Chitsime: Consortium News
M'mawa pa Feb. 27, Beth Sanner, wachiwiri kwa director of the national intelligence for mission integration, anafika ku White House atanyamula chikalata cha Presidential Daily Brief (PDB), chikalata chomwe, mwanjira ina, chinaperekedwa kwa pulezidenti aliyense wa United States kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Harry Truman adalandira koyamba chomwe chimadziwika kuti "Daily Summary" mu February 1946.
Kukhudzika kwa PDB sikungatsutse; Mlembi wakale wa White House Press Ari Fleischer adayimbapo nthawi ina PBD "chikalata chodziwika bwino kwambiri m'boma," pomwe Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Dick Cheney adachitcha "miyala yabanja."
Zomwe zili mu PDB sizimagawidwa kawirikawiri ndi anthu, osati chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha chidziwitso chomwe chili nacho, komanso chifukwa cha chiyanjano chomwe chimawulula za ubale pakati pa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa dzikoli ndi gulu lanzeru.
"Ndikofunikira kuti olemba chidule cha pulezidenti tsiku ndi tsiku akhale omasuka kuti zolembazo sizikhala zandale komanso / kapena kuwululidwa mosayenera kuti ziwonedwe ndi anthu," adatero. Purezidenti wakale George W. Bush adawona atachoka paudindo wake, akuwonetsa kuwunika kopanda tanthauzo komwe kunaperekedwa ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti yemwe adachenjeza kuti kutulutsidwa kwa PDB pagulu kungapangitse olemba ake "kupatula nthawi yodandaula kuti lipotilo liwoneka bwanji patsamba loyamba la The Washington Post."
Ntchito ya Sanner inali yofanana kwa iwo omwe adagwira ntchitoyi motsogozedwa ndi apurezidenti am'mbuyomu: pezani njira yolumikizirana ndi wandale yemwe chibadwa chake chachibadwa sichingatsatire kuzinthu zotopetsa, komanso zotsutsana zomwe zili muzanzeru zambiri. Izi zinali zowona makamaka kwa a Donald J. Trump, yemwe akuti amanyansidwa ndi malipoti olembedwa mwatsatanetsatane, m'malo mwake mawu achidule apakamwa omwe amathandizidwa ndi zithunzi.
Zotsatira zake zinali ndondomeko ya magawo awiri, pomwe Sanner amafuna kuti afotokozere pulezidenti pakamwa zinthu zovuta, kusiya ntchito yosankha zomwe zalembedwa kwa alangizi ake akuluakulu. Njirayi idavomerezedwa kale ndi director of national intelligence, mkulu wa CIA ndi mlangizi wa chitetezo cha pulezidenti.
Sanner, katswiri wakale wa CIA yemwe adatsogolera ofesi yokonzekera PDB, adakhala ngati mlangizi wamkulu wa DNI "pambali zonse zanzeru," yomwe ili ndi udindo wopanga "malingaliro osasinthika anzeru kuyambira pakusonkhanitsa mpaka kusanthula" ndikuwonetsetsa "kuperekedwa kwanzeru zapanthawi yake, zolinga, zolondola, komanso zoyenera."
Ngati panali aliyense m'gulu la anzeru omwe amatha kusanja tirigu kuchokera ku mankhusu akafika pazidziwitso zomwe zimayenera kufotokozera Purezidenti, anali Sanner.
Palibe kope la PDB la Feb. 27 lomwe laperekedwa kwa anthu kuti liwunikenso, komanso silingachitike.
Komabe, kutengera zambiri zomwe zapezedwa kuchokera ku malipoti atolankhani omwe amachokera ku kutulutsa kosadziwika, chithunzi chikuwonekera chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili m'chikalatacho, mwambi wakuti "ziro" pamavuto omwe akukumana nawo omwe akuti Russia yapereka ndalama kwa anthu. ogwirizana ndi a Taliban ndi cholinga chopha asitikali aku America ndi amgwirizano ku Afghanistan.
Maulalo Pakati pa Akaunti
Nthawi ina koyambirira kwa Januware 2020 gulu lankhondo lapadera la US ndi ma commandos a Afghan National Intelligence Service (NDS) adalowa m'maofesi a mabizinesi angapo kumpoto kwa Konduz ndi likulu la Afghanistan ku Kabul, malinga ndi a lipoti in The New York Times. Amalondawa anali nawo mchitidwe wakale wa "Chihawai.โ Ndi njira yachikhalidwe yosamutsira ndalama mu zikhalidwe zachisilamu, zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa wothandizira yemwe amauza mnzake wakutali kuti alipire wolandila womaliza.
Akuluakulu a chitetezo ku Afghanistan kunena kuti kuukiraku kunalibe kanthu kochita ndi "anthu aku Russia akuzembetsa ndalama," koma kunali kuyankha kukakamizidwa ndi boma. Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Zachuma (FATF), bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1989 lomwe cholinga chake ndi, mwa zina, kukhazikitsa miyezo ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa koyenera kwa malamulo, zowongolera ndi ntchito zothana ndi kuba ndalama ndi ndalama zachigawenga.
"Ngati panali aliyense m'gulu lazanzeru yemwe amatha kusanja tirigu ndi mankhusu akafika pazidziwitso zomwe zimayenera kufotokozera Purezidenti, anali Sanner."
Kufotokozera uku, komabe, kumawoneka ngati nkhani yachikuto kuposa zenizeni, ngati popanda chifukwa china koma FATF, mu June 2017, kuzindikiridwa mwalamulo kuti Afghanistan idakhazikitsa "njira zamalamulo ndi zowongolera kuti ikwaniritse zomwe idalonjeza mundondomeko yake," ndikuzindikira kuti Afghanistan "choncho sichiyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa ndi FATF."
Kuukira kophatikizana kwa US-Afghan, malinga ndi a Times, sikunali kuchotsa dongosolo la Halawa ku Afghanistanโntchito yosathekaโkoma mโmalo mwake netiweki inayake ya Halawa yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi Rahmatullah Azizi, wozembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo wa ku Afghanistan yemwe wadziwika kuti ndi wapamwamba, limodzi ndi mnzake wina dzina lake Habib Muradi.
Mbiri ya Azizi imanenedwa ndi a Times, kutchula "bwenzi," kuphatikizapo kugwira ntchito monga kontrakitala wa ntchito zomanganso za US, kuyang'anira malonda osadziwika bwino ku Russia, omwe akuganiza kuti, malinga ndi magwero a intelligence a US omwe sanatchulidwe. Times, anaphatikizanso misonkhano ya maso ndi maso ndi maofesala a Russian Military Intelligence (GRU), ndikugwira ntchito ngati wonyamula katundu pa chiwembu chobisa ndalama pakati pa a Taliban ndi Russia.
Anthu pafupifupi 13, kuphatikizapo achibale a Azizi komanso anzake apamtima, anagwidwa pa zigawengazo. Azizi ndi Muradi, komabe, adathawa kugwidwa, zomwe amakhulupirira kuti akuluakulu a chitetezo ku Afghanistan athawira ku Russia.
Malinga ndi mbali yaikulu ya chidziลตitso chochokera mโkufunsidwa mafunso kwa akaidiwo pambuyo pake, akatswiri azamantha a ku U.S. anaphatikiza pamodzi chithunzi cha bizinesi ya Azizi ya Halawaโakufotokozedwa ngati "Zosanjikizana komanso zovuta", ndikutumiza ndalama "nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa pang'onopang'ono zomwe zidadutsa m'maiko angapo asanafike ku Afghanistan."
Zomwe zidapangitsa kuti malondawa akhale osangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera kumalingaliro anzeru, ndi maulalo omwe akatswiri a ku United States adapangana pakati pa Halawa system ya Azizi, waya wamagetsi, akaunti yolumikizidwa ndi a Taliban, ndi akaunti yaku Russia yomwe. ena anakhulupirira adamangirizidwa ku Unit 29155 (ntchito yobisika ya GRU yomwe imakhulupirira kuti ikuchita nawo, pakati pa zochitika zina, kupha anthu). Zochitazo zidatengedwa ndi National Security Agency (NSA), bungwe la intelligence la US lomwe limayang'anira mauthenga ndi mauthenga apakompyuta padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupeza ndalama zokwana madola 500,000 ndi antchito apadera a ku United States pa nyumba yapamwamba ya Azizi ku Kabul kunali kochititsa chidwi kwambiriโchimene chinali โkadonthoโ komaliza pamasewera ovuta komanso ovuta kwambiri okhudza โkugwirizanitsa madonthoโ amene gulu la intelligence la ku United States linafufuza za kafukufukuyu. akuti Russian (GRU)-Taliban-Azizi kugwirizana.
Ntchito yotsatira ya akatswiri a intelligence a ku United States inali kuona kumene kugwirizana kwa Russian (GRU)-Taliban-Azizi kunawatengera. Pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zomwe adapeza pokambirana ndi akaidiwo, ofufuzawo adagawa ndalama zomwe Azizi adalandira kudzera mupaipi yake ya Halawa kukhala "mapaketi," ena okhala ndi madola masauzande ambiri, omwe adaperekedwa ku mabungwe omwe ali m'gulu la Taliban, kapena omwe amamvera chisoni.
Malinga ndi akuluakulu a chitetezo ku Afghanistan omwe atchulidwa ndi Times, zina mwazolipirazi zinali zongofuna kupha asitikali aku America, zomwe zimafika pamtengo pafupifupi $100,000 ku America aliyense wakufa.
Masewera a "kulumikiza madontho" adapitilira pomwe akatswiri azamisala aku US adalumikiza ndalama "zabwino" izi ndi maukonde a zigawenga m'chigawo cha Parwan, komwe kuli Bagram Air Base - gulu lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo la US ku Afghanistan. Malinga ndi akuluakulu a chitetezo ku Afghanistan, magulu a zigawenga am'deralo adachitapo zigawenga m'malo mwa a Taliban m'mbuyomu kuti alandire ndalama. Kulumikizana kumeneku kudapangitsa akatswiri azanzeru aku US kuti ayang'anenso za bomba la pagalimoto la Epulo 9, 2019 kunja kwa Bagram Air Base lomwe linapha Asitikali atatu aku US.
Chidziwitso ichi chinali mu PDB yomwe inaperekedwa kwa Trump pa Feb. 27. Malingana ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika, ikanatsimikiziridwa ndi mabungwe osachepera atatu a intelligence-CIA, National Counterterrorism Center (NCC), ndi NSA. Onse a CIA ndi NCC adawunika zomwe apeza kuti GRU idapereka zabwino kwa a Taliban "ndi chidaliro chochepa," amene mu lexicon yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi intelligence community means kuti chidziลตitsocho chimatanthauziridwa mโnjira zosiyanasiyana, kuti pali malingaliro ena, kapena kuti chidziลตitsocho nโchodalirika ndi chomveka koma chosatsimikizirika mokwanira kuti chikhale ndi chidaliro chapamwamba.
NSA, komabe, idawunika chidziwitsocho ndi "chidaliro chochepa," kutanthauza kuti amawona kuti chidziwitsocho ndi chochepa, chokayikitsa, kapena chogawanika kwambiri, kuti kunali kovuta kupanga malingaliro okhwima, komanso kuti panali nkhawa kapena mavuto ndi magwero. za chidziwitso chogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuyandama mu Mbale
Zonse izi zidali mu PDB yotengedwa ku White House ndi Sanner. Vuto la Sanner linali nkhani komanso kufunikira kwa chidziwitso chomwe amanyamula. Patangotsala masiku asanu, pa Feb. 22, a US ndi a Taliban adagwirizana kuti athetse nkhondo kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri monga chiyambi cha mgwirizano wamtendere womwe uyenera kusainidwa m'masiku awiri, pa Feb. 29.
Woimira US ku Afghanistan a Zalmay Khalilzad anali ku Doha, Qatar, komwe amakambilana zomaliza za mgwirizano ndi anzawo a Taliban. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo akukonzekera kuchoka ku US kupita ku Doha, komwe akachitire umboni kusaina. Zambiri zomwe Sanner adanyamulira mu PDB zinali mwambi mu punchbowl.
Vuto linali loti kuwunika kwanzeru pa "zopatsa" zaku Russia za GRU kunali ndi ziro zotsimikizika. Zonse zinali zanzeru (zodziwika ndi mkulu wina wodziwa monga "lipoti losonkhanitsa nzeru"), ndipo panali kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana ofufuza-makamaka a NSA-omwe adakumbukira zomwe inkawona kuti ndi zolakwika zomwe adalemba komanso kudalira kwambiri chidziwitso chosatsimikizirika chochokera ku zolemba za akaidi.
Kuphatikiza apo, palibe nzeru zolumikizira GRU ndi a Taliban zomwe zidawonetsa kutali bwanji ndi mndandanda wa chidziwitso cha Russian za "zopatsa" zidapita, ndipo ngati wina aliyense ku Kremlin - osapatula Purezidenti Vladimir Putin - akudziwa.
Palibe chidziwitso chomwe chili mu PDB chinali "chotheka". Purezidenti sanathe kuyimba foni kuti akadandaule kwa a Putin kutengera mlandu womwe udachokera ku zosatsimikizika, komanso nthawi zina zosatsimikizika.
Kufotokozera purezidenti zakuwunika komwe, ngati kuganiziridwa mwachiwonekere, kutha kuwulula mgwirizano wamtendere womwe ukuyimira kudzipereka kwakukulu kwa purezidenti ku ndale zake zakunyumba - kubweretsa asitikali aku US kunyumba kuchokera kunkhondo zosatha za kutsidya lina - chinali chithunzithunzi cha ndale. zanzeru, makamaka pamene panalibe mgwirizano pakati pa gulu lazanzeru zaku US kuti kuwunikaku kunali kolondola poyambira.
Iyi inali nkhani yomwe ingathe, ndipo ikadasamaliridwa ndi alangizi a zachitetezo cha Purezidenti. Sanner sakanauza Purezidenti yekha pa lipoti ili, chigamulo chomwe Mlangizi wa National Security a Trump Robert O'Brien adagwirizana nacho.
Kuimba mlandu Russia
Kuthetsa zovuta zaku America pafupifupi zaka 19 ku Afghanistan nthawi zonse chinali cholinga cha Purezidenti Trump. Monga apurezidenti onse awiri asanakhalepo omwe paulamuliro wawo adawona kumwalira kwa mamembala aku America m'dziko lovuta, lakutali komanso losachereza, a Trump adakumana ndi gulu lankhondo ndi chitetezo cha dziko lomwe likukhulupirira kuti "kupambana" kungatheke, ngati kuli kokwanira, mothandizidwa ndi otsimikiza. utsogoleri, adaponyedwa pavuto.
Kusankha kwake kwa mlembi wa chitetezo, James "Mad Dog" Mattis, wamkulu wa Marine yemwe adapuma pantchito yemwe adalamulira Central Command (gulu lankhondo lankhondo lomwe limayang'anira, pakati pa zigawo zina, Afghanistan) adakankhira Trump kuti apeze asitikali ochulukirapo, zida zambiri, komanso dzanja laulere. kutenga mdani.
Pofika kumapeto kwa 2017, Trump Kenako anavomera kutumiza asilikali ena 3,000 ku Afghanistan, pamodzi ndi malamulo atsopano okhudzana ndi mgwirizano, zomwe zingalole kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso nthawi yoyankha mwamsanga pa ntchito ya ndege za US kumenyana ndi asilikali a Afghanistan.
Zinatenga pafupifupi chaka kuti pulezidenti agwirizane nazo zenizeni zomwe zingawonekere muzofukufuku za Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction John Sopko, kuti "pakhala pali zoyesayesa zomveka komanso zokhazikika za boma la US kuti asokeretse anthu mwadala ...
Mu Novembala 2018, a Trump adayatsa "Mad Dog", kuwuza mkulu wakale wa Marine โNdinakupatsani zimene munapempha. Ulamuliro wopanda malire, palibe zoletsa. Mukuluza. Mukuchita bulu wanu. Walephera.โ
Mwinamwake kunali kuwunika kowona mtima kwa Nkhondo ku Afghanistan pulezidenti aliyense waku America adapereka kwa mlembi wake wachitetezo. Pofika Disembala 2018 Mattis anali kunja, atasiya ntchito pamaso pa chisankho cha Trump chodula kutayika kwa America osati ku Afghanistan kokha, komanso Syria ndi Iraq.
Mwezi womwewo, kazembe wa U.S. Khalilizad idayamba ndondomeko ya zokambirana zamtendere ndi a Taliban omwe adatsogolera ku mgwirizano wamtendere wa Feb. 29. Unali mkangano pazokambirana zamtendere ku Afghanistan adayambitsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa National Security Advisor John Bolton. Mu Seputembala 2019 - a Trump adafuna kuitana utsogoleri wa Taliban ku Camp David pamwambo wosayina, zomwe Bolton adathandizira kuthetsa. A Trump adaletsa "msonkhano", ponena za kuwukira kwa Taliban komwe kudapha membala waku America, koma Bolton adapita.
Kutenga Kulephera
Mmodzi satenga zaka makumi awiri za ndalama zoyendetsera usilikali zomwe zidakhazikika m'malingaliro ndi kapangidwe ka gulu lankhondo la US, kuthamangitsa mlembi wodziwika bwino wachitetezo, kenako ndikutsatira izi ndikuchotsedwa ntchito kwa m'modzi wankhondo. omenyera ufulu wobwezera ambiri mubizinesi popanda kudziunjikira adani.
Washington DC nthawi zonse yakhala yandale ku Peyton Place komwe palibe chomwe sichingalangidwe. Mapurezidenti onse akukumana ndi izi, koma a Trump anali osiyana kwambiri - palibe nthawi m'mbiri ya America pomwe munthu wogawanika adapambana ku White House. Zotsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Trump zidalekanitsa anthu pazandale zonse, nthawi zambiri pazifukwa. Koma adalowanso muudindo atanyamula Kalata Yofiira yomwe palibe m'modzi mwa akale ake adayenera kukumana nayo - manyazi a "chisankho chobedwa" chomwe chidapambana mothandizidwa ndi nzeru zaku Russia.
Mawu akuti "kusokoneza kwa Russia" anali ponseponse, otchulidwa ndi magulu ankhondo odana ndi Trumpers mwadzidzidzi adadzazidwa ndi kuyamikira kwa Cold War-nthawi ya Cold War pazandale zapadziko lonse lapansi, akuwona Chimbalangondo chaku Russia kumbuyo kwa chipika chilichonse chomwe chakumana nacho, osayimitsa ngakhale pang'ono kulingalira kuti vutoli litha. kukhala pafupi ndi kwawo, m'gulu lankhondo lomwe Trump adafuna kutsutsa.
Polephera kapena kusafuna kunyamula udindo, Nicholson m'malo mwake adapeza njira yopulumukira - adadzudzula Russia.
Kudzudzula
"Tikudziwa kuti dziko la Russia likuyesera kulepheretsa kupambana kwathu pankhondo komanso zaka zankhondo ku Afghanistan, ndikupangitsa anzawo kukayikira kukhazikika kwa Afghanistan," adatero. Nicholson adalemba mu imelo kwa atolankhani, akuwoneka kuti sakudziwa mbiri ya kulephera komanso mabodza akulembedwa panthawiyo ndi Sopko.
In Marichi 2018 Nicholson adaimba mlandu Anthu aku Russia "akuchita kusokoneza" zofuna za US ku Afghanistan, akudzudzula anthu aku Russia kuti ali ndi zida za Taliban. Koma chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha kunyada ku Russia kwa mkulu wa boma kunachitika mu February 2017, Purezidenti Trump atangokhazikitsidwa. Mu kuwonekera pamaso pa Senate Armed Services Committee, Nicholson anakumana ndi Sen. Bill Nelson, Florida Democrat komanso wothandizira kwambiri kulowererapo kwa US ku Afghanistan.
"Ngati Russia ikugwirizana ndi a Taliban - ndipo ndi mawu okoma mtima - ngati akupereka zida zomwe tili ndi umboni kuti a Taliban akupeza ... Ndipo a Taliban amalumikizananso ndi al-Qaida? Chifukwa chake Russia ikuthandiza al-Qaeda ku Afghanistan? Nelson anafunsa.
"Zolinga zanu ndizabwino, bwana," adayankha Nicholson.
Kupatula kuti sizinali choncho.
Russia ili ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yovuta ndi Afghanistan. Soviet Union idalanda dziko la Afghanistan mu 1979, ndipo m'zaka khumi zotsatira idamenya nkhondo yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo ndi mafuko aku Afghanistan, mothandizidwa ndi ndalama ndi zida zaku America komanso gulu lankhondo la ma jihadis achiarabu omwe pambuyo pake adalowa mu al-Qaeda Sen. Nelson adayankha funso lake kwa General Nicholson.
Pofika mu 1989 Ufumu wa Soviet unali kutha, limodzi ndi nkhondo yake yoopsa ya ku Afghanistan. M'zaka khumi zotsatira, Russia idasemphana ndi boma la Taliban lomwe lidawuka paphulusa lankhondo yapachiweniweni ya Afghanistan yomwe idatsata pambuyo pakuchotsedwa kwa magulu ankhondo a Soviet.
Moscow idathandizira kuchirikiza magulu amphamvu ankhondo otchedwa Northern Alliance ndipo, pambuyo pa zigawenga za al-Qaeda ku US pa Seputembara 11, 2001, adathandizira kulowererapo motsogozedwa ndi U.S. kuti agonjetse gulu la Taliban ndikubweretsa bata kudziko lomwe limalire ndi Central Asia Republics la Soviet Union wakale, lomwe. Dziko la Russia linkaona kuti linali lokhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha dziko lawo.
Anazindikira kuti US Ikutha Nkhondo
Zaka khumi ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, mu Seputembara 2015, dziko la Russia lidakumana ndi zowona kuti US idalibe njira yopambana ku Afghanistan ndipo, itasiyidwa pazochita zake, Afghanistan idayenera kugwa m'malo osalamulirika amitundu, mafuko ndi zipembedzo zomwe zikanatha. zinayambitsa mikangano yokhoza kusamuka kudutsa malire, kupita kumayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Central Asia Republics, ndi ku Russia komweko.
"Munthu satenga zaka makumi awiri zakuchitapo kanthu pakulephera kwankhondo komwe kudakhazikika m'malingaliro ndi kapangidwe ka gulu lankhondo la US, kuthamangitsa mlembi wodziwika bwino wachitetezo, kenako ndikutsatira izi ndikuchotsedwa ntchito kwa m'modzi wankhondo. omenyera ufulu wobwezera kwambiri pabizinesi popanda kusonkhanitsa adani. โ
Zodetsa nkhawa zaku Russia zidagawidwa ndi mayiko akumadera monga Pakistan ndi China, onse omwe adakumana ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu monga zigawenga zachisilamu zakunyumba.
Kugwidwa kwa mzinda wa kumpoto kwa Afghanistan wa Konduz, kutsatiridwa ndi kuwuka kwa gulu lachisilamu lachisilamu ku Afghanistan lodziwika kuti Islamic State-Khorassan (IS-K), zonse zomwe zidachitika mu Seputembara 2015, zidapangitsa anthu aku Russia kunena kuti US ikuluza nkhondo ku Afghanistan, ndipo chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri cha Russia chinali kugwira ntchito ndi gulu lomwe lidalipo - a Taliban - kuti agonjetse chiwopsezo cha IS-K, ndikupanga njira zokhazikitsira mtendere ku Afghanistan.
Palibe mbiri iyi yomwe inatchulidwa ndi Gen. Nicholson kapena Sen. Nelson. M'malo mwake, Nicholson adafuna kutulutsa Russia ku Afghanistan ngati "choyipa". kulengeza mumsonkhano wachidule wa Disembala 16, 2016 kuti:
"Russia idapereka chilolezo kwa a Taliban. Ndipo nkhani yawo ikupita motere: kuti a Taliban ndi omwe akumenyana ndi Islamic State, osati boma la Afghanistan. Ndipo ndithudi ... boma la Afghanistani ndi ntchito zolimbana ndi uchigawenga za US ndi zomwe zikukwaniritsa zotsatira zazikulu zotsutsana ndi Islamic State. Chifukwa chake, kuvomerezeka kwapagulu kumeneku komwe Russia imabwereketsa kwa a Taliban sikunakhazikitsidwe, koma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonongera boma la Afghanistan ndi NATO ndikulimbikitsa omenyera nkhondo. "
Kulibe ku ndemanga za Nicholson ndikuyamikira kulikonse kozungulira kulengedwa kwa IS-K, ndi zotsatira zake pa Taliban yonse.
Mapangidwe a IS-K akhoza kukhala Zokhudzana ndi kusokonekera komwe kunachitika mkati mwa gulu la Taliban pambuyo pa imfa ya Mullah Omar., woyambitsa ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino a gulu. Kulimbana kuti asankhe wolowa m'malo mwa Omar kudawulula gulu la Taliban lomwe lagawika m'magulu atatu.
Mmodzi, woimira gulu lalikulu la a Taliban omwe amalumikizana kwambiri ndi Mullah Omar, akufuna kupitiliza ndikukulitsa kulimbana komwe kulipo polimbana ndi Boma la Afghanistan ndi mgwirizano wotsogozedwa ndi US, womwe udathandizira ndikuchirikiza poyesa kukhazikitsanso boma. Emirate yomwe idalamulira asanachotsedwe m'miyezi pambuyo pa zigawenga za 9/11.
Wina, wokhazikika m'gulu la Pakistani Taliban, adafuna njira yowonjezereka yomwe idafunafuna Emirate yachigawo kupitirira malire a Afghanistan.
Gulu lachitatu latopa ndi kumenyana kwa zaka zambiri ndipo linkawona imfa ya Mullah Omar ngati mwayi wokambirana zamtendere ndi boma la Afghanistan. IS-K adatuluka m'gulu lachiwiri, ndipo adayika chiwopsezo ku kuthekera kwa a Taliban ngati zitha kulimbikitsa omenyera ambiri a Taliban kuti achoke m'gulu la Taliban.
Kwa anthu aku Russia, omwe adawona kukula kwamphamvu kwa a Taliban monga momwe akuwonetsedwera pakulandidwa kwawo kwakanthawi kochepa ku Konduz, chowopsa chachikulu chomwe adakumana nacho sichinali chigonjetso cha Taliban pa boma la Afghanistan lolamulidwa ndi U.S. gulu lachisilamu lochita zinthu monyanyira lomwe lingakhale chitsanzo komanso chilimbikitso kwa Asilamu azaka zakumenyana kuti asonkhane, kulola kuti kusakhazikika kwachiwawa kuchuluke mdera lanu ndikufalikira kumadera kwazaka zambiri zikubwerazi. A Taliban odziwika bwino samawonedwanso ngati gulu loyenera kukumana nawo, koma anali ndi mwayi wogwirizana.
mu mawu pamaso pa asitikali aku US mu Disembala 2016, Purezidenti wa nthawiyo Barack Obama adavomereza poyera kuti "A US sangathe kuthetsa a Taliban kapena kuthetsa ziwawa m'dzikolo [Afghanistan]." Dziko la Russia lidafika pamfundoyi kuposa chaka chapitacho, kutsatira kulandidwa kwa a Taliban ku Konduz.
Chaka chimodzi Obama asananene izi, Zamir Kabulov, nthumwi yapadera ya Russia ku Afghanistan, ananena kuti "Zokonda za Taliban zimagwirizana ndi zathu" zikafika poletsa kufalikira kwa Islamic State ku Afghanistan, ndipo adavomereza kuti Russia "yatsegula njira zoyankhulirana ndi a Taliban kuti asinthane zambiri."
Kumbali yake, a Taliban poyamba anali ozizira ku lingaliro logwirizana ndi aku Russia. Woyankhulira adalengeza kuti Iwo โsaona kufunika kolandira thandizo kuchokera kwa aliyense wokhudzana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa Daesh [Boma la Chisilamu] ndipo sitinalankhulepo kapena kuyankhula ndi aliyense za nkhaniyi.
Ambiri mwa utsogoleri wa Taliban anali ndi mbiri yolimbana ndi a Soviet m'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndipo sankawoneka ngati akugwira ntchito ndi adani awo akale. Kukula kwa IS-K ku Afghanistan, komabe, kudayambitsa chiwopsezo chofala chomwe chidathandizira kuchiritsa mabala akale, ndipo pomwe a Taliban adakana ubale wina uliwonse, aku Russia adayamba njira yakumbuyo yakukambirana mwanzeru. (Kabulov anali ndi mbiri ya zokambirana ndi a Taliban kuyambira pakati pa 1990's).
Pofika mu Novembala 2018 kuyesayesa uku kudakula kukhala zomwe zimatchedwa "Moscow Format", ndondomeko ya mgwirizano pakati pa Russia ndi Afghanistan oyandikana nawo zomwe zinachititsa kutumiza koyamba kwa nthumwi za Taliban ku Moscow ndi cholinga chokambirana zofunikira kuti zokambirana zamtendere zitheke kuthetsa mkangano ku Afghanistan.
"A Taliban ambiri sanawonekerenso ngati gulu lomenyera nkhondo, koma zidapangidwa mogwirizana."
Purezidenti Trump atathetsa zokambirana zamtendere ku US-Taliban mu Seputembara 2019, inali "Moscow Format" yomwe idapangitsa kuti mtendere ukhale wamoyo, ndi Russia. kuchititsa nthumwi kuchokera ku Taliban kuti akambirane za tsogolo la mtendere.
Kutengapo gawo kwa Russia kunathandizira kuti zenera la zokambirana ndi a Taliban likhale lotseguka, ndikuthandizira kuti US ibwererenso pagome la zokambirana mwezi wa February, ndipo sizinatenge gawo laling'ono pomaliza bwino mgwirizano wamtendere wa Feb. 27, 2020โ mfundo yomwe palibe aliyense ku U.S. anali wokonzeka kuvomereza poyera.
Nzeru Zoipa
Lipoti la Intelligence Collection Report lomwe linapeza njira yake mu Feb. 27 PDB silinawonekere popanda kanthu. Kusankhidwa kwa netiweki ya Hawala yoyendetsedwa ndi Rahmatullah Azizi chinali chiwonetsero cha ziwonetsero zazikulu zotsutsana ndi Russia zomwe zidalipo pakusonkhanitsa zidziwitso za asitikali aku US, CIA ndi Afghan NDS kuyambira 2015.
Izi zitha kutsatiridwa ndi tsankho lamkati lomwe lidalipo mu US Central Command ndi CIA motsutsana ndi chilichonse chaku Russia, komanso momwe kukonderaku kudakhudzira machitidwe anzeru momwe adagwirira ntchito ku Afghanistan.
Kukhalapo kwa tsankho lamtundu wotere ndi njira yakupha ya kuyesetsa kulikonse kwanzeru, chifukwa kumawononga malingaliro ofunikira kuti apange kusanthula koyenera.
Sherman Kent, wamkulu wa US intelligence analysis (Center for Intelligence Analysis ya CIA imatchedwa pambuyo pake), anachenjeza za ngozi imeneyi, pozindikira kuti ngakhale kuti panalibe chowiringula cha ndondomeko kapena kukondera kwa ndale, kukhalapo kwa kupendekera kapena kulingalira kwachidziwitso kunakhazikika m'mikhalidwe yaumunthu, kumafuna kuyesetsa kosalekeza kwa omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ntchito zowunikira kuti achepetse.
Kent analimbikitsa openda โkupeลตa chizoloลตezi chowona zimene amayembekezera kuwona mโchidziลตitsocho,โ ndipo โanalimbikitsa kusamala mwapadera pamene gulu lonse la openda nthaลตi limagwirizana pa kumasulira kwa dzulo kapena kulosera za mawa.โ
Gawo la Litany of Intel Failures
Kulumikizana kwamalingaliro ndi zenizeni sikunapezeke kawirikawiri, ngati zinali choncho, mkati mwa gulu lazanzeru zaku US. Kuchokera pakuyerekeza kwa Cold War kuyerekeza mphamvu zankhondo za Soviet ("bomba" ndi mipata ya "missile"), kupeputsa kwa zida zankhondo za Viet Cong ndi North Vietnamese, kulephera kuneneratu molondola kufunikira, ndi zotsatira za, mfundo za Gorbachev zosintha zinthu. Soviet Union, chisokonezo chomwe chinali Iraq WMD, kusokoneza kofananako kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya za Iran ndi zolinga zake, ndi kulephera kwa zaka khumi zomwe zinali (ndipo) zomwe zinachitikira ku Afghanistan, gulu lanzeru la US liri ndi mbiri yakuyesa kusanthula kwake ndi onse awiri. kukondera pazandale komanso mwachidziwitsoโndi kuzipeza molakwika kwambiri pazinthu zambiri.
Nkhani yachiwongola dzanja yaku Russia ndi chimodzimodzi. Zimayimira mgwirizano wa njira ziwiri zosiyana zowunikira, zonse zomwe zinali zodzaza ndi kukondera; imodzi, ikuyimira mkwiyo wa America chifukwa chosatha kulamulira tsogolo la Russia pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union, ndipo yachiwiri, ku America kulakwitsa kwathunthu za zenizeni za Afghanistan (ndi a Taliban) monga momwe zimakhalira ndi nkhondo yapadziko lonse. pa Zowopsa (GWOT).
Kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira, mitsinje iyi inkakhala miyoyo yosiyana koma yofanana, yokhala ndi magulu ofufuza omwe ntchito zawo sizimadutsana (inde, ngati zoona zikanenedwa, "nyumba" yaku Russia / Eurasian nthawi zambiri inkalandidwa talente yake yabwino kwambiri kuti idyetse chilakolako chosakhutitsidwa. "kuwunika" kowonjezereka komanso kwabwinoko koyendetsedwa ndi bizinesi ya GWOT.)
Kusankhidwa kwa Barack Obama, komabe, kunasintha mawonekedwe anzeru ndipo, pochita izi, adayambitsa njira zomwe zimalola kuti magulu awiriwa anzeru omwe adasiyana m'mbuyomu ayendere limodzi.
Pansi pa Purezidenti Obama, U.S. "adachita mantha" Asilikali opitilira 17,000 omenyera nkhondo ku Afghanistan poyesa kusintha nkhondo. Pofika September 2012, asilikaliwa anali atachotsedwa; "kuphulika" kunatha, popanda zowonetsera pang'ono pambali pa asilikali owonjezera a 1,300 a US omwe anaphedwa ndi makumi a zikwi anavulala. "Kuthamanga" kudalephera, koma monga kulephera kulikonse komwe kunakhazikitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya Purezidenti, m'malo mwake idagulitsidwa ngati yapambana.
Chaka chomwecho olamulira a Obama adakumananso ndi kulephera kwa mfundo zofananira. Mu 2008, Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adasinthana ndi Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev, ndipo pomwe Obama adatenga udindo, gulu lake la akatswiri aku Russia, motsogozedwa ndi pulofesa waku Stanford dzina lake Michael McFaul, adamugulitsa pamalingaliro a "kukonzanso" kwa US-Russian. ubale, womwe unasokonekera pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu za Utsogoleri wa Bush.
Koma "kukonzanso" kunali kosankha mbali imodzi-kunayika mlandu wonse wa magazi oyipa pakati pa mayiko awiri a Putin, ndipo palibe pa maulamuliro awiri otsatizana azaka zisanu ndi zitatu, motsogozedwa ndi Bill Clinton ndi George W. Bush, omwe adawona US ikukulitsa mgwirizano wa NATO mpaka kumalire a Russia, kusiya mapangano oyendetsera zida zoyambira, ndikuchita ngati Russia inali mdani wogonja yemwe chikhalidwe chake chovomerezeka chinali kuvomereza ndi kugonjera.
Awa anali masewera Purezidenti woyamba wa Russia, Boris Yeltsin, adangowoneka wokondwa kwambiri kusewera. Wotsatira wake wosankhidwa ndi manja, Vladimir Putin, komabe, sakanatero.
Ndi Medvedev ataikidwa kukhala purezidenti, McFaul adafuna kupatsa mphamvu Medvedev pazandale-kwenikweni, kuti amupatse chithandizo cha "Yeltsin" - ndikuyembekeza kuti Medvedev yemwe ali ndi mphamvu atha kusokoneza Putin.
Pazifukwa zingapo (mwinamwake chofunikira kwambiri kukhala Putin analibe cholinga chololeza kuti apanikizidwe, ndipo Medvedev sanafune kuchita kufinya kulikonse), "kukonzanso" kwa Russia kunalephera. Putin anasankhidwanso kukhala pulezidenti mu March 2012. Mpikisano wa McFaul unalephera, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ubale wa U.S.
Mu 2014, atatha kuyang'ana pulezidenti wa ku Ukraine wosankhidwa bwino, a Viktor Yanukovych, atachotsedwa paudindo chifukwa cha zipolowe zomwe, ngati sizinathandizidwe ndi US, zidathandizidwa ndi US, Putin adayankha pochotsa chilumba cha Crimea cha Russia ndikuthandizira pro- Anthu aku Russia odzipatula kudera la Donbas ku Ukraine.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa Russia ndi US ndi Europe, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mabungwe onse awiri akhazikitse zilango zachuma ku Russia, komanso kuyambika kwa ubale watsopano ngati Nkhondo Yozizira pakati pa Russia ndi NATO.
Mu 2015 Russia idatsata zomwe Ukraine idachita potumiza asitikali ake ku Syria komwe, itayitanidwa ndi boma la Syria, idathandizira kusintha zomwe zikuchitika pabwalo lankhondo mokomera Purezidenti wa Syria, Bashar al-Assad, motsutsana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana achigawenga. .
Mwamsanga, nzeru zakumbuyo zomwe zinali zochitika zaku Russia / ku Europe mwadzidzidzi zidafika patsogolo komanso pakatikati pa dziko lapansi ndipo, nazonso, kulowa mumtima mwa ndale zaku America. Sukulu ya McFaul ya Putin-phobia mwadzidzidzi idakhala chiphunzitso, ndipo wophunzira aliyense yemwe adasindikiza buku kapena nkhani yotsutsa purezidenti waku Russia adakwezedwa paudindo komanso mawonekedwe, mpaka kuphatikiza mpando patebulo popanga zisankho zazikulu kwambiri. gulu la intelligence la U.S.
Anthu aku Russia adadzazidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi mphamvu zamunthu, mpaka komanso kuthekera kobera chisankho chapurezidenti waku America.
Pambuyo pakulephereka kwa kukwera kwa Obama ku Afghanistan, komanso kuchoka ku Iraq kumapeto kwa 2011 kwa asitikali aku US aku US, malingaliro mdera lonse la Central Command anali "kukhazikika." Uwu unali upangiri wamalamulo ndi chisoni kwa katswiri wanzeru yemwe anayesa kukweza mbendera yofiyira kapena kuyika chowonadi mubizinesi yanzeru yomwe cholinga chake chinali kulimbikitsa bata.
Zowonadi, pamene Islamic State idabangula m'zipululu zakumadzulo kwa Iraq kuti ikhazikike kum'mawa kwa Syria, akatswiri ambiri azanzeru za CENTCOM adadandaula kuti akuluakulu awo anali kuwongolera mwadala mankhwala owunikira opangidwa ndi CENTCOM kuti ajambule dala chithunzi chosocheretsa chachowonadi pansi poopa kukwiyitsa a Commanding General ndi antchito ake akulu.
Kwa aliyense amene wakhalapo nthawi iliyonse mu usilikali, kufunikira kwa chitsogozo cholamula, kaya cholembedwa kapena chapakamwa, ponena za kukhazikitsa zonse zofunika kwambiri ndi njira, sikungapitirire. Mwachidule, zimene wamba amafuna, wamba amalandira; Tsoka kwa mkulu wasukulu kapena katswiri yemwe sanapeze memo.
"Anthu aku Russia adadzazidwa mwadzidzidzi ndi mphamvu zamunthu, mpaka komanso kuthekera kobera chisankho chapurezidenti waku America."
Pofika chaka cha 2016, mkulu wa asilikali a US ku Afghanistan, Gen. Nicholson, ankafuna kuona anthu a ku Russia akusokoneza zolinga za US ku Afghanistan. Chikhalidwe chapoizoni chomwe chinalipo mkati mwa bizinesi yanzeru ya CENTCOM chinali chokondwa kwambiri kutsatira.
Ziphuphu zanzeru pa "ground zero" zidatha kuwononga gulu lonse lazanzeru zaku US, makamaka pomwe panali chikhumbo chofuna kutengera kulephera kwa mfundo zaku US ku Afghanistan kwina kulikonse kupatula komwe kunali - mozungulira pamapewa a mfundo zaku US. opanga ndi ankhondo omwe adachita zofuna zawo.
Ndipo panali zida zanzeru zaku Russia/Eurasia zomwe zikuyang'ana mwayi wodzudzula Russia. Kuimba mlandu Russia chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mfundo za US ku Afghanistan kunakhala lamulo ladziko.
Zotsatira za chisankho cha ndale ndi chidziwitso ichi ndi chobisika, koma chowonekera kwa iwo omwe amadziwa zomwe ayenera kuyang'ana, ndipo ali okonzeka kutenga nthawi kuti ayang'ane.
Kutsatira kutayikira kwa The New York Times Ponena za nzeru za "zopatsa" zaku Russia, mamembala a Congress adafuna mayankho okhudza zomwe a White House adanena kuti zomwe zidafalitsidwa ndi a White House. Nthawi (ndi kutsanziridwa ndi zoulutsira nkhani zina zazikulu) zinali "zosatsimikiziridwa."
Rep. Jim Banks, yemwe amakhala mu Komiti ya Armed Services ngati m'modzi mwa opanga malamulo asanu ndi atatu aku Republican omwe adauzidwa ndi White House pazanzeru zomwe akuti "zabwino" zaku Russia, adalemba pa Twitter msonkhano utangotha kuti, "Nditatumikira ku Afghanistan panthawi yomwe ndalamazo zinayikidwa, palibe amene amakwiyira izi kuposa ine."
Ma Bank yonena akuti, "Mu 2014 ndi 2015, adachoka ku Senate ya Indiana State kuti atumize ku Afghanistan panthawi ya Operations Enduring Freedom and Freedom's Sentinel."
Magalasi a nthawi ya Banks omwe amaperekedwa ndi mtsogoleri wakale wa Taliban, Mullah Manan Niazi, yemwe adauza atolankhani a U.S omwe adamufunsa pambuyo pa nkhani ya "zowolowa manja" yaku Russia kuti "a Taliban adalipidwa ndi anzeru aku Russia chifukwa choukira asitikali aku US - komanso asitikali a ISIS - ku Afghanistan kuyambira 2014 mpaka pano."
Niazi watulukira munthu wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga nkhani ya "zowolowa manja", komabe mawu ake palibe. The New York Times kupereka lipoti, pazifukwa zomveka - Niazi ndi munthu wopanda pake yemwe kuvomereza kugwirizana kwa Afghan Intelligence Service (NDS) ndi CIA kumalepheretsa kukhulupilika kwake ngati gwero lodalirika lazidziwitso.
Akuluakulu, kuyankhula mosadziwika kwa atolankhani, anena kuti "nkhani yosaka bwino inali 'yodziwika bwino' pakati pa akatswiri anzeru ku Afghanistan, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa malo a CIA ndi akuluakulu ena apamwamba kumeneko, monga asilikali ankhondo omwe ankasaka a Taliban. Zambirizi zidagawidwa m'malipoti a intelligence ndikuwunikiridwa mwa ena mwa iwo. "
Ngati izi ndi zoona, ndipo zina mwazidziwitsozi zidalowa mu lipoti la intelligence lomwe limatchulidwa ndi Rep. Banks, ndiye kuti gulu lanzeru la US lakhala likugulitsa malingaliro a chiwongoladzanja cha Russia pa asilikali a US kuyambira osachepera 2015-mwangozi, zomwezo. nthawi yomwe Russia idayamba kugwirizana ndi a Taliban motsutsana ndi IS-K.
Zowona mu kuwala uku, akuti Bolton adauza Purezidenti Trump Pankhani ya "zowolowa manja" mu Marichi 2019 - pafupifupi chaka chathunthu PDB isanaperekedwe ku White House - sizikuwoneka ngati zachikale, kupatula tsatanetsatane yaying'ono: Kodi maziko a Bolton anali chiyani? Ndi nzeru zotani zomwe zidapangidwa panthawi imeneyo zomwe zidakwera mpaka kufika pamlingo wokwanira kuti afotokozere pulezidenti wa United States ndi mlangizi wake wachitetezo cha dziko?
Yankho nโlakuti, palibe. Panalibe kalikonse; ngati alipo, tikadakhala tikuwerenga za izi ndi umboni wokwanira kuti tivomereze kukana kwa White House. Zomwe tili nazo ndi nkhani, mphekesera, zongopeka, "nthano" yolimbikitsidwa ndi ma turncoats a Taliban omwe amathandizidwa ndi CIA omwe adadziwonetsa okha mu nthano za Afghanistan zokwanira kuti atengedwe ndi Afghans ena omwe, adamangidwa ndikufunsidwa ndi NDS ndi CIA. , adabwerezanso "nthano"yo mwachidwi chokwanira kuti iphatikizidwe, mosakayikira, mu lipoti la intelligence lomwe linapanga PDBโpa Feb. 27, 2020.
"Kuimba mlandu Russia chifukwa chakulephera kwa mfundo za US ku Afghanistan kunakhala lamulo ladziko."
Palinso mbali ina ya nkhani imeneyi imene imalephera kotheratu, ndiyo kumvetsa kwenikweni chimene kwenikweni chimatanthauza โmphatsoโ.
"Akuluakulu aku Afghanistan ati mphotho za $100,000 pa msilikali aliyense wophedwa zimaperekedwa pazolinga zaku America ndi mgwirizano," adatero. Times lipoti. Ndipo komabe, pamene Rukmini Callimachi, membala wa gulu lopereka malipoti akuswa nkhaniyi, adawonekera pa MSNBC kuti afotokoze zambiri, ananena kuti โndalamazo zinali kutumizidwa kuchokera ku Russia mosasamala kanthu kuti a Taliban anapha asilikali kapena ayi. Panalibe lipoti lobwerera ku GRU lokhudza ovulala. Ndalamazo zinapitirira kuyenda.โ
Pali vuto limodzi lokha - si momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito. Bounties ndi makonzedwe a quintessential quid pro quoโmphoto ya ntchito yoperekedwa. Chitani ntchitoyi, sonkhanitsani mphothoyo. Kulephera kupereka - palibe mphotho. Lingaliro lakuti Russian GRU inakhazikitsa payipi ya ndalama kwa a Taliban omwe sanali, kwenikweni, okhudzana ndi kuphedwa kwa asilikali a US ndi ogwirizana, ndizotsutsana ndi dongosolo lachifundo. Zikumveka ngati thandizo la ndalama, zomwe zinali-ndipo ziri. Kuwunika kulikonse komwe kunalibe kuwunikiraku kumangokhala chifukwa cha luntha loyipa.
Nthawi
Yemwe adatulutsa nkhani yaku Russia "yowolowa manja". The New York Times adadziwa kuti, m'kupita kwa nthawi, zoyambira za nkhaniyi sizikanatheka kuziwunika bwino - panali mabowo ochulukirapo pamalingaliro oyambira, ndipo luntha lonse litatuluka (lomwe, pofika Lachisanu lidawoneka nkhaniyo), White House idzayang'anira nkhaniyo.
Nthawi yotulutsa ikuwonetsa cholinga chake chenicheni. Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhaniyi chinali chakuti Purezidenti adadziwitsidwa za kuwopseza kwa asitikali aku US monga "mphatso" yaku Russia, yoperekedwa kwa a Taliban, komabe sanasankhe kuchita kalikonse. Payokha, nkhaniyi pamapeto pake idzafa mwa kufuna kwake.
Pa June 18, bungwe la U.S. adakwaniritsa udindo wake pansi pa mgwirizano wamtendere kuti achepetse chiwerengero cha asilikali ku Afghanistan kufika pa 8,600 pofika July 2020. Pofika pa June 26, kayendetsedwe ka Trump pafupi kumaliza chigamulo kuti achotse asitikali opitilira 4,000 ku Afghanistan pakugwa, kusuntha komwe kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa asitikali kuchokera ku 8,600 mpaka 4,500 ndikutsegula njira yoti atuluke kwathunthu ku asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan pofika pakati pa 2021.
Zonse ziwirizi sizinali zokondedwa ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe lakhala likudzinyenga kwa zaka makumi awiri kuti likhoza kupambana pa nkhondo ya Afghanistan. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lankhondo litatsikira ku 4,500, sikunabwererenso - kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa mphamvu zonse kunali kosapeลตeka, chifukwa pamlingo womwewo US sakanatha kudziteteza, osasiya kuchitapo kanthu kwamtundu uliwonse wankhondo pothandizira. wa boma la Afghanistan.
Inali nthawi imeneyi pamene leaker anasankha kutulutsa zambiri zake kwa The New York Times, nthawi yabwino kuti ipangitse chipwirikiti cha ndale chomwe sichimangofuna kuchititsa manyazi purezidenti, koma makamaka, kulimbikitsa Congress kuti ibwezere motsutsana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Afghanistan.
Lachinayi, House Armed Services Committee adavotera kusintha ku National Defense Authorization Act yomwe idafuna kuti olamulira a Trump apereke ziphaso zingapo kuti asitikali aku US achepetsenso ku Afghanistan, kuphatikiza kuwunika ngati "ochita nawo boma apereka chilimbikitso kwa a Taliban, ogwirizana nawo, kapena mabungwe ena achigawenga akunja. zoukira boma la United States, mabungwe ogwirizana, kapena magulu achitetezo a Afghanistani kapena anthu wamba ku Afghanistan m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, kuphatikizanso tsatanetsatane wa ziwawa zilizonse zomwe akukhulupirira kuti zidachitika chifukwa cha zolimbikitsa zotereโโkutanthauza kutayikira kwa "zabwino" zaku Russia.
Kusintha kwadutsa 45-11.
Izi, kuposa china chilichonse, zikuwoneka kuti chinali cholinga cha kutayikira. Zodabwitsa za Congress yomwe ikukhazikitsa malamulo okonzedwa kuti atalikitse nkhondo yaku America ku Afghanistan m'dzina loteteza asitikali aku America omwe atumizidwa ku Afghanistan ayenera kuwonekera kwa onse.
Mfundo yakuti sichoncho ikunena zambiri za momwe dziko lino layendera mumsewu wamisala wandale. Pamapeto a sabata pomwe America ikukondwerera kubadwa kwa dzikoli, chikondwerero chimenecho chidzasokonezedwa ndi chidziwitso chakuti oimira osankhidwa adavotera kuti athetse nkhondo yomwe aliyense akudziwa kuti yatayika kale. Zoti adachita izi chifukwa cha nzeru zoyipa zomwe zidawukhira ndicholinga choyambitsa voti zimangopangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire.
Scott Ritter ndi msilikali wakale wa intelligence wa Marine Corps yemwe adagwira ntchito ku Soviet Union yomwe kale ikugwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi zida zankhondo, ku Persian Gulf panthawi ya Operation Desert Storm, komanso ku Iraq kuyang'anira kuchotsedwa kwa zida za WMD.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama