofunikira pakumanganso ndi chitukuko, anthu aku Afghanistan akufa ndi njala. Afghanistan ikupitirizabe kukhala pansi pa zizindikiro zambiri zaumphawi, ndipo mkhalidwe wa amayi ndi ana ndiwowopsa kwambiri. Mmodzi mwa ana anayi obadwa ku Afghanistan sangayembekezere kukhala ndi moyo kupitirira zaka zisanu, ndipo zigawo zina za dzikolo zimanena kuti chiwerengero cha imfa za amayi oyembekezera ndizovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Malinga ndi a Senlis, anthu opitilira 70% a ku Afghanistan ali ndi vuto losowa zakudya m'thupi, pomwe ochepera kotala amapeza madzi abwino akumwa.
Kutayika kwa anthu, kuwonongeka kwa anthu
Bungwe la United Nations Development Programme linanenanso za tsoka lofananalo. Ikuti anthu ambiri aku Afghanistan amakhala ndi moyo zaka 44, osachepera zaka 20 poyerekeza ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo ku Central Asia.
Malinga ndi bungwe la United Nations Human Rights Commission on Refugees, dziko la Afghanistan linali ndi anthu othawa kwawo okwana 2.9 miliyoni mu 2005. Chiwerengerochi chikukulirakulira chifukwa cha ntchito zankhondo zakunja.
Okhalamo amakonda kuloza kudera lozungulira likulu la Kabul ngati umboni wa zomwe akwaniritsa komanso kufuna kwawo. Koma kupita patsogolo kumeneko sikungatheke monga ku likulu la Iraq, Baghdad. Ngalande zotsegula zimadutsa m'misewu. Kubwereketsa nyumba yabwino ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri kwa anthu wamba a ku Afghan, kukakamiza ambiri kukhala m'nyumba zowonongeka komanso zosalongosoka. Anthu okhala ku Kabul amalandira, makamaka, maola anayi amagetsi patsiku.
M'ndende ku Afghanistan akuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zoopsa zomwe zidawonekera m'ndende za Iraq. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Meyi 12 mu Globe ndi Mail, akaidi zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi adadzazidwa m'ndende za 34 ku Afghanistan panthawiyo, kuwonjezeka kakhumi kuchokera ku ziwerengero zomwe zinamangidwa panthawi ya kugwa kwa boma lotsogoleredwa ndi Taliban mu 2001.
รขโฌลPamene makhothi a ku Afghanistan akuchulukirachulukira, chiwerengero cha ndende chikukwera kwambiri. Komabe ndende zikugwa,รข nkhaniyo ikufotokoza motero.
Nkhani ya February 2005 ku UK Guardian Adanenanso za kuzunza kwamtundu wa Abu Ghraib kochitidwa ndi asitikali aku US motsutsana ndi akaidi aku Afghanistan, kuphatikiza kuzunzidwa, kujambula zithunzi za omangidwa, kugwiriridwa komanso kuchitiridwa chipongwe.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, dziko la Canada linalengeza kuti siligwiritsa ntchito Mgwirizano wa Geneva wokhudza kuchitira akaidi ku Afghanistan. Imapereka akaidi kundende zomwe zilipo kale, motero kupangitsa asirikali aku Canada kukhala nawo limodzi pamilandu yankhondo.
Kulephera kumanganso
Canada ndi NATO akulephera kumanganso zomangamanga ndi รขโฌลMagulu Omanganso Zigawo.รขโฌ Malinga ndi a Senlis, รขโฌลPali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ndalama zomwe mayiko akugwiritsa ntchito poteteza chitetezo ku Afghanistan, ndi zomwe akwaniritsa pomanga dzikoโฆ. Ndalama zomwe zimayang'ana pachitetezo izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira 2001, zotsogola za mayiko otsogozedwa ndi US ku Afghanistan sizinali zogwirizana ndi anthu aku Afghanistan. M'malo mwake ... mayiko adziko lonse lapansi ayika patsogolo chitetezo chakuthupi, chokhazikika pankhondo kuposa mpumulo waumphawi wadzaoneni wa anthu aku Afghan ndi kusakhazikika kwachuma.
Guillaume Fournier, woyang'anira dziko la Afghanistan ku Senlis Council, adauza CBC Radio One mu Seputembala, "Cholepheretsa chachikulu pakumanganso ndi kuphulitsidwa kwa mabomba kwa anthu wamba sabata iliyonse."
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa Banki Yadziko Lonse, Afghanistan ikufunika $27.5 biliyoni kuti imangenso malo ake osokonekera komanso akuthupi. Koma malinga ndi Senlis, Afghanistan idalandira $ 7.3 biliyoni yokha pakati pa 2002 ndi 2006, pomwe ndalama zankhondo za NATO zinali $ 82.5 biliyoni panthawiyo.
Nkhani ya Seputembala 23 Canwest News Service, yamutu wakuti รขโฌลKumanganso Masitepe a Ana,รขโฌ idafotokoza zenizeni za ntchito yomanganso ku Canada m'chigawo cha Kandahar. Msilikali wina wa ku Canada ananena kuti zipangizo zikusowa ndipo ntchito yomanganso idakali รขโฌลntchito yomwe ikuchitika.รขโฌ รขโฌลNdilibe mainjiniya amtengo wapatali kuno. Ndilibe asitikali omwe amapita ndi zida ndikumanga zinthu ndikumanga milatho.รข
Seputembara 26 Globe ndi Mail Malipoti ati ambulansi yoperekedwa ndi Canada kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chipatala m'boma la Panjwaii kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Kandahar miyezi inayi yapitayo m'malo mwake ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi am'deralo komanso oyang'anira boma. Madokotala awiri m'chipatala adauza mtolankhaniyo kuti sakufuna kugwira ntchito ndi zipatala zokonzedwa ndi NATO chifukwa chakukwiyira kwa anthu omwe akukhalamo.
Kulephera kofananako kumazungulira kupezeka kwa Britain, malinga ndi Seputembara 9 Economist magazini. Potchula chitsanzo chimodzi, idalemba kuti, รขโฌลAsilikali a Britain ku Helmand (chigawo choyandikana ndi Kandahar), omwe ali ndi $36 miliyoni kuti agwiritse ntchito chaka chino, apanga mlatho wosamvetseka ndi msika ...รขโฌ
Ngati kulephera kwa "kumanganso" ku Afghanistan sikudziwika ku Canada, chifukwa chimodzi ndi kuyesetsa kwamphamvu kwa aboma kuti abise. Nkhani yolemba Geoffrey York mu June 3 Globe ndi Mail adalongosola malamulo a atolankhani omwe amagwira ntchito ku Afghanistan omwe amasankha รขโฌลkuphatikizaรขโฌ ndi magulu ankhondo aku Canada.
รขโฌลZiletsozo zinandichenjeza mwamphamvu kuti ndikhoza kundichotsa mโgulu la asilikali ngati ndithera โnthawi yochulukaโ ndikuchita zinthu zosakhudzana ndi usilikali. Dipatimenti ya National Defense sikufuna kuti atolankhani ophatikizidwa alembe zambiri za othawa kwawo, masukulu, chisamaliro chaumoyo kapena magetsi - zowona zonse za moyo wa anthu aku Afghan.
Warmaking malipenga รขโฌลkumangansoรขโฌ
Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, asitikali aku Canada okwana 2,300 ku Kandahar adayambitsa ziwopsezo zazikulu m'boma la Panjwaii, zomwe zidatchedwa "Operation Medusa" mothandizidwa ndi asitikali aku US komanso ndege. Anthu okhalamo anachenjezedwa pasadakhale zachipongwecho kuti asiye nyumba zawo ndi midzi yawo.
Kumenyedwako kunanenedwa kukhala kopambana kwambiri masabata angapo pambuyo pake. รขโฌลAdani oposa chikwi chimodziรขโฌ akuti aphedwa. Koma atolankhani adawona magulu ochepa a omenyera nkhondo.
Akuluakulu aku Canada ndi NATO adavomereza kuti omenyera nkhondo adathawa mwadongosolo ndipo adapempha kuti asitikali achuluke mderali. Canada idatumiza mwachangu asitikali ena mazana angapo, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba ikhala ikutumiza akasinja. Kuukira koopsa kwa magulu ankhondo aku Canada ndi ena a NATO kudayambiranso m'masiku ochepa "chipambano".
Pakadali pano, anthu pafupifupi 20,000 adasowa pokhala nyumba, midzi ndi mbewu zawo zitawonongeka pankhondoyi. Zima zikuyandikira ndipo akukumana ndi tsogolo losadziwika bwino.
Seputembara 11 Globe ndi Mail lipoti la kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chida cha mankhwala white phosphorous pa nthawi ya รขโฌลOperation Medusa.รขโฌ Chida choletsedwachi tsopano chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi motsutsana ndi omenyana ndi Afghanistani ndi kuwononga minda yaulimi. Mankhwalawa amawotcha kwambiri mnofu wa munthu ukakhudza.
Kukulitsa kukana
Akuluakulu a US / NATO ati akudabwa ndi kukula ndi kupambana kwa kukana zolakwa zawo zaposachedwa. รขโฌลNkhondo ndi yoopsa modabwitsa,รขโฌ adatero mkulu wa asilikali a Britain ku Afghanistan. รขโฌลKuopsa ndi kuopsa kwa nkhondoyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa ku Iraq.รขโฌ
Koma zifukwa zokulirakulira kukana sizovuta kuzimvetsa. Lipoti la Senlis linati:
รขโฌลPazaka zisanu zapitazi, pakhala pali zina zomwe zapambana ku Afghanistanโฆ. Komabe zowoneka bwinozi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamikiridwa Kumadzulo, zimabisa [boma la Afghanistan] kusowa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha komanso kusowa kwamphamvu kwa boma la Afghanistan kwa anthu a Afghanistan.
Boma la zidole la Afghanistan ndi apolisi ake ndi asitikali akunyansidwa kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri chifukwa cha katangale komanso nkhanza zawo. Kubera ndi kuwononga mwachisawawa kochitidwa ndi magulu ankhondo akunja ndi zidole kumachitika pafupipafupi pambuyo pankhondo zawo.
Pa Meyi 29, zipolowe zodziwika zidachitika m'misewu ya Kabul kutsatira winanso pamzere wautali wakufa kwa anthu wamba chifukwa choyendetsa mosasamala za gulu lankhondo la US. Anthu ochita zionetsero adapita ku nyumba ya pulezidenti akuimba รขโฌลImfa ku America. Chionetserocho chinaponderezedwa mwankhanza, ndi Agence France-Presse lipoti anthu osachepera 14 aphedwa.
Asilikali aku Canada apha anthu wamba, kuphatikiza ana, panthawi yolondera ku Kandahar. Anthu wamba ambiri adaphedwa panthawi ya รขโฌลOperation Medusaรขโฌ yokhetsa magazi posachedwa.
"Kwa zaka 30, takhala ndi vuto ili," Abdul Zahir adauza a Globe ndi Mail mtolankhani mu June akusamalira achibale atatu ovulala pachipatala chodzaza ndi anthu ku Kandahar. รขโฌลAsilikali akunja amabwera kuno kudzayambitsa ndewu.รขโฌ
Chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa anthu aku Afghanistan ndi choyipa kwambiri moti ngakhale pulezidenti wa zidole Hamid Karzai adalankhulapo. Chakumapeto kwa June, panthawi ya nkhondo ya US / Canada / NATO kumwera kwa Afghanistan, adanena kuti, "Sizovomerezeka kuti pankhondo zonsezi, Afghans akufa. M'masabata atatu kapena anayi otsiriza, 500 mpaka 600 Afghan anaphedwa.รขโฌ
Pulogalamu yothetsa poppy yotsatiridwa ndi magulu a anthu ogwira ntchito ndi chifukwa chinanso chachikulu chakukula kwa kusagwirizana ndipo akutsutsidwa kwambiri ndi Senlis Council. Alimi salandira chithandizo china pamene minda yawo ya poppy yawonongeka.
Thandizo la kuchepa kwa ntchito m'nyumba
Boma la Canada likusiya thandizo kunyumba chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kunja, malinga ndi zisankho zaposachedwa. Kafukufuku wa EKOS /Toronto Star Kafukufuku wapakati pa Seputembala akuwonetsa 48 peresenti yotsutsana ndi gawo la Canada pankhondo yaku Afghanistan ndipo 38 peresenti yokha amakondera.
Oyimira utsogoleri wa chipani chotsutsa cha Liberal Party akumva kutentha kwakusintha maganizo a anthu. Ambiri tsopano akunena kuti amatsutsa ntchito zonyansa za Canada ku Kandahar. (Chipanicho chinayambitsa kuukira kwa Kandahar chaka chatha chidakali m'boma.)
Lipoti lalikulu la malamulo akunja a Senate ya Canada lomwe linaperekedwa pa October 5 likutsutsa kusowa kwa "ntchito zomanganso" ku Afghanistan. รขโฌลNgati sitilandira thandizo mรขโฌTMmenemo, ndiye kuti sitipambana pankhondo,รขโฌ adatero wapampando wa komiti yomwe idatulutsa lipotilo.
Nthumwi za msonkhano wa NDP zivotera รขโฌลasilikali atulukeรขโฌ
Chizindikiro china chakukula kwa malingaliro odana ndi nkhondo chinali voti ya nthumwi pamsonkhano wadziko lonse wa New Democratic Party koyambirira kwa Seputembala kuti azipempha kuti asitikali aku Canada achoke ku Afghanistan. Chigamulochi chimafuna "kuchotsedwa kwa asilikali a Canada ku Afghanistan motetezeka komanso mwamsanga."
Votiyi idapambana kwambiri kwa asitikali odana ndi nkhondo ndipo ithandiza kukulitsa thandizo la ziwonetsero zolimbana ndi nkhondo.
Tsoka ilo, chigamulochi chimaperekanso zifukwa zopitirizira kulowererapo kwa asitikali aku Canada m'maiko osauka komanso osatukuka, kuphatikiza Afghanistan, polimbikitsa zomwe amachitcha "kumanga mtendere." kukhazikitsa mtendere mโdzikolo kuti ntchito zomanganso ndi ulamuliro wabwino zitheke.รข
"Kumanga mtendere wa demokalase" ndi chilankhulidwe chopitilira kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu aku Afghanistan. Chilankhulo chomwechi chidakhala cholungamitsa kuwukira kwa Haiti mu 2004 ndikugwetsa boma lake lodziwika ndi Canada, US ndi France.
Atsogoleri a NDP atalikirana ndi gawo la "asilikali" lachigamulocho. Mtsogoleri wachipani Jack Layton adauza nkhani za CBC Radio pa Seputembara 24 kuti akufuna kupitilizabe kunkhondo ku Canada ku Afghanistan. Anati akufuna kutha kwa nkhondo zomwe zikuchitika ku Kandahar koma kupitiliza "kumanga mtendere."
Wotsutsa zakunja kwa chipanicho ku Nyumba Yamalamulo, a Alexa McDonough, adalemba nyuzipepala pa Seputembara 17 yomwe idadzudzula kuukira kotsogozedwa ndi Canada ku Kandahar koma sananenepo za kuchotsedwa kwa asitikali aku Canada, kaya Kandahar kapena kwina kulikonse ku Afghanistan.
Canada kuchokera ku Afghanistan
Boma la Canada ndi ogwirizana nawo a NATO sanachitire chilichonse kwa Afghans. Akupanga boma losavomerezeka komanso losavomerezeka lomwe lilibe chithandizo chodziwika bwino, lapha anthu masauzande ambiri aku Afghan, ndikuwononga zida zofunikira komanso kupanga chakudya.
Nkhani mu October 3 Globe ndi Mail Wolemba mtolankhani waku US Sarah Chayes adatsimikiza za vuto la magulu ankhondo. Adalongosola boma la Afghanistan la Harmid Karzai ngati, รขโฌลboma lowonongedwa ndi ziphuphu.
Chayes alibe njira yothetsera vutoli chifukwa amateteza mosasunthika kukhalapo kwa Canada ndi NATO ku Afghanistan, ndipo magulu amenewo amathandizira ndikuteteza boma lomwe amatsutsa mwankhanza.
Ogwira ntchito akudana kwambiri ndi zofuna za anthu osauka komanso azachuma ku Afghanistan. Ali ku Afghanistan kuti alimbikitse malonda a mapaipi omwe adzapereke mafuta kuchokera ku Central Asia kupita ku madoko ndikupeza mabiliyoni a madola phindu kwa makampani amafuta aku Canada ndi akunja. Akusintha dziko la Afghanistan kukhala malo ankhondo kuti aukire magulu okonda dziko lawo ku Asia konse ndi Middle East ndikukakamiza ndikuwopseza China ndi Iran.
October 28 tsiku la antiwar action
Tsiku lotsutsana ndi nkhondo ku Canada laitanidwa ndi Canada Peace Alliance pa October 28. Kuyitanako kumathandizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mabungwe andale, chikhalidwe, ophunzira ndi achipembedzo, kuphatikizapo Canada Labor Congress, malonda ambiri am'deralo ndi madera. mabungwe, ndi Canadian Islamic Congress.
Anthu ochokera kudera lonse la Canada adzabwera m'misewu tsiku limenelo kudzapempha kuti asitikali aku Canada achoke ku Afghanistan.
Pochita izi, tidzakhala tikugwirizana ndi omwe ali ku Afghanistan omwe akutsutsa kulandidwa ndi kuwonongedwa kwa dziko lawo komanso omwe akufuna boma la demokalase ndi mapulogalamu abwino opititsa patsogolo moyo wawo ndikumanganso dziko losweka.
Zionetserozi zidzalimbitsa kulimbana kwa chilungamo ndi mtendere kunyumba, kuphatikizapo nkhondo yothetsa mabala akuluakulu a mapulogalamu a chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe alengeza posachedwapa ndi boma la Conservative Party ndi ndondomeko zothetsa kuzunzidwa kwa ufulu wa demokalase zomwe zinayambitsa kuzunzidwa kwa Maher Arar. ndi kumangidwa kosatha kwa akaidi a ndale.
Kuti mumve zambiri pa Okutobala 28 tsiku la zionetsero, pitani patsamba la Canada Peace Alliance pa: www.acp-cpa.ca/en/index.html.
Lipoti la Senlis Council lomwe latchulidwa m'nkhaniyi likupezeka pa intaneti http://www.senliscouncil.net/modules/publications/014_publication/
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama