Pa February 6, a New York Times "Boma la China lidapereka dongosolo lomwe lakhala likuyembekezeredwa Lachiwiri kuti achepetse kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka, ndikulonjeza kuti akweza ndalama za ogwira ntchito ndi alimi ndikuletsa chuma chakatangale koma ndi zolinga zochepa chabe zolepheretsa kusalingana kwadziko lonse. .” Pa tsiku lomwelo, a Financial Times lipoti patsamba loyamba la magazini yake yosindikiza, “China yaulula ndondomeko yochepetsera kusiyana pakati pa olemera ndi osauka m’dzikolo, ncholinga chofuna kuchotsa anthu 80 miliyoni mu umphawi pofika chaka cha 2015. Boma lalonjeza kuti likweza malipiro ochepera kufika pa 40 pa munthu aliyense. kuchuluka kwa malipiro, kukulitsa ndalama zogulira maphunziro ndi nyumba za anthu, komanso kukakamiza makampani aboma kupereka ndalama zambiri kwa anthu. ”
The New York Times nkhani sinanene za malipiro ochepa.
Ndikudabwa chomwe chikuchitika apa?
The TimesMalinga ndi zomwe boma la China likuchita pakusafanana kwa ndalama, dziko la China "ndilokwera pang'ono kuposa kusalingana ku United States, pomwe kusiyana kwa ndalama ndi chimodzi mwa mayiko otsogola kwambiri."
Ntchentche yomwe ili pakhoma pafupi ndi desiki yolembera ku New York mwina ikhoza kuzindikira chifukwa chomwe chiwonjezero chochepera 40 peresenti sichinafotokozedwe. Sikuti ndizosafunika. Pali mamiliyoni pa mamiliyoni a ogwira ntchito otsika ku China ndipo miyoyo yawo ingatukuke kwambiri ngati akanalipidwa pang'ono.
Zomwe zikuchitika ku China zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'mayiko angapo pomwe ngakhale kuti chuma chikuyenda bwino, kusalingana kukukulirakulirabe, ndipo pomwe opanga mfundo asankha kuti njira imodzi (osati njira yokhayo) yochitira zinthu pang'ono ndikukhazikitsa malamulo. kukwera kwa malipiro ochepa.
Pa February 7, Zwelinzima Vavi, mlembi wamkulu wa Congress of South African Trade Unions, adauza msonkhano wamagulu a migodi, "Muyenera kupitiriza kumenyera malipiro abwino. Koma nthawi yomweyo ndikufuna kukupemphani kuti mulowe nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi umphawi kudzera m'malipiro abwino kwa ogwira ntchito onse. Malipiro ochepa sathandiza chuma. Monga momwe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zakudya amasonyezera, ogwira ntchito omwe amalipidwa malipiro a njala sagula. Ndipo ngati mamiliyoni a antchito alibe mphamvu zogulira, ndiye kuti zokolola zimakhala zovuta. Ngati kupanga kulephera, ndiye kuti ntchito sizimapangidwa. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu zonse monga Federation kukopa boma lathu kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa ndondomeko ya malipiro ndikofunikira. Tili ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chotengera ku Brazil, komwe kukwezedwa kwakukulu kwa malipiro ochepa kwadzetsa ntchito.
"Dziko lino tsopano lili pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha kusalingana kwakukulu," Nation mkonzi wa magazini, Katrina vanden Heuvel, analemba pafupifupi chaka chapitacho. "Mu 2010, ziwerengero za chaka chatha zidapezeka, 1 peresenti yolemera kwambiri idapeza 93 peresenti ya kuchuluka kwa ndalama, pomwe aku America ambiri adatsalira. Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi kusalingana kwamtunduwu ndikutsitsa pamwamba - kudzera mukusintha kwamisonkho kopitilira muyeso ndikuchepetsa njira zolipirira zokhota za ma CEO ndi mabanki akulu. Chinanso ndi kukweza pansi, popatsa mphamvu ogwira ntchito kuti apeze gawo loyenera la zokolola zomwe zikukwera komanso phindu lomwe amathandizira kupanga. Njira imodzi yochitira izi ndikukweza pansi pansi pa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri. ”
M'mawu ake a February 13 State of the Union, Purezidenti Barak Obama adati, "Tikudziwa kuti chuma chathu chimakhala cholimba tikamapereka malipiro achilungamo pantchito yatsiku lonse. Koma lero, wogwira ntchito wanthawi zonse yemwe amapeza malipiro ochepa amalandira $14,500 pachaka. Ngakhale ndi mpumulo wa msonkho womwe takhazikitsa, banja lomwe lili ndi ana awiri omwe amapeza malipiro ochepa akukhalabe pansi pa umphawi. Ndiko kulakwitsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, kuyambira pomwe bungwe la Congress lidakweza malipiro ochepa, mayiko khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi asankha kukweza ndalama zawo mokulirapo. "
"Masiku ano, tiyeni tinene kuti m'dziko lolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, palibe amene amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ayenera kukhala paumphawi, ndi kukweza malipiro a boma kufika $9.00 pa ola."
Zikanakhala bwino a Obama akadakhalabe ndi lingaliro lake loyambirira la malipiro ochepera a $ 9.50, omwe adapangidwa pomwe amathamangirabe Purezidenti. Kapena, bwinobe, monga momwe Ralph Nader wanenera, chiwerengero cha $ 10 chomwe chikanakhala chosavuta kugulitsa kwa anthu ndipo sichikhozanso kukhumudwitsa Chamber of Commerce ndi National Restaurant Association. Kuphatikiza apo, katswiri wazachuma Jeanette Wicks-Lim akupanga nkhani yabwino m'magaziniyi Madola ndi Sense kuti malipiro ochepa atha kuwonjezeka 70 peresenti kufika pa $ 12.30 / ora, popanda zotsatirapo zoipa, ndi kupindula mamiliyoni a antchito ndi madera awo.
Tikhala tikumva zowopsa ngati malipiro ochepa awonjezeka. Padzakhala zonena kuti mabizinesi adzakhala pachiwopsezo, bizinesi idzalephereka, ntchito zidzatha. Padzakhalanso zonena za ena kuti mwayi wopeza ntchito kwa achinyamata ochepa udzachepetsedwa, opangidwa ndi anthu omwe mwadzidzidzi agwidwa ndi chilakolako cha moyo wawo - izi ndi anthu omwewo omwe adayesapo kugulitsa malingaliro opusa akuti anthu aku Africa America alibe. amakhudzidwa ndi Social Security. (Nthawi zonse ndimawauza kuti: ndikadayesa kugulitsa lingalirolo kwa agogo anga akananditumiza pabwalo kuti ndikagule. Yesani kuuza ana akuda ndi abulauni a Burger King kuti kukwera kwa malipiro ocheperako kunapambana. 'Kusintha miyoyo yawo ndi ya madera awo ndipo mwina mungatengenso zomwezo.)
monga New York Times adanenanso sabata ino, amayi akuyimira oposa theka la anthu pafupifupi 18 miliyoni omwe amalandira malipiro ochepa kapena pafupi ndi malipiro ochepa ndipo Hispanics amapanga 25 peresenti.
"Chifukwa chake, ngakhale tikhala kuti mikangano yonse yakale komanso zotsutsana zikuthetsedwanso, ndikulimbikitsa anthu kuti akumbukire: kusanthula mbiri yakale kukuwonetsa kuti kukweza malipiro ocheperako kuli ndi cholinga chokweza malipiro a ogwira ntchito ochepa. amene amafunikira kukwezedwa ndalama popanda kuwononga chiyembekezo chawo cha ntchito,” analemba motero katswiri wa zachuma Jared Bernstein. "Sizidzasintha msika wogwira ntchito kapena kumanganso anthu apakatikati, koma ndikofunikira ngati gawo laling'ono lolumikizana lomwe linkamanga ngakhale antchito athu otsika kwambiri kuti apindule kwambiri zomwe zawalepheretsa kwazaka zambiri."
“Mwachionekere, m’zachuma mmene kwa zaka zambiri chiwonjezeko sichinafikire antchito athu otsika kwambiri, yafika nthaŵi yoti tikweze malipiro ake kuti titsimikizire kuti antchito olipidwa amalandira malipiro abwino,” analemba motero Bernstein. "Kukweza malipiro ochepa kwambiri kumapindulitsa akuluakulu, makamaka amayi ogwira ntchito: Pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito omwe amapindula ndi malipiro ochepa kwambiri ndi amayi, ndipo ochepa ndi achinyamata - osakwana 20 peresenti."
Malinga ndi zomwe a White House atulutsa, akutero Bernstein, "kukweza malipiro ochepa kumathandiza makolo." Wantchito wamba yemwe angapindule ndi kukwera kwa malipiro ochepa kufika pa $9 pa ola adabweretsa kunyumba 46 peresenti ya malipiro onse a banja lake ndi malipiro ake mu 2011.
Ndiyeno, palinso mkangano wina wokhudza kukweza malipiro ochepa, funso lomwe liri pamtima pamikangano yambiri yamasiku ano yokhudza chuma: chomwe chili chabwino kwa dziko ndi chiyani?
“Ngakhale olemera kwambiri sangapitirizebe kuchita bwino popanda kutukuka kowonjezereka,” katswiri wa zachuma Robert Reich analemba pa February 8. “Ndichifukwa chakuti 70 peresenti ya ntchito zachuma ku America ndi kuwononga ndalama kwa ogula. Pamene anthu ambiri aku America akukhala osauka, satha kuwononga ndalama. Popanda ndalama zawo, chuma sichingachoke pa zida zoyambirira. Ndicho chifukwa chachikulu kuchira kukupitirizabe kuchepa kwa magazi. "
Reich analemba kuti: “Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a ntchito zonse ku America tsopano zikupereka malipiro ochepera pa umphaŵi wa banja la ana anayi. "Bungwe la Labor Statistics likuyerekeza kuti m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, ntchito zisanu ndi ziwiri mwa khumi za kukula zidzakhala malipiro otsika - monga kutumikira makasitomala ogulitsa mabokosi akuluakulu ndi unyolo wachakudya chofulumira."
"Pakali pano, ndani adzagula katundu ndi ntchito zonse zomwe America ingathe kupanga? Sitingabwererenso ku mtundu wa kubweza ngongole zomwe zidayambitsa vutolo poyambirira. ”
Monga Purezidenti wa Economic Policy Institute, Lawrence Mishel adanenera, "Kuthandizira kwa Purezidenti kuti alandire malipiro ochepa kwambiri ndikutsegulira kolandirika ku zokambirana zomwe zikufunika kuti malipiro akulenso, atatha zaka khumi zapitazi pakati pa koleji ndi kusekondale. omaliza maphunziro. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kudzapindulitsa antchito 21 miliyoni ndi kuonjezera malipiro ndi madola 22 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2015. Izi sizidzangowonjezera malipiro komanso zingathandize kuti ntchito ziwonjezeke powonjezera ndalama zomwe ogwira ntchito olandira malipiro ochepa amawononga.
Pa February 14, a Los Angeles Times inafotokoza ndemanga za wamalonda. Selwyn Yosslowitz, woyambitsa nawo malo odyera ku California a Marmalade Cafe, omwe ali ndi antchito 600 m'malo 10, omwe adati inali nthawi yoyipa kukweza mtengowo. Adauza nyuzipepalayo kuti "akumva kale kuti akusokonekera chifukwa chokwera mtengo chifukwa chakusintha kwachipatala kwa Obama." Anapitiriza kunena kuti ngati zochepa zidzakwezedwa "akhoza kubwereza zomwe anachita mu 2007 pamene malipiro ochepa a California adakwera mpaka $ 8 pa ola, Mukuwonjezera mitengo yanu ya menyu ndikuchepetsa maola," adatero. “Anthu amene amabwera nthaŵi zonse 9 koloko m’maŵa, mumayesa kuwachititsa kuti aloŵe 9:30 ndi kusunga theka la ola. Tinasiyanso kulemba anthu ntchito. Simungakhalebe mubizinesi ngati simutero.
Nkhaniyi idanenanso ndemanga ya m'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito ku Marmalade, Alejandro Serbin wazaka 32 yemwe amalandila malipiro ochepera $8 ku California, kuphatikiza $35 patsiku pamalangizo omwe adagawana. Serbin akuti kukweza kwa dola kungathandize. “Zili zosiyana kwambiri kwa ine, chifukwa ndili ndi banja limene ndiyenera kulisamalira. Renti ndiyokwera. Ndiyenera kulipira mabilu, inshuwaransi." Serbin ndi mkazi wake, adati lipotilo, yemwe amagwira ntchito yophika, ali ndi mwana wazaka 3 ndipo amalipira pafupifupi $ 1,000 pamwezi rendi, sizodabwitsa ku Los Angeles. Iye adati ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito ochepa omwe amadziwa amakhala ndi ntchito ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Koma pali zambiri ku nkhani ya Marmalade.
Monga lamulo, mabwana ali ndi chilimbikitso chogwira ntchito kwa antchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi malipiro ochepa momwe angathere. Izi zakhala zowona makamaka kumakampani omwe amalumikizana ndi mabungwe azibizinesi, popeza mabizinesi omwe amalipira malipiro ochepa akuchulukirachulukira.
Mu 2006, Marmalade Cafe & Catering idagulitsa gawo lalikulu pakampani yake yabizinesi. "Inali njira yabwino yolumikizirana ndi munthu yemwe angatithandizire bizinesi yathu ndikupereka ndalama," Yosslowitz adauza Los Angeles Times. Pepalalo linanena panthawiyo kuti, "Kum'mwera kwa California kuli makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe akukula mwachangu, ndipo makampani abizinesi akuzindikira. Makampani opanga ndalamawa amasonkhanitsa ndalama kuchokera ku mabungwe ndi anthu olemera ndikuzipanga kukhala makampani odalirika omwe angathe kubweza ndalama zambiri. "
Kodi mumapereka bwanji zobweza "zambiri"? Njira imodzi ndiyo kuchepetsa maola ogwira ntchito ndi kulemba malipiro ochepa.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti sizikudziwikiratu ngati anthu omwe amadikirira matebulo ku Marmalade apezanso malipiro monga momwe Purezidenti akufunira. Malipiro ochepera a Federal a "ogwira ntchito" ndi $2.13.
Reps. Donna Edwards (D-Md) ndi Rosa DeLauro (D-Conn) akukonzekera kufotokozera ndalamazo ku Nyumba ya Malamulo zomwe zingawonjezere malipiro ochepa kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amapatsidwa ndalama zokwana madola 5.50 pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Edwards, yemwe kale anali woperekera zakudya m'malesitilanti, adachita msonkhano wa atolankhani pa February 14 pomwe adati, "Ndikudziwa kuti ndikamadikirira matebulo, sindinangopanga chifukwa ndimafunikira kusintha kwina. Ndidachita izi chifukwa ndimayenera kulipira lendi, ndidatero chifukwa ndimayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ndili ndi chakudya mufiriji, ndidachita izi chifukwa ndimafunikira mayendedwe obwerera kusukulu."
Zinali zolakwa, iye anati, “kulephera kudziŵa kuyambira usiku umodzi kupita ku wotsatira kuti ndipanga ndalama zingati chifukwa ndinkadalira malangizo.”
Zidzanenedwa kuti zomwe Purezidenti akufuna sizikwanira. Alembi ena afotokoza momveka bwino mfundo imeneyi. Zoona mokwanira. Koma a House of Representatives sangavomereze kuonjezedwa kulikonse kwa malipiro ochepa ndipo amisala a Republican ku Senate atha kungowonetsa malingaliro aliwonse okhudza izi. "Yakwana nthawi yokakamiza nkhaniyi," adatero Vanden Heuvel Meyi watha. “Ovota awone pomwe aphungu awo aima. Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuyitanitsa woyimira malamulo aliyense kuti alowe nawo m'chikalata chochotsa ndalamazo zikangoperekedwa. Tawonapo yemwe amathandizira kuchepetsa msonkho kwa olemera ndi madola mabiliyoni akuthandizira mafuta akuluakulu. Tiyeni tiwone amene amathandizira kukweza malipiro ochepa kuti wantchito wanthawi zonse athe kuchotsa banja lake muumphawi.”
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